[...]... countries, cases of foreign origin represent a high and increasing proportion of TB cases By contrast, in the FSU, the 61 percent increase in TB reporting rates between 1995 and 2000 suggests increasing TB incidence, but in some countries it may also indicate improved reporting Increasing incidence and high levels of drug resistance indicate a reduced performance of TB control programs in a time of socio-economic... groups Training on new screening methods for HIV will need to be done in the future as these technologies are developed and disseminated 4) Technical Assistance and Lending In the context of sector work and Bank-financed operations in the health sector and other sectors, the Bank will continue to assist regional Governments in adopting and satisfactorily implementing HIV/AIDS, STIs, and TB Strategies In Kazakhstan,... Source: Hamers FF and Downs AM HIV in Central and Eastern Europe Lancet February 28, 2003 mariners, the homeless, refugees, migrant workers, and trafficked women are also among the highly vulnerable groups, including in neighboring countries such as China Therefore, it is expected that the incidence of HIV will increase among them in Central Asia as well Trafficking of drugs, and women and children for... increased over 30 times In 1994, there were approximately 30,000 people living with HIV/AIDS in Eastern Europe and Central Asia out of a total population of 450 million By the end of 1999, there were an estimated 420,000 adults and children living with HIV/AIDS in Eastern Europe and Central Asia In 2001, there were an estimated 250,000 new infections in the region, raising the number of people living... populations, and sex partners of highrisk group members CHAPTER 2 HIV/AIDS AND TUBERCULOSIS IN EASTERN EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA I n Eastern Europe and Central Asia, HIV incidence is rising faster than in any other region of the world The world’s steepest HIV curve in 1999 was recorded in the Russian Federation, where the proportion of the population living with HIV doubled between end-1997 and end-1999 In seven... Bank President to Central Asia, during which he agreed with regional Governments that HIV/AIDS would be one of the three priority areas for the Bank’s work in the region, along with water and energy Following this initial work, the Country and Sector Units agreed to carry out the Central Asia HIV/AIDS and TB Country Profiles and additional studies on AIDS The Central Asia HIV/AIDS and TB Country Profiles... cooperation include stigma, which is notably evident in the sub region Key sectors include health, education, military, prisons and labor All of these have been addressed effectively in other HIV/AIDS and TB prevention efforts in other regions, and there is sufficient evidence to consider similar approaches in Central Asia 3) Capacity building In particular, training in technical areas is needed in the sub... implementation throughout the country Health System Issues in Central Asia Initial estimates of actual and projected cases of HIV and AIDS are based on incomplete and unreliable information Three sources of data are used in the Country Profiles: official statistics (passively collected in most cases); Government and NGO estimates of IDUs and other groups at risk; and occasional sentinel surveillance data (special... Several international NGOs and organizations have been assisting the Governments of Central Asia to adopt and implement the DOTS Strategy, and they have also had a key role in surveillance, diagnosis, and treatment of TB in the region WHO provides technical assistance for DOTS implementation throughout Central Asia USAID/CAR, through Project HOPE and CDC, has been assisting DOTS pilot projects in all Central. .. UBERCULOSIS IN C ENTRAL A SIA 13 should continue to assist the Government in preparing and implementing an HIV/AIDS operation funded by an IDA grant, and continue supporting TB activities in the country. 7 Recommendations for Additional Studies 1) HIV/AIDS The Bank is preparing for publication the Central Asia HIV/AIDS study, which aims to identify strategies to ensure early and effective interventions . Tadesse Anatoly Vinokur WORLD BANK WORKING PAPER NO. 20 HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis in Central Asia NO. 20 HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis in Central Asia Country Profiles HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis in Central Asia: . Epidemic in Central Asia 2 Table 2 The HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Central Asia 2 Table 3 Newly Diagnosed HIV Infections in Central Asia 3 Table 4 TB Case Notification Rates (%) in Central Asia 6 Table. DOTS pilot projects in all Central Asian countries, including in prisons. This assistance includes upgrading surveillance systems and laboratories and training TB specialists and other health professionals