[...]... Introduction 1.1 Micromixers and Mixing at the Microscale This book discusses the design, fabrication and characterization of micromixers, which are defined as miniaturized mixing devices for at least two different phases that can be liquids, solids or gases The structures of a micromixer are fabricated partially or wholly using microtechnology or precision engineering The characteristic channel size of micromixers.. . overall volume defined by a micromixer is from microliters to milliliters Compared to molecular size scales, the length scale and volume scale of micromixers are very large This fact leads to two key characteristics of micromixers Firstly, designing micromixers relies on manipulating the flow using channel geometry or external disturbances Secondly, while micromixers bring advantages and new features into... 1.2 Micromixers as Microreactors The last decade has witnessed increasing activities in the use of micro uidic technology in analytical chemistry and chemical production Mixing is the central process of most micro uidic devices for medical diagnostics, genetic sequencing, chemistry production, drug discovery, and proteomics The impact of micromixers on micro uidic systems for chemical analysis and. .. available microtechnologies for making micromixers Basic techniques of conventional silicon-based microtechnologies will be covered Since polymers are chemically and biologically compatible, polymeric micromachining will be the focus of this chapter Technologies for making mixing channel, for bonding and sealing are necessary for making a micromixer This chapter also discusses the design and fabrication.. . not cite and review everyone’s work, and apologies to colleagues who do not find their works reviewed here I would like to thank Dr Nigel Hollingworth, Publisher of the Micro and Nano Technologies Series of William Andrew Inc for his constant support during this book project Last but not least, I would like to express my love and gratitude to my wife Thuy-Mai and my two children Thuy-Linh and Nam-Tri,... gravity and surface forces are caused by a pressure gradient and viscous force, and both density and viscosity are constant, the NavierÀStokes equation can be derived from the general conservation equation (2.13):  Dv ¼ g À rp þ r2 v Dt (2.14) where  and  are the density and the dynamic viscosity of the fluid respectively In micromixers, we often encounter a pressure-driven flow in a straight microchannel... technology of microfluidics cover a wide spectrum ranging from fundamental studies to real applications in industry and laboratories This book focuses on an important subtopic of microfluidics, namely mixing at the microscale The science of such mixing has emerged from reports on newly fabricated devices building on an extensive collection of established knowledge Mixing at the microscale and micromixers.. . of transistors in integrated circuits Although micromixers for analysis and synthesis are different, some applications require both classes For instance, in combinatorial chemistry and screening microdevices, micromixers are analytical tools for information gathering and synthetic tools for providing minute quantities of products 1: Introduction 5 In micromixers for analysis, information gained from... the mixing tank Micromixing is mixing at the smallest scale of fluid motion and molecular motion In conventional macroscale mixing, the smallest scale of fluid motion is the size of turbulent eddies, also called the Kolmogorov scale Mesomixing is in the scale between macromixing and microscale Although micromixers may have dimensions on the order of micrometers, transport process in micromixers may still... sequential mixer and injection mixer Chapter 5 is dedicated to micromixers based on chaotic advection In contrast to the micromixers discussed in Chapter 4, this class of micromixers relies on bulk mass transport for mixing The general concepts for generating chaotic advection are stretching and folding of fluid streams These stretching and folding actions can be implemented in a planar design or in a . series and new book proposals please contact the Publisher, Dr. Nigel Hollingworth at nhollingworth@williamandrew.com. http://www.williamandrew.com/MNT MICROMIXERS Fundamentals, Design and Fabrication Nam-Trung. 1970- Micromixers : fundamentals, design and fabrication / Nam-Trung Nguyen. p. cm. – (Micro & nano technology series) ISBN 978-0-8155-1543-2 (alk. paper) 1. Fluidic devices–Congresses. 2. Microfluidics–Congresses all applicable safety and health standards. Contents Series Editor’s Preface ix Preface xi Acknowledgments xi Symbols xiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Micromixers and Mixing at the Microscale 1 1.2 Micromixers