[...]... opportunities, and resources They must have freedom to think and act, the opportunity to learn and work, and the resources to feed and clothe themselves Where people lack these conditions, it seems that those who are better endowed have obligations of justice to help provide them On the other hand, human beings are choosing 6 National Responsibility and Global Justice agents who must take responsibility. .. of national 8 National Responsibility and Global Justice responsibility, and arguing that global inequalities between societies can be justified when they can be shown to result from practices, policies, and decisions for which the members of those societies can be held collectively responsible This is not of course the same as saying that existing inequalities at global level are fair National responsibility. .. Survey of Recent Thought’, World Politics, 51 (1999), 269–96 22 National Responsibility and Global Justice between domestic and international contexts, and does not, therefore, merely involve giving a wider scope to familiar principles of social justice This contrast between social and global justice is the main theme of Chapters 2 and 3, where I explore the arguments of those who would deny the relevance... justice in all times and all places Instead, the relevant principle will depend on what is being distributed, by whom, and among 3 I have expanded on this claim about how the idea of social justice first emerged, and what conditions are required for it to remain meaningful, in Principles of Social Justice (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999), chs 1 and 12 14 National Responsibility and Global. .. choices and take responsibility for their lives Second, to understand the demands of justice as applying to us both as individuals—the personal ethics approach and as participants in large scale human associations, including states—the institutional approach Third, to understand global justice in a way that takes account of the large differences 14 See C Beitz, ‘International Liberalism and Distributive Justice: ... life chances at global level Our attention should be focused on national governments and the policies they pursue, but also on the global market and how it operates, international institutions like the World Bank and the IMF, the international aid organizations, and so forth The question of global justice is a question about which set of institutional arrangements will bring about a globally fair allocation... 12 20 National Responsibility and Global Justice say instead that if global justice requires some form of world government, then so much the worse for national self-determination? To answer these questions we have, as Rawls says, to rely to some extent on ‘conjecture and speculation’, about, for instance, the depth of people’s attachment to their national communities, or the likely form of a global. .. contextual view of justice, there is no reason to separate principles of global justice from principles of social justice There are several ways of responding to this argument, but here I shall focus on one particularly salient difference between the national and global contexts of justice Social justice is justice practised among people who are citizens of the same political community Justice for them... justice There is a final challenge to my approach to global justice that I want to consider I have proposed that our thinking about global justice should primarily be focused on institutions: we should be looking at the institutions at global level that primarily determine people’s life chances, and asking which principles of justice apply to them In arguing for the separation of social and global justice, ... Debates in Global Justice (Dordrecht: Springer, 2005), 17; B Barry, ‘Statism and Nationalism: A Cosmopolitan Critique’, in I Shapiro and L Brilmayer (eds), Nomos 49: Global Justice (New York: New York University Press, 1999), 35–6; T Pogge, ‘Cosmopolitanism and Sovereignty’, in T Pogge (ed.), World Poverty and Human Rights (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2002), 169–70; Tan, Justice without Borders, 1 and 94 . to overcome this reluctance, by defending the idea of national 8 National Responsibility and Global Justice responsibility, and arguing that global inequalities between societies can be justified. endowed have obligations of justice to help provide them. On the other hand, human beings are choosing 6 National Responsibility and Global Justice agents who must take responsibility for their. also on the global market and how it operates, international institutions like the World Bank and the IMF, the international aid organizations, and so forth. The question of global justice is