HUE UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF OPEN EDUCATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ENGLISH LANGUAGE o0o SOCIOLINGUISTIC PROJECT Lecturer: Trần Thuần Student’s name: Trần Thị Huyền Student’s code: 7052900525 Class: Nghệ An Nghe An, July 2023 There are systematic differences between the English spoken in the US and the English spoken in the UK, hence the terms ‘American English’ and ‘British English’ due to historical and political reasons It is highly plausible that a similar phenomenon, historically and politically triggered, can be found in the Korean language Investigate the (possible) differences between the Korean spoken in North Korea (Democratic People’s Republic Korea) and the Korean spoken in South Korea (Republic of Korea) There are systematic differences between the English spoken in the US and the English spoken in the UK, hence the terms ‘American English’ and ‘British English’ due to historical and political reasons English is a language that has undergone several changes As we know that India was ruled by the British, so the language that they left us with was British English The mannerisms, habits, houses, and everything people have today are inspired by British descent On the contrary, people aspire to settle in the US and try to adapt to their nature and culture They want to be acquainted with the American lifestyle People who live abroad practice the culture, habits, and mannerisms of that country The language of the US is called American English People who are either in the United Kingdom or America aspire to study and learn the nature of the country Now, there has been a lot of debate regarding the languages practiced by other countries America, being the superpower, tends to instigate people to use American English Whether to choose American English or British English has always been a debatable topic So, let us discuss about the significant contrasting points regarding American and British English, but before that, let us understand the critical points of these terms American English As the name suggests, American English is also called the US-English, which is defined as the language native to the United States American English is the common language used by almost every country (federal and state government) American English has a variety of patterns in pronunciation, spelling, vocabulary, grammar, so on, and so forth According to historical linguistic studies, American English is regarded as the mainstream language Many regional accents have been included in American English apart from American accent As far as the history of American English is concerned, we can see that the first phase of English came in North America in the 17 th, 18th, and 19th centuries respectively After the 19th century, American English has introduced and developed new patterns and varieties, including regional accents like Eastern New England Dialect, New York Accent, Philadelphia Baltimore Accent, Western US Accent, etc Well, it is interesting to know that American English is prominent in 32 US States and five non-US states and territories American English has a lot of characteristics like the intonation not tend to rise; sounds are monotonous, the voices have a higher pitch, the pronunciation is nasalized, the consonant and vowel sound are different from one another, etc British English British English is defined as the language spoken in the United Kingdom Variations in this language also exist in the written, verbal, and formal form The oldest form of this language was called Old English, followed by Middle English and Early Modern English Some of the colloquial words to address British English are Bringlish, Britglish, Brenglish, and Brilish The history of British English goes back to the time when the Germans came to settle in the UK That is why British English is also called as the West Germanic Language The Old English is said to have many dialects, including the Anglo-Saxon and the Late West Saxon Like American English, British English also has variants in vocabulary, grammar, spelling, and pronunciation Now, there are certain differences between American English and British English So, let us have a look at them S.NO AMERICAN ENGLISH BRITISH ENGLISH American English is defined as the On the other hand, British language which is prevalent in the English is a language that is United States prevalent in the United Kingdom American English first came to British English first came into North America in the 17th, 18th, and being by the German settlers 19th centuries Accents like Eastern New England Dialect, New York Accent, Philadelphia Baltimore Accent, Western US Accent, etc., are included in American English The vocabulary of American The vocabulary of British English is English is different from British different from American English English Examples: British English has three phases, i.e., Old English, Middle English, and Early Modern English All the accents are included in these three phases Examples: o Sidewalk o Elevator o Freeway American English differs in spelling as well Examples: o Flavor o Color o Center o Dialog o Localize o Defense The grammar is also distinct from American English Examples: o On the Weekend o In the back/ front o In school o Getting along o In the party o Pavement o Lift o Motorway The spelling of words is different in British English as compared to American Examples: o Flavour o Colour o Centre o Dialogue o Localize o Defence The grammar of British English is in contrast with American English Examples: o At the Weekend o At the back/ front o At school o Get on o At the party The collective nouns in American In British English, the English are singular collective nouns are Examples: Examples: o Team o The team is playing o Band English plural o Staff really good o The band is playing the music o The staff of the school is disciplined The auxiliary verbs in American In British English, the English are quite in contrast auxiliary verbs are Examples: Examples: o I shall go to the park o I will go to the park o Shall we leave? o Should we leave? o You not need to come today o You needn't come today The past tense used in American English is different The ending 'en' is used in the past tense For instance, in American English, we say, 'I have never gotten into jail.' (Americans may use 'gotten' and 'got' both) 10 Americans not use any tag Britishers use tag questions questions like isn't it, aren't, etc often For instance, in British one may say, 'the entire scenario is disturbing, isn't it? (The statement becomes a question here) different The past tense in British English users the ending 't.' For instance, we say, 'I have not got in jail.' (Britishers only use 'got') So, these are some of the significant linguistic differences between American English and British English The major difference between them is that of the countries they are used in For instance, British English is prevalent in the UK, and American English is prominent in the US Both these languages are essential for the natives It is interesting to note that English literature and its history are based entirely on British English, including Greek Mythology The history of English Literatures dates back to the Anglo-Saxon age, which is a part of British English Thus, both American English and British English are significant languages in studies, culture, tradition, mannerisms, and nature It is highly plausible that a similar phenomenon, historically and politically triggered, can be found in the Korean language Investigate the (possible) differences between the Korean spoken in North Korea (Democratic People’s Republic Korea) and the Korean spoken in South Korea (Republic of Korea) There are two Koreas, namely North Korea and South Korea, much in the news recently, of course! They share a common language, which is Korean There are however a few differences between the North Korean and South Korean languages, both the spoken and written word The first key difference is in the South Korean language, where the formal name used for the language spoken by its citizens is Hangugeo In North Korea, it’s called Chosŏnŏ Differences in the Korean Vocabulary Do north and south korea speak the same language? The language spoken in South Korea is basically a Seoul dialect, and the speakers often use words borrowed from English In contrast to this trend in North Korea, its leaders have encouraged its citizens not to use any borrowed words, so the Pyongyang dialect is mainly in use Sometimes, North Koreans include words from other languages, and Russian, in this case, is the preferred language Differences in Written North Korean and South Korean Languages Anyone who is learning to write Korean is sure to notice that both in North and South Korea they use exactly the same letters, which is called “jamo,” but they might not look quite the same For example, some consonants and vowels are considered to be separate letters in the North Korean version of the language, while in South Korea they are connected together as the same letters At times some “jamo” are put in a different order, depending on the version in use There are not just differences in letters, but some complete words are different as well There are normally more spaces in the South Korean language than in North Korean, especially when writing pairs of words that when assembled together show a single concept Differences in the Spoken Word of North Korean and South Korean Languages As the Korean language in both regions isn’t the same dialect, it’s no surprise that there are also some differences when it comes to pronunciation in the spoken words In effect, some vowels are consonants that are not pronounced the same in the different regions Even to the point that some letters might be completely ignored when the residents of either South or North Korea pronounce the words There is also evidence present that the North Korean language’s pitch isn’t quite the same as in South Korea A few Chinese characters are also used in Korean and are referred to as “hanja.” These characters are commonly pronounced a certain way in South Korean and in another in North Korean On occasions, they can even be found written differently Usually, anyone who is fluent in South Korean should be understood in North Korea and vice versa But any professional interpreter should be aware of even slight differences between the two Korean dialects so that translations can be adapted accordingly in order to meet the targeted audience The Korean peninsula was irrevocably split in two by the events of the 1950s Korean War, part of the post-Second World War Cold War Although Koreans and Korea share a long and proud past, they have also spent more time than many other cultures under the thumb of more powerful nations At one time or another, Imperial China and Japan and more recently, the U.S.A and Russia have had a disproportionate influence on their now divided homeland Korea’s history of subordination to other cultures and languages has shaped their own shared Korean language and the way their societies have diverged and developed The Korean language in South Korea In South Korea, the South Korean language is known as Hangugeo, not Chosŏnŏ, as it is in the North South Koreans primarily use the Seoul dialect of Korean Seoul is the capital and largest city in the South Like many other languages that are spoken in countries that are exposed to outside influences, the South Korean language has now ‘imported’ loan words, principally from English Differences between the written North Korean and South Korean languages The Korean language uses characters rather than letters as in the Latin or Cyrillic writing system The first system of writing the Korean language was called ‘hanja’ and was basically a modified Chinese character system Hanja was used for many years until a specifically Korean form of writing was developed called ‘hangul.’ Both systems are still in use, but hangul is the official and preferred method in both North and South Korea Hanja’s writing is retained more as a cultural and historical curiosity There is very little difference between the way North and South Koreans write using characters, which are called “jamo.” In North Korea, it is more typical to see characters that represent the sounds of consonants and vowels written separately, whereas in the South these same sounds may be more commonly joined together Korean dialect differences Of course, because of the geographical and sociopolitical isolation, there has developed a difference in dialect between the North Korea language and the South Korea language The dialectical differences include vocabulary that is unique to either country as well as differences in the way words are pronounced To give a comparison, think of the differences between Brooklyn English and that of rural Tennessee or Glaswegian and the English of rural Cornwall These sorts of differences are certainly not restricted to Korean However, it is important for interpreters, in particular, to be aware of the subtleties and nuances in the Korean language