[...]... incorporate the most recent academic literature available after the data collection stage of the research was concluded Part I Measuring Political Institutionalization in the Baltic States, Russia, and Ukraine This page intentionally left blank Chapter 1 Conceptual Framework and Operational Indicators of Political Institutionalization Two Waves of the Political Institutionalization Research USING SOMEWHAT... between institutionalization of single parties and party systems? The mainstream literature on the subject does not, in fact, differentiate between institutionalization of these two units Beginning with the seminal works by Samuel Huntington, most publications approach institutionalization of individual parties and party systems interchangeably: the implication being that the institutionalization of single... constitute comparative analyses of political party systems in African and Latin American countries respectively Although the authors of these two studies arrived at somewhat different sets of institutionalization criteria, their theoretical frameworks contain several identical dimensions and indicators of the concept For example, they name stability in the rules and the nature of interparty competition as an... Russia) Partiya Rossiyskogo Edinstva i Soglasiya (Party of Russian Unity and Accord) Soyuz Pravykh Sil (Union of Rightist Forces) Ukraine CPU NDP SPU SDPU (U) UNA UNSO Communist Party of Ukraine Narodno-Demokratychna Partiya (Popular Democratic Party) Sotsialistychna Partiya Ukrainy (Socialist Party of Ukraine) Sotsial-Demokratychna Partiya Ukrainy (Ob”ednana) (Social Democratic Party of Ukraine -... measure different dimensions of political institutionalization For instance, if Panebianco studies party discipline as one of the indicators of the degree of autonomy, Mainwaring and Scully employ the same indicator to explore their dimension of party organization * * * Using Institutionalization to Study Political Parties Although no scholars have arrived at the same set of dimensions of political institutionalization, ... Countries and change in principle functions; and (3) system stability: no precise indicators are offered * * * Studies of Political Parties and Party Systems Any scholar who studies institutionalization of political parties and party systems faces the problem of the unit of analysis Should the main emphasis of a study be on individual political parties, party systems, or both? Are there any differences... chapters The main conclusion is that Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia, and Ukraine reveal strikingly different patterns of institutionalization of their party systems Part 2 attempts to explain different dynamics and levels of political institutionalization in the five nations Chapter 7 explores the role of the old Communist elites in the late 1980s and the early 1990s during the genetic stage of party- system... institutionalization of the party system directly depends on that of individual parties.5 Since individual political parties constitute integral parts of the whole party system, institutionalization of separate parties as well as institutionalization of interaction patterns among the elements of the party system contribute to the overall institutionalization of the party system Although a number of scholars employed the. .. Ta b l e s 5.1 Two Indexes of Electoral Volatility in the Baltic States, Russia, and Ukraine 5.2 Stability of the Party Systems in the Baltic States, Russia, and Ukraine, 1991–2004 6.1 Levels of Political Institutionalization in the Five Countries 7.1 Removal of the Provision on the Leading Party Role (Article 6) from the Soviet Constitution and the Constitutions of the Five Countries 9.1 Mean Seat... parties received an additional boost after the publication of Angelo Panebianco’s Political Parties: Organization and Power in 1988, which became an instant classic in the political parties literature soon after its release In his own words, Panebianco attempted to “adapt the theory of institutionalization to the case of political parties in order to permit a dynamic analysis of the organizational . Electoral Volatility in the Baltic States, Russia, and Ukraine 100 5.2 Stability of the Party Systems in the Baltic States, Russia, and Ukraine, 1991–2004 106 6.1 Levels of Political Institutionalization. xv Introduction 1 Part I Measuring Political Institutionalization in the Baltic States, Russia, and Ukraine 1. Conceptual Framework and Operational Indicators of Political Institutionalization 9 2. Autonomy. serves as a theoretical framework for the next five chapters that examine and assess the degree of party- system autonomy and stability in the Baltic states, Russia, and Ukraine. Chapter 2 investigates