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Nghiên cứu này nhằm đánh giá một số đặc điểm nông sinh học của các mẫu giống cây họ Đậu bản địa, nhằm xác định mức độ đa dạng nguồn gen đồng thời tuyển chọn, đề xuất các mẫu giống có năng suất và chất lượng tốt, làm tiền đề để đưa ra biện pháp canh tác phù hợp trong điều kiện những tác động của biến đổi khí hậu (BĐKH) ngày càng rõ rệt và giúp người dân địa phương có sinh kế bền vững. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, các mẫu giống Đậu xanh, Đậu đen bản địa có độ đa dạng nguồn gen khá cao, thể hiện ở hầu hết các tính trạng theo dõi. Các mẫu giống Đậu xanh có thời gian sinh trưởng giao động từ 62 71 ngày, chiều cao cây 63,8 96,86 cm, số nhánh cấp 1 từ 2,66 4,16 nhánhcây, năng suất hạt khô từ 6,02 9,88 tạha.
SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF TAN TRAO UNIVERSITY ĐÁNH GIÁ KHẢ NĂNG SINH TRƯỞNG VÀ NĂNG SUẤT CỦA MỘT SỐ DÒNG, GIỐNG ĐẬU CÔ VE (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) TRONG ĐIỀU KIỆN VÙNG SIBERIA Nguyễn Nam Thành1*, Oksana V Parkina 2, Olga E Yakubenko 2, Denis A Kolupaev 2, Wang Z Fen2 Viện Nông nghiệp Tài nguyên, trường Đại học Vinh, Việt Nam Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, Novosibirsk, Russia Địa email:namthanhdhv@gmail.com https://doi.org (Chỉ số Tạp chí cấp) THƠNG TIN BÀI BÁO TĨM TẮT Thí nghiệm đánh giá khả sinh trưởng phát triển Ngày nhận giống đậu cô ve (Sunshine, Darina, F25 white black rub, F29 light bài: rub, F30 pink, Viola, F9 pink F9 brown) vụ Xuân 2022 Ngày hoàn Novosibirsk bố trí theo khối ngẫu nhiên đủ (RCBD), thiện: lần lặp lại; giống Sunshine sử dụng làm đối chứng Kết Ngày đăng: cho thấy, giống đậu tương thí nghiệm, giống Darina, TỪ KHĨA F30 pink, F9 pink F9 brown thuộc nhóm giống chín trung bình Đậu ve, giống, sinh sớm (thời gian sinh trưởng từ nảy mầm đến chín sinh học 76,5 - 80 ngày), giống lại thuộc nhóm giống chín trung trưởng, suất, Siberia bình (thời gian sinh trưởng từ nảy mầm đến chín sinh học 80 - 90 ngày) Các giống đậu thí nghiệm có suất thực thu dao động từ 1,22 - 3,73 kg/m2 Các giống Дарина F30 pink có yếu tố cấu thành suất suất đạt giá trị cao sai khác có ý nghĩa so với giống đối chứng giống lại * tckh.daihoctantrao.edu.vn Email: tapchikhoahoc.dhtt@gmail.com SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF TAN TRAO UNIVERSITY EVALUATION OF GROWTH AND YIELD OF SOME COMMON BEAN VARIETIES UNDER SIBERIAN CONDITIONS Nguyen N.T.1*, Parkina O.V 1, Yakubenko O.E 1, Kolupaev D.A.1, Wang Z.F.1 Novosibirsk state agrarian university, Russia * Email address: namthanhdhv@gmail.com … ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT The experiment to evaluate the growth and development Received: ability of common bean varieties (Sunshine, Darina, F25 white Revised: black rub, F29 light rub, F30 pink, Viola, F9 brown, F9 pink) was Published: organized according to the scheme of randomized complete block (RCBD), the variety Sunshine was used as a control Field KEYWORDS experiment was conducted from the 3rd decade of May to the 1st Common bean, variety, trait, decade of September in the experimental field of Novosibirsk yield, Siberian state agrarian university "Michurintsev field" The results showed that the experimental varieties of beans had a growth time from sprouting to full maturity of 76.5 to 86.5 days In varieties, the experimental bean varieties, varieties Darina, F30 pink, F9 pink and F9 brown belong to the group of medium early varieties (growth time from seedlings to full maturity is 76.5 - 80 days), the remaining varieties belong to the group of medium-maturing varieties (growth time from seedlings to full maturity is 81 - 90 days) In the experimental bean varieties, the actual yield ranged from 1.22 to 3.73 kg/m2 Varieties Darina and F30 pink had high yield and yield components and differed significantly from the control variety and others Introduction Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important legume crop for direct human consumption on a global scale Modern bean germplasm collections show a wide variety of phenotypes, although genetic erosion is gradually affecting this species as local traditional varieties are replaced by elite varieties [1] The specific benefits of vegetable beans lie in their composition, which includes essential vitamins and micronutrients Recently, the role of beans in the human diet has focused not only on their protein content but also on their functional properties, and some authors have reported that their consumption can help reduce the risk of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease [2] Beans are part of a healthy diet and are becoming increasingly important due to increased consumer interest in healthy foods However, the volume of planting and production of vegetable beans in Siberian does not yet correspond to the existing potential To increase the production of bean, it is necessary to intensify work on the selection of varieties and the creation of new varieties that are promising, competitive and well adapted to the climatic conditions of the region The study of economically valuable characters of samples plays an important role in breeding and breeding varieties, which on the one hand depends on genetic properties of the breed, the proportion of influence of genotype on the passage of phenological phases reaches more than 80% [3] and on the other hand depends on land and climatic conditions The aim of this study is to evaluate and select * tckh.daihoctantrao.edu.vn Email: tapchikhoahoc.dhtt@gmail.com SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF TAN TRAO UNIVERSITY bean varieties with high yield potential and to select good varieties that contribute to higher productivity and economic efficiency for producers Research methods The experiment to assess the growth and development ability of common bean varieties was organized according to the scheme of randomized complete block (RCBD), Sunshine variety was used as a control Experimental plot area in the collection nursery was 2.1 m Seeding rate of vegetable beans was 22 pieces/m2 Morphological description of plants was performed according to the Methodological guidelines for the study of world bean collection specimens twice: during mass flowering and technical ripeness Bean weight is counted during the phase of technical ripeness, plucking all the formed beans from 10 fixed plants Collecting is carried out times from the beginning of ripening every days The number of beans is counted and their weight is counted Mathematical data processing was performed using IRRISTAT software according to the method of analysis of variance [4] Research results and discussion 3.1 Climate change in Novosibirsk during the experiment in 2022 During the experimental period in 2022, the average daily temperature ranged from – 23 ⁰C,C, which is quite low compared with the optimal temperature for growth and development of bean plants According to studies by some authors, a minimum soil temperature of 12°C is necessary for seed germination, while the optimum temperature is 22-30°C [5] The optimum temperature during budding and flowering is 20-25 ⁰C,C, for full vegetation - 20-25⁰C,C [6] Sowing was carried out on 23 May, but week after sowing rather dry weather was established, average daily temperature ranged from 12-15 ⁰C,C, air humidity varied from 58 to 63% and average rainfall was very low - 1,68 mm/day During the first 10 days of June weather became quite cold (average daily temperature was 12°C, especially at night, while temperatures dropped to 4°C) Low temperature and low precipitation at this stage have a great impact on germination of seeds, as well as on the development of the bean plant in the early period Thus, in the first weeks after sowing, the weather changed erratically, but in the second decade of June weather conditions improved and the bean plants developed more actively In June, July and August the total amount of precipitation for the month is 53 mm, 69 mm and 59 mm, respectively, but precipitation is unevenly distributed by day of the month There are times of heavy rain, concentrated heavy rain on some days, so flooding is localized, the soil is polluted and strongly affects the growth and development of plants during flowering and fruit formation Overall, agroclimatic conditions during the 2022 field experiment were heterogeneous for legume plant growth and development during the growing season and reduced yield factors and yield composition of experimental bean varieties tckh.daihoctantrao.edu.vn Email: tapchikhoahoc.dhtt@gmail.com SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF TAN TRAO UNIVERSITY 80 70 60 Daily average temperature (⁰C) Average humidity (%) Total rainfall (mm/month) 50 40 30 20 10 May June July August Figure Dynamics of some meteorological factors by months in 2022 3.2 Morphological characteristics of experimental varieties The results of the study of morphological characteristics of experimental bean varieties presented in Table show that all bean varieties have purple or green stem color, dark green or purple leaves Flower color of varieties Darina, Viola, and F9 brown with light white pink, violet, and light white purple, respectively, while the other varieties have white flowers mixed with yellow, respectively Fruit color in Sunshine and Viola varieties was yellow and purple, respectively, while the other varieties were green The fruits of all varieties were straight and fiberless The seed color of Darina, Viola, and F9 brown varieties were beige, cream, and brown, respectively, while F30 pink and F9 pink varieties had dark pink seed color, and the other varieties had white seeds Table Morphological characteristics of experimental varieties Pattern Sunshine (control) Darina F25 white black rub F29 light rub F30 pink Viola F9 pink F9 brown Stem colour Leaf colour Flower colour Fruit colour Grain colour green dark green white and yellow yellow white green dark green light white pink green beige green dark green white and yellow green white green green violet green green dark green dark green violet dark green dark green white and yellow white and yellow violet white and yellow light white purple green green violet green green white dark pink creme dark pink brown 3.3 Stages of growth and development of experimental bean varieties The experimental results shown in Table show that with the exception of varieties F30 pink and F9 brown with germination rates of 56% and 72%, respectively, the remaining varieties had relatively high germination rates ranging from 81 to 98% According to Akulov A.S (2010), suitable soil moisture for bean germination is usually 65-70% and the most suitable temperature is 18-22 ⁰C,C [7] Sowing in late May, when rainfall and temperature are relatively low (precipitation 1.68 mm/day and average daily temperature 15⁰C,C), which slows germination of common bean seeds This cold and dry tckh.daihoctantrao.edu.vn Email: tapchikhoahoc.dhtt@gmail.com SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF TAN TRAO UNIVERSITY condition lengthened the time from sowing to germination and also lengthened the growth period at the seedling stage The time from cultivation to flowering ranged from 26.5 to 36 days, in which the variety Viola had the longest time from cultivation to flowering at 36 days, followed by the variety Sunshine at 34.5 days The time from flowering to ripening is to 15 days Growth time (from germination to technical ripeness) ranged from 36.5 to 44 days, of which Darina and F30 pink varieties had the shortest growth period (36.5 days); Sunshine, Viola and F9 pink varieties had the longest growth period (44 days) Table Growth and development stages of experimental varieties № Pattern Sunshine (control) Darina F25 white black rub F29 light rub F30 pink Viola F9 pink F9 brown CV (%) LSD 0,05 Germinatio n (%) 81b 93c 88c 81b 56a 96c 98c 72b 7.4 14.56 Time from sprouting to flowering (days) 34.5d 28.5b 31c 27.5a 26.5a 36e 29b 28.5b 2.0 1.39 Time from flowering to ripening (days) 9.5a 8a 8a 11b 10a 8a 15c 14.5c 8.8 2.18 Growth time (days) 44b 36.5a 39a 38.5a 36.5a 44b 44b 43b 2.8 2.67 Note: Different small leters in the table meant a significant difference among treatments at 0.05 level 3.4 Growth and development characteristics of the experimental bean varieties The results of the evaluation of growth and development characteristics of the experimental bean varieties presented in Table show that: "Plant height" (length of the main stem) depends on the genotype of the variety, as well as on growing conditions [8] In our study, the height of plants in varieties varies from 24,55 to 41,75 cm Viola variety has the highest tree height (41,75 cm), the line Sunny has the lowest value (24,55 cm) The height of the lowest attached fruit is one of the important criteria in the selection of beans with the use of mechanized harvesting If the height of the fruit pack is too low compared to the machine's requirements, the machine will not be able to harvest the entire crop, resulting in losses and reduced productivity Conversely, too high a fruiting height results in limiting the yield potential of the variety Therefore, the height of the lowest attaching fruit is an indicator that negatively correlates with plant yield The height of the lowest attached fruit ≥ 10 cm is appropriate for current harvesters The results of fruit height monitoring of the varieties showed that the height of fruiting varied from 9.2 to 13.02 cm, except for the variety Darina, whose fruit height (13.02 cm) was significantly higher compared to the control variety (10.85 cm) at 95% probability level; other varieties had significantly lower height of fruiting compared to the control variety Table Some growth parameters of experimental bean varieties tckh.daihoctantrao.edu.vn Email: tapchikhoahoc.dhtt@gmail.com SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF TAN TRAO UNIVERSITY № Pattern Sunshine (control) Darina F25 white black rub F29 light rub F30 pink Viola F9 pink F9 brown CV (%) LSD 0,05 Height of plant (cm) Height of lowest attached fruit (cm) Fruit length (cm) Fruit width (cm) 24.55a 30.55b 27.68a 30.47b 28.23a 41.75c 26.47a 31.6b 5.1 5.47 10.85a 13.02b 10.77a 10.43a 10.27a 9.2a 10.52a 10.77a 5.8 2.21 11.41b 7.13a 12.7c 12.83c 6.88a 13.29d 12.75c 14.36e 2.1 0.33 0.86a 0.98a 0.9a 0.93a 0.86a 0.85a 0.88a 0.79a 2.4 0.25 Note: Different small leters in the table meant a significant difference among treatments at 0.05 level "Fruit length" is a characteristic trait that determines marketability and canning suitability, since beans are canned both whole beans and sliced beans For low waste, it is important that the beans be straight, not strongly bent at their ends, or perfectly straight Fruit length in our study ranged from 6.88 to 14.36 cm (CV=2,1%) The varieties studied were formed into groups: short bean (5.1-10.0 cm) - samples, medium length (10.1-14.0 cm) - samples and long (>14.0 cm) - sample In the selection of vegetable beans for industrial production of green beans, parameters characterizing the asparagus bean, such as absence of parchment and fiber in the bean, dark green coloration of the bean, taste qualities of the bean, losses when preparing beans for freezing in industrial production (low waste), bean length, width and thickness are also important All these traits and parameters must be taken into account by the breeder when creating varieties that meet the requirements of the market and the processing industry 3.5 Yield components of experimental bean varieties The results of evaluation of yield components of experimental bean varieties, presented in Table 4, show that: The total number of fruits/plant of the varieties ranged from 9.95 to 25.8 fruits, , in which there are bean varieties with lower total number of fruits/plant than the control variety: F25 white black rub, F29 light rub, Viola, F9 pink and F9 brown Varieties Darina and F30 pink had significantly higher total number of fruits/plant than the control at 95% probability level Weight of 100 fruits in bean varieties ranged from 379.73 to 657.75 g, with the control variety Sunshine having the lowest weight of 100 fruits (379.73 g), all other varieties had higher weight of 100 fruits, significance compared to the control variety at the 95% probability level Table Some components of yield of experimental bean varieties № Pattern Sunshine (control) Darina F25 white black rub F29 light rub F30 pink tckh.daihoctantrao.edu.vn Number of beans/plant (bean) Weight of 100 beans (g) Individual yield (g/plant) Actual yield (kg/m2) 19.65d 25.8e 14.9c 13.55b 23.75e 379.73a 657.75f 562.35c 636.97e 477.89b 74.62b 169.7d 83.79b 86.31b 113.5c 1.64b 3.73d 1.84b 1.9b 2.5c Email: tapchikhoahoc.dhtt@gmail.com SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF TAN TRAO UNIVERSITY Viola F9 pink F9 brown CV (%) LSD 0,05 14.05b 12.45b 9.95a 13 2.32 576.48d 480.36b 556.43c 2.8 18.35 81b 59.81a 55.37a 15 14.13 1.78b 1.32a 1.22a 15 0.31 Note: Different small leters in the table meant a significant difference among treatments at 0.05 level Yield is an important criterion in evaluating the performance of the experimental bean varieties The results presented in Table show that the individual yields of the varieties range from 55.37 to 169.7 g/plant, the highest in the variety Darina and the lowest in the variety F9 brown Actual varietal yields ranged from 1.22 to 3.73 kg/m2, with actual yields of F9 brown and F9 pink varieties being significantly lower than those of controls at 95% probability The other varieties had significantly higher net yields than controls (1.64 kg/m2) at 95% probability, ranging from 1.78 to 3.73 t/ha 3.6 Correlation between growth stages and individual productivity In this study, the time from germination to flowering was longer than the time from flowering to fruit ripening Accordingly, the growth times of the varieties ranged from 36 to 44 days There was a significant positive correlation between time from germination to flowering and total growth time with a correlation coefficient of 0.65, but a negative correlation with time from flowering to ripening with a correlation coefficient of -0.42 (Table 5) Meanwhile, the correlation between individual productivity and time from growing to flowering; with time from flowering to ripening; with total growth time -0.28, - 0.6 and - 0.77 respectively Thus, individual productivity is negatively correlated with length of growing season, meaning that varieties with a shorter growing season have higher individual productivity and vice versa This explains why the variety Darina with the shortest growing season (36.5 days) gives the highest individual yield (169.7 g/plant) Table Correlation coefficients between growing periods and individual productivity of experimental bean varieties SF FR GR IP SF - 0.42 0.65 - 0.28 FR GR IP 0.42 - 0.60 - 0.77 Note: SF: time from sprouting to flowering; FR: time from flowering to ripening; GR: growth time; IP: individual productivity Conclusions Experimental bean varieties had growth time from seedlings to full maturity of 76.5 to 86.5 days, of which varieties Darina, F30 pink, F9 pink and F9 brown belong to the group of medium early varieties (growth time from seedlings to full maturity of 76.5 - 80 days), the remaining varieties belong to the group of medium-maturing varieties (growth time from seedlings to full maturity of over 80 days) The height of plants varieties ranges from 24.55 to 41.75 cm Varieties Darina, F25 white black rube, F29 light rub and F30 pink have high values of the parameters of growth, yield and yield components and differ significantly from the control variety and the rest Among them, variety Darina had the highest weight of 100 fruits (657.75 g), followed by the variety F29 light rub (636.97 g) Variety Darina had the highest individual yield (169.7 g/plant) and tckh.daihoctantrao.edu.vn Email: tapchikhoahoc.dhtt@gmail.com SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF TAN TRAO UNIVERSITY net yield (3.73 kg/m2) compared to the experimental varieties F30 pink variety had the second highest net yield (2.5 kg/m2) and was significantly higher than the other varieties To improve the effectiveness of crossing in Siberia in this study, the following varieties are recommended as a source of economically valuable traits: Darina, F30 variety, F29 light rub and F25 white black rub Refferences [1] Antonio, M.D., Ana M.G., Paula A.R (2016) History of the common bean crop: its evolution beyond its areas of origin and domestication Grain legumes in future agriculture Mayo - junio a317: 192-202 [2] Thompson, M.D., Brick, M.A., McGinley, J.N (2009) Chemical composition and mammary cancer inhibitory activity of dry bean Crop Science, 49: 179-180 [3] Parkina O.V., Yakubenko O.E (2017) The duration of the phenophase of common beans, depending on hydrothermal conditions Michurinskii agronomicheskii vestnik Michurinsk (Russia): Agropishcheprom:117-122 [4] Pham Tien Dung (2008) Experimental design and results processing using IRRISTAT statistical software Hanoi University of Agriculture, Hanoi [5] Wortmann, C.S (2006) Phaseolus vulgaris L (common bean) PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa, Wageningen, Netherlands [6] Lukyanets, V.N., Bobrova, R.A., Fedorenko, E.V., (2005) Leguminous plants Aleuron, Kazakhstan [7] Akulov A.S., Borzyonkova G.A., Vasilchikov G.A., Golopyatov M.T., Zotikov V.I., Miroshnikova M.P., Naumkina T.S., Khlebnikov A.I (2010) Perspective resource-saving technology of bean production FGNU "Rosinfartagrotech", Pravdinskiy, Moscow Region [8] Anton Sh., Smirnova A.M., Antoshkin A.A (2018) Evaluation of vegetable bean collection specimens according to economically valuable features in the conditions of the Moscow region Vegetables of Russia 2018;(5), p 43-46 tckh.daihoctantrao.edu.vn Email: tapchikhoahoc.dhtt@gmail.com