[...]... and other enterprises continued their trade in a wide variety of pelts in Canada well into the twentieth century Deerskins became a major trade item in the 1700s and into the 1800s in the southeastern United States, and bison became increasingly important in the Plains during the 1800s Jay Johnson (1997; chapter 4) observes that one stone tool type that thrived in certain regions of the South in the. .. micro-debitage (24 g/sample) from the southern samples than in the northern ones (17 g/sample) Since small ®akes have a high likelihood of being deposited and remaining near a production locus (Kvamme 1997), stone tool production and maintenance might have complemented the caching of tools in the southern portion of the structure The general lithic technologies represented in the winter structure are very similar... relationships they might have mediated in the past CONCLUSION Any study dealing with the Contact period must recognize the two-way nature of interactions Clearly, societies in both European states and emerging colonies were profoundly transformed by their mutual interactions In addition to fueling the growth of the glass bead industry in Europe, indigenous consumer demand for cloth in Africa and the Americas... Further, the decline in stone tool use was not immediate (Bamforth 1993:49–50) Lithic technologies witnessed a diverse—and often protracted— history in the Americas following Columbus’s landing The contributions to this volume underscore this diversity Ranging across North America and into Hawai‘i, these studies outline the continuity in ®ake- and ground -stone technologies in a wide variety of settings... the location of ®intknapper burials on the King site) They were identi¤ed as such by their association with tight clusters of artifacts—probably originally in bags—that appear to represent ®intknapping kits Although the kits varied somewhat in content, at the least they held a number of hammerstones and accumulations of debitage and/or stone tools The ®aked -stone tools were similar to those found in. .. despite the edicts emanating from policymakers anxious to impose distinctions between Westerner and non-Westerner in far-®ung holdings A temporal trajectory of lithic technologies after Contact will bring some understanding of the dynamic nature of this interaction First Contact Studies dealing with the initial period of exploration in the Americas often assume a Janus pro¤le, setting a baseline for looking... establishment of the United States, often involving lithic sources Groups east of the Pawnee in the Central Great Plains were displaced westward in the nineteenth century, forcing the 5 introduction Cree to shift their settlements and to rely more heavily on stone quarry sources to the west (Holen 1991) Likewise, Silliman’s (chapter 9) study suggests that in the same era a reorientation of choices in regional... de¤ned by the zone of domestic structures and space lining the interior wall of the palisade LITHIC ASSEMBLAGES The more ¤ne-grained excavations at the King site occurred within the structures and in mortuary contexts These particular associations thus provide the best resolution on the organization of lithic technology during the town’s occupation We discuss the lithics associated with one of the domestic... toward addressing this variability and moving us away from facile generalizations about the Contact period, as can be seen in the debates over Frederich Engels’s (1972 [1884]) seminal observation on the development of the state, which is often cited as a key contribution toward a feminist understanding of the modern era by linking the rise of female oppression to the loss of communality and the rise of... European groups, they engaged in many of the activities associated with class-based societies, yet they often veered off in unpredictable permutations The fur trade offers a classic case in point The explosion in the fur trade in the 1600s, so often referenced as the Iroquois “beaver wars” (see Carmody, chapter 5), continued elsewhere long after the beaver had played out in the Northeast The Hudson Bay . alt="" Stone Tool Traditions in the Contact Era Stone Tool Traditions in the Contact Era Edited by CHARLES R. COBB THE UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA PRESS Tuscaloosa and London To dad and the memory. and other enterprises continued their trade in a wide variety of pelts in Canada well into the twentieth century. Deerskins became a major trade item in the 1700s and into the 1800s in the southeastern. identifying changes in the organi- zation of lithic technology in the Contact era. With the subtle technological changes that were occurring in the early Con- tact era, we may ¤nd that indirect lines