[...]... within Acoustics 3 Acoustics Acoustics is the science of sound and of its accompanying auditory events This book deals with engineering acoustics Synonyms for engineering acoustics are applied acoustics and technical acoustics 1.2 Specialized Areas within Acoustics In Fig 1.1 (a) we present a schematic of a transmission system as it is often used in communication technology A source renders information... recent major acoustics conference are illustrative of the broadness of the field: Active acoustic systems, audiological acoustics, audio technology, building acoustics, bioacoustics, electroacoustics, vehicle acoustics, evaluation of noise, hydro -acoustics, structure-borne sound, noise propagation, noise protection, effects of noise, education in acoustics, acoustic-measurement engineering, musical acoustics, ... musical acoustics, medical acoustics, numerical acoustics, physical acoustics, psychoacoustics, room acoustics, virtual reality, vibration technology, acoustic and auditory signal processing, speech-and-language processing, flow acoustics, ultrasound, virtual acoustics Accordingly, a large variety of professions can be found that deal with acoustics, including a variety of engineers, such as audio, biomedical,... coupled (singlecoil) transformer Both lever and single-coil transformer are triple-port elements Figure 3.3 illustrates the isomorphic relationships for the free-floating lever in static equilibrium for both kinds of electromechanic analogies Fig 3.3 Ideal one-coil transformers as electric analogies for the free-floating mechanic lever l lever length, ν number of turns, nt transformation ratio In the... binaural technology, auditory displays, mobile phones, and many others Acoustics in the context of the information and communication technologies and sciences is nowadays called communication acoustics In this book we shall, however, concentrate on the classical aspects of engineering acoustics, particularly on physical acoustics and electroacoustics To this end, we shall make use of the following theoretical... → log x = log a + y log ω (1.13) For integer potencies, y = ± n with n = 1, 2, 3, · · ·, we arrive at slopes of ± n · 6 dB/oct for sound pressure, displacement, and particle velocity, and of ± n · 3 dB/oct for power and intensity For decades the respective values are ≈ 20 dB/dec resp ≈ 10 dB/dec Functions with different potencies of ω are actually quite frequent in acoustics They result from differential... such in which a mass to which no force is applied moves with constant velocity along a linear trajectory As origin of the coordinate system we usually use “ground”, which is a mass taken as infinite Gravitation forces are not considered here In acoustics, the compliance, n, is often preferred to its reciprocal, the stiffness, k = 1/n, as this leads to formula notations that engineers are more accustomed... responses as a function of frequency for constant-amplitude forced excitation, (a) velocity, (b) elongation When varying the frequency of excitation slowly, we observe functions of ξ(ω) and v(ω) as schematically shown in Fig 2.5 For simple oscillators these curves have a single peak In this example, for a case of subcritical damping with Q ≈ 2, we have kept the exciting force constant over frequency The... analogies For electrical engineers, dealing with mechanic and acoustic networks in terms of their electric analogies often means transforming uncommon problems into common ones, which is why they often prefer this method Nevertheless, it is always possible to deal with the problems in their original form as well The following fundamental relations are to be considered when selecting coordinates for analogous... is called physical acoustics The fields that deal with sound reception and auditory information processing by human listeners are called psychoacoustics and physiological acoustics The first of these focuses on the relationship between the sound and the auditory events associated with it, and the second deals with sound-induced physiological processes in the auditory system and brain Acoustics as a discipline .