[...]... Fundamentals and Simulation, Springer, New York, 2002 Koch, M., Evens, A., and Brunnshweiler, A., Microfluidic Technology and Applications, Research Studies Press, Hertfordshire, England, 2000 Li, D., Electrokinetics in Microfluidics, Interface Sciences and Technology, Vol 2, Elsevier Academic Press, London, UK, 2004 Mehregany, M., Nagarkar, P., Senturia, S., and Lang, J., Operation of microfavricated harmonic and. .. quickly and hasten its development effectively There are also a number of titles written by distinguished researchers in the field [a sample of them would include Gad-el-Hak (2002), Karniadakis and Beskok (2002), Koch et al (2000), Nguyen and Wereley (2002), and Li (2004)] MEMS related technologies, ranging from electrokinetics and microfabrication to applications, can be readily found in these and many... 3, and 10 can be assigned as overnight reading materials The book does not contain extensive updates and details on the current engineering microfluidic devices We feel that the book’s focus is on the fundamental aspects of mirofluid flows and there is a myriad of readily available information on the technologies and the many different microfluidic device applications that have been cleverly designed and. .. micro gas flows where the Knudsen number and the departure from local equilibrium are small It will be shown that the zeroth-order solution of the Chapman-Enskog theory leads to the Euler equations and the first-order solution results in the Navier-Stokes equations The linear constitutive relations between the stress and strain, and that between the heat transfer and temperature gradient, which are used... a detailed understanding of the fundamentals of microfluidic 4 Chapter One flows and to further validate their findings using computer microflow simulations The knowledge can then be used in either further studies of the microflows or in the practical design and control of microfludic devices References Gad-el-Hak, M., The MEMS Handbook, Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press, 2002 Karniadakis, G.E and Beskok, A., Microflows:... Institute of Technology We appreciate the help of Dr James Moss for reviewing a part of the manuscript Thanks should go to those at McGraw Hill who worked on the book and to those who reviewed it We should also thank Jin Su and Yang Yang for their work on the codes The first author (WWL) would like to thank the unconditional support and patience of his wife, Shiou-Huey Lee, during this writing and the love... and ordinary side-drive motor, IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical System Workshop, Napa Valley, CA, 1990 Nguyen, N.-T and Wereley, S., Fundamentals and Applications of Microfluidic, Artech House, Norwood, MA, 2002 Tai, Y., Fan, L., and Muller, R., IC-Processed micro-motors: Design, technology and testing, IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical System Workshop, Salt lake City, UT, 1989 Chapter 2 Basic Kinetic Theory... between the two molecules r is defined as r = r1 − r2 The pre- and the post-collision velocities of m1 relative to those of m2 are cr = c1 − c2 and ∗ cr = c∗ − c∗ 1 2 (2.3.5) From Eqs (2.3.2) and (2.3.5), one can write the pre-collision velocities in terms of the center of mass velocity and the relative velocity c1 = cm + m2 cr m1 + m2 c2 = cm − and m1 cr m1 + m2 (2.3.6) Equation (2.3.6) shows that c1 −... pre-collision velocities c1 and c2 , therefore, the post-collision velocities c∗ and c∗ can 1 2 ∗ be calculated if the angle between cr and cr is known This is called the angle of deflection χ The angle of deflection measures the change of direction of the relative velocity vectors due to a collision and can be obtained by examining the dynamics of the binary collision 2.3.2 Dynamics and postcollision properties... ratio of the potential and the kinetic energies For each r, there are two φ values, corresponding to the approach and the departure that are symmetric with respect to (r m , φm ) described by the zero of the square term That is 2 r m − b2 = 2 2r mU (r m ) 2 mr cr r m and φm are referred to as the distance and the angle of the closest approach, respectively The symmetry in the approach and the departure . Energy flux model for the preserved temperature 105 5.3.5 IP implementation procedures 107 5.4 DSMC-IP Computer Program and Applications 113 5.4.1 IP1D program 113 5.4.2 IP1D applications to microCouette. The computer program NB2D may be used, for example, as project exercises. The second part would emphasize the DSMC and the IP solution meth- ods, and their parallelization. The computer program. Scatter of DSMC and IP 119 Appendix 5A: Sampling from a Probability Distribution Function 124 Appendix 5B: Additional Energy Carried by Fast Molecules Crossing a Surface 127 Appendix 5C: One-Dimensional