[...]... and A Luque Chapter 18 Nanostructured Photovoltaics Materials Fabrication and Characterization 567 Ryne P Raffaelle Index 595 This page intentionally left blank CH001.qxd 11/11/2006 12:16 PM Page 1 PART I FUNDAMENTALS OF NANOSTRUCTURED SOLAR CELLS This page intentionally left blank CH001.qxd 11/11/2006 12:16 PM Page 3 Nanostructured Materials for Solar Energy Conversion T Soga... Chapter 1 Fundamentals of Solar Cell Tetsuo Soga Department of Environmental Technology and Urban Planning, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan 1 INTRODUCTION Solar cell is a key device that converts the light energy into the electrical energy in photovoltaic energy conversion In most cases, semiconductor is used for solar cell material The energy conversion consists... to improve solar cells regarding efficiency, manufacturing cost, consuming energy for the fabrication, etc This chapter begins with the basic semiconductor physics, which is necessary to understand the operation of p–n junction solar cell, and then describes the basic principles of p–n junction solar cell It ends with the concepts of solar cell using nanocrystalline materials Because the solar cells... Dye-Sensitized Nanostructured ZnO Electrodes for Solar Cell Applications .227 Gerrit Boschloo, Tomas Edvinsson and Anders Hagfeldt Chapter 9 Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells 255 Akira Fujishima and Xin-Tong Zhang PART IV ORGANIC- AND CARBON-BASED SOLAR CELLS Chapter 10 Nanostructure and Nanomorphology Engineering in Polymer Solar Cells 277 H Hoppe and N.S Sariciftci Chapter 11 Nanostructured. .. FUNDAMENTALS OF NANOSTRUCTURED SOLAR CELLS Chapter 1 Fundamentals of Solar Cell 3 Tetsuo Soga Chapter 2 Device Modeling of Nano-Structured Solar Cells 45 M Burgelman, B Minnaert and C Grasso Chapter 3 Optical and Electrical Modeling of Nanocrystalline Solar Cells 81 Akira Usami Chapter 4 Mathematical Modelling of the Refractive Index and Reflectivity of the Quantum Well Solar Cell ... (photon) energy producing electron–hole pairs in a semiconductor and charge carrier separation A p–n junction is used for charge carrier separation in most cases It is important to learn the basic properties of semiconductor and the principle of conventional p–n junction solar cell to understand not only the conventional solar cell but also the new type of solar cell The comprehension of the p–n junction solar. .. FILM SOLAR CELLS Chapter 5 Amorphous (Protocrystalline) and Microcrystalline Thin Film Silicon Solar Cells 131 R.E.I Schropp Chapter 6 Thin-Film Solar Cells Based on Nanostructured CdS, CIS, CdTe and Cu2S 167 Vijay P Singh, R.S Singh and Karen E Sampson CONTENTS.qxd 11/11/2006 xii 12:09 PM Page xii Table of Contents PART III DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS Chapter 7 TiO2-Based Dye-Sensitized Solar. .. Because the solar cells based on nanocrystalline materials are complicated compared with the conventional p–n junction solar cell, the fundamental phenomena are reviewed 2 FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES OF SEMICONDUCTORS [1–5] 2.1 Energy Band and Carrier Concentration The electrons of an isolated atom have discrete energy levels When atoms approach to form crystals, the energy levels split into separate but closely... photon energy and the wavelength l is given by c hc 1.2398 l ( mm ) ϭ ϭ ϭ v hv hv (eV ) CH001.qxd 11/11/2006 12:16 PM Page 11 11 Fundamentals of Solar Cell where c is the speed of light in vacuum The spectrum of the solar light energy spreads from the ultraviolet region (0.3 ␮m) to the infrared region (3 ␮m) Let us assume that a semiconductor is illuminated with solar light When the photon energy is... the semiconductor increases This phenomenon is called photoconductive effect For the practical p–n junction solar cell, the light-generated electrons and holes are separated by the internal electric field, which will be discussed in Section 3.2 Therefore, the photoconductivity gives very useful information on the performance of solar cell CH001.qxd 11/11/2006 12:16 PM Page 18 18 T Soga Let us calculate . w0 h0" alt="" Nanostructured Materials for Solar Energy Conversion PRELIMS.qxd 11/11/2006 12:08 PM Page i This page intentionally left blank Nanostructured Materials for Solar Energy Conversion Edited. announced the “PV Roadmap Toward 2030 (PV2030)” in which the target of production cost for PV module is 50 yen/W in 2030. It is expected that the PV power generation can supply approximately 50%. interest in photovoltaic (PV) solar cell is increasing rapidly as an alternative and clean energy source. Photovoltaic solar cells provide clean electrical energy because the solar energy is directly