[...]... California at Santa Barbara, USA 3 Conducting Polymers with Micro or Nanometer Structure and conducting polymers as functional materials hold an important position in the field of material sciences Up to date, a large number of articles, reviews and books dealing with conducting polymers has been published Among these books, “Handbook of Conducting Polymers (Ed T A Skotheim), Marcel Dekker, New York,... -conjugated PA could become conductor with a Conducting Polymers with Micro or Nanometer Structure conductivity of 103 S/cm by iodine doping [1] The unexpected discovery not only broken a traditional concept, which organic polymers were only regarded as the insulators, but also establishing a new filed of conducting polymers, which also called as “Synthetic Metals” According to a report of the Royal Swedish... chain or as the side chains that result in conducting polymers reserving light-weight and flexibility of conventional polymers Based on above descriptions, conducting polymers are intrinsic rather than conducting plasters prepared by a 6 Chapter 1 Introduction of Conducting Polymers physical mixture of insulating polymers with conducting fillers (e.g carbon or meter) [11] The differences of the conducting. .. radical cation [1] Based on above description, therefore, conducting polymers not only consist of -conjugated chain, but also containing counter-ions caused by doping This differs from conventional inorganic semiconductors, where the counterions are absent The special chain structure of 5 Conducting Polymers with Micro or Nanometer Structure conducting polymers results in their electrical properties being... energy between the valence band and conducting band, as presented by Eg The charge transport in semiconductor can be therefore expressed by following equation, (T ) 0 E T (1.3) where 0 is a constant, E the activation energy, the Borthman constant, T the temperature, respectively For a conducting polymer, solitons [13], polarons [14] 7 Conducting Polymers with Micro or Nanometer Structure and bipolarons... conductivity as T 0 is observed On the contrary, for insulator or semiconductor is a negative coefficient The symbol of is therefore can be used to distinguish between metal and semiconductor or insulator Metallic-like conductivity of conducting polymers at room temperature ( ~102 103 S/cm) has been observed [21] Moreover, the metallic properties of the doped conducting polymers (e g PA) have been revealed by... 11 Conducting Polymers with Micro or Nanometer Structure that single chain or intra-molecular transport, across inter-chain transport and inter-particle contact contribute to the overall conductivity of the conducting polymers, as measured by four-probe method It implies that these elements comprise a complicated resistive network, which determines the effective mobility of the carriers in the conducting. .. between inorganic semiconductors and conducting polymers are shown as follows: (1) Intrinsic of doping item in conducting polymers is an oxidation ( p-type doping) or reduction (n-type doping) process, rather than atom replacement in inorganic semiconductors Using PA as a sample, for instance, the reaction of pand n-doping is written as: Oxidation with halogen ( p-doping): [CH]n Reduction with alkali... about conducting polymers and related nanostructures Although a lot of good books and excellent reviews on conducting polymers and corresponding nanostructures have been widely published in the world, I was eager to share my knowledge and experience on studying conducting polymers and their nanostructures with other scientists, teachers and students who are interested in conducting polymers I therefore... conducting polymers [7] On the other hand, -conjugated chain of conducting polymers leads to insoluble and poor mechanical properties of conducting polymers, limiting their application in technology Thereby continue effort to improve solubility and to enhance mechanic strength of conducting polymers is needed 4 Chapter 1 Introduction of Conducting Polymers Figure 1.3 Molecular structure of typical conducting . polypyrrole (PPy), polyaniline (PANI), polythiophenes (PTH), poly (p- phenylene)(PPP), poly (p- phenylenevinylene)(PPV), and poly(2,5-thienyl- enevinylene)(PTV) have been reported as conducting polymers. Nano-Crystals and CP Composites 123 4.3 Physical Properties and Potential Application 124 4.3.1 Electrical and Transport Properties 124 4.3.2 Potential Applications 130 4.3.3 Nano-arrays or Nano-patents. alt="" Meixiang Wan Conducting Polymers with Micro or Nanometer Structure Meixiang Wan Conducting Polymers with Micro or Nanometer Structure With 106 figures AUTHOR: Prof. Meixiang Wan Institute