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PAST PERFECT TENSE Duration Content 15 minutes 45 minutes Revision I Explanation and Structure (20 minutes): Grammar Explanation (5 minutes): Break down the structure of past perfect tense: Subject + had + past participle Highlight that "had" is the helping verb and the past participle is the main verb in its past participle form (e.g., eaten, gone, seen) Interactive Practice (10 minutes): Give students a few sentences in simple past tense and ask them to rewrite each sentence in past perfect tense -She visited Paris last summer -They watched a movie yesterday -He cooked dinner for his family -I completed my homework before dinner -The cat jumped onto the table II Usage and Context (20 minutes): Time Expressions (5 minutes): Explain that certain time expressions often signal the need for past perfect tense Provide examples of these expressions: "before," "after," "already," "by the time," etc Contextual Usage (15 minutes): Provide a short PAST PERFECT TENSE story or narrative that contains instances where past perfect tense would be appropriate Have students identify and underline these instances, discussing why past perfect tense is used in each case Sentence: By the time I arrived at the party, they had already eaten all the cake Explanation: In this sentence, the past perfect tense is used because the action of "eating the cake" (past perfect) happened before the action of "arriving at the party" (simple past) The past perfect shows the sequence of events and emphasizes that the cake was eaten before the arrival Sentence: After she had finished her work, she went out for a walk Explanation: Here, the past perfect tense "had finished" is used to indicate that the action of "finishing her work" was completed before the action of "going out for a walk." The past perfect clarifies the order of events Sentence: When we got to the cinema, the movie had already started Explanation: The past perfect tense "had already started" is used because the action of "starting the movie" occurred before the action of "getting to the cinema." The past PAST PERFECT TENSE perfect highlights that the movie began before their arrival Sentence: He was tired because he hadn't slept well the night before Explanation: In this case, the past perfect "hadn't slept" is used to indicate an action that was not completed before another past action The lack of sleep (past perfect) contributed to his tiredness (simple past) Sentence: After the guests had left, we cleaned up the house Explanation: The past perfect "had left" is used to show that the action of "leaving" happened before the action of "cleaning up." The past perfect helps to establish the sequence of events hour Exercises HOMEWORK Exercise 1: Sentence Transformation She walked to the park yesterday They watched a movie last night He cooked dinner for his family I visited Paris in 2019 We played soccer after school She read that book last week They visited their grandparents on the weekend He studied hard for the exam The cat chased the mouse around the house 10 We went to the beach on our vacation 11 She danced at the party PAST PERFECT TENSE 12 They cleaned the entire house 13 He finished his work before lunch 14 I met my old friend at the mall 15 We bought a new car last month Exercise 2: Time Expressions Sorting: Match each time expression with an appropriate action, and then use that combination to create a sentences in the past perfect tense Time expressions Before After By the time Already Yet Just Never Once As soon as Until When Verbs Walked Watched Cooked Visited Played Read Visited Studied Chased Went Received Exercise 3: Story Completion The Unforgettable Concert Last summer, my friends and I (go) to a music festival in the city Before the festival started, we (plan) this trip for months On the first day of the festival, we (arrive) early to get good seats The music (already play) when we got there The atmosphere was incredible, and we (dance) to the rhythm of the songs As the evening (approach), more and more people (gather) at the venue The main act was a band that we (love) since we were kids We (listen) to their music countless times before When they finally (come) on stage, the crowd (go) wild with excitement The lead singer's voice was even better than we remembered PAST PERFECT TENSE During their performance, they (play) all of our favorite songs We (sing) along at the top of our lungs At one point, I (realize) that my phone battery was almost dead I (forget) to charge it before leaving the hotel Just as the band (start) playing their biggest hit, my phone (die) I (want) to capture the moment by taking a video, but I couldn't My friends (take) some photos and promised to share them with me later After the concert (end), we (decide) to stay in the city for a few more days We (explore) the local attractions and (try) out different restaurants One evening, while we (have) dinner at a cozy cafe, I (receive) a message from my friend She (send) me a link to a video someone had recorded during the concert It turned out that someone from the crowd had captured the entire performance, including the moment when my phone (die) Even though I (miss) capturing that moment myself, I was grateful that someone else (capture) it It was a trip that we would all remember for years to come