[...]... support the work, to make it quicker to do with more consistent results, and to provide high levels of confidence in the output .The process of design and implementation of a GIS begins with people and their needs and ends up with applications in the hands of people who do the work .The entire system exists to support them and their tasks The applications come next in the hierarchy because they define the. .. coordinated the committee, estimated it took 10 to15 percent of his time over the period, 5 to10 percent of the time of four other members of a steering committee, and less than 5 percent for the other members of the committee At around the time of the completion of the draft, the sponsoring governor lost his election, several key supporters retired, and the new governor appointed a new committee The committee,... all of the needs are for the users of the system This includes Assessing the Current Users determining the users who will benefit from the technology and which functions they perform will benefit the most, the applications of the technology in these functions, the data that will be needed to support these applications, the most appropriate software to support these applications using this data, and the. .. knowledge of the technology, and this person became the champion of the system The champion developed what was necessary to support the needs of his or her department, and the resulting systems were often very focused around this department’s processes Many systems failed because the champion of the system left the agency or was too busy with other duties to properly maintain the system, and it languished... positively about the benefits to the organizations that go beyond the cost and times savings the GIS might provide An enterprise GIS database is a gathering point for different units, and how they come together in its creation and maintenance usually benefits the organization in some unexpected ways There is a consistent look and feel to output In the process of design and implementation of this kind of database... the users of the system Applications — the processes and programs they use to do their work Data — the information needed to support those applications Software — the core GIS software Hardware — the physical components on which the system runs Versions of these components of a GIS have been circulating in the literature and vendor brochures for years.They certainly predate GIS specifically and are applicable... users, including their frequency of use, level of computer proficiency, and receptiveness to change Frequency of Use The users of a GIS can be broken down into four major types based of the function they will perform with respect to the system itself These categories are described in the following list Each defines the role that a user will play in the system and the level of expertise that they will need... one), and the system will require software to access, manage, and manipulate the data so that the application can generate a useful product The data support the application, and if there were no software for data storage and retrieval, the application would have to get done somehow Before the 1970s and the advent of relational database 3 Introduction 4 management systems (RDBMSs) in business and government,... through the database In a complex organization there are many different departments or units with unique missions and goals When they come together in the creation of an enterprise GIS, they become aware of other units’ needs for information and begin to see their own needs in a different light People in almost all of the organizations that undertake and successfully complete the implementation of an... to first educate the users about all of the different basic functions that a GIS can perform Once they are educated, the functions they perform and the amount of time they spend performing each function can be documented.These functions can then be analyzed and classified into different types of potential applications, whether or not mapping is used in the function and whether or not there is a spatial . alt="" The Design and Implementation of Geographic Information Systems