Participatory Rural Appraisal: Training Manual Integrated Commune Development Planning Participatory Rural Appraisal Training Manual Integrated Commune Development Planning (Integrated CDP) in Quang Ngai Province merges household and community needs with available Programs, Projects and funding sources This Participatory Rural Appraisal ‘Training Manual’ is used by Commune People’s Committees and District People’s Committees This Manual outlines the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) training course outline, training sessions and training approaches applied in Integrated CDP to train Facilitators in PRA Quang Ngai Province—2006 Participatory Rural Appraisal: Training Manual FOREWORD Integrated Commune Development Planning (Integrated CDP) aims to improve planning in Quang Ngai Province through merging community needs with available projects, programs and funding resources Integrated CDP Guidelines were developed and approved by the Provincial People’s Committee on July 2006 (PPC Decision No 1611/QD-UBND) Integrated CDP will be conducted in 76 Communes in Districts in Quang Ngai Province in 2006 Nine Steps are conducted under Integrated CDP: • Step 1: PRA Training to Facilitators and PRA Field Exercises • Step 2: Provincial and District Orientation Plan Workshops to outline available projects, programs and funding sources for Communes for the following year • Step 3: The Commune People’s Committee reports the implementation status of 2006 Plan and drafts mandatory targets (including State revenue/expenditure) and Guidance targets for the following year’s Plan • Step 4: Village Planning Meetings to identify priority household and community problems and activities • Step 5: The Commune People’s Committee finalises the Commune Plan at a Commune Plan Preparation Meeting and submits the Plan to the Commune Communist Party Committee and Commune People’s Council Standing Committee for ratification • Step 6: The Commune Plan is submitted to the District People’s Committee via the District Planning and Finance Division for approval • Step 7: The Commune Plan is prepared for implementation with a Commune Plan Feedback Meeting • Step 8: Monitoring and Evaluation of the Commune Plan by the Commune People’s Committee • Step 9: The Commune People’s Committee prepares a list of priority projects not funded under the current Commune Plan and submits to the Commune People’s Council for consideration and possible funding in the following year This Participatory Rural Appraisal ‘Training Manual’ was prepared for Commune and District People’s Committees to train Facilitators that will conduct Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) Field Exercises conducted under Integrated CDP Guidance is given on the PRA Training Course outline, training approaches, facilitation skills and methods to teach Facilitators on how to conduct PRA Tools Facilitators will conduct PRA Field Exercises with households in Villages The PRA results are presented to households at Village Planning Meetings and form a foundation for the preparation of the Commune Plan Department of Planning and Investment—DPI Quang Ngai Rural Development Program — RUDEP Funded by the People of Viet Nam and Australia 96 Nguyen Nghiem Street Quang Ngai City Quang Ngai Province 37 Pham Van Dong Street Quang Ngai City Quang Ngai Province Socialist Republic of Viet Nam Socialist Republic of Viet Nam Telephone: 055—055—822 868 Telephone: 055—816 265 Fax: 055-825 701 Fax: 055-816 260 Email: skhdt@quangngai.gov.vn Email: adminqnrdp@dng.vnn.vn Website: www.quangngai.gov.vn Website: www.rudep.org The printing of this Manual was funded by the Quang Ngai Rural Development Program All illustrations were drawn by Mr Duong Huu Nghia Integrated Commune Development Planning Participatory Rural Appraisal: Training Manual PRA Training Course Agenda DAY Session Time Duration (Minutes) 8:00 30 8:30 40 9:10 20 - 9:30 15 9:45 45 Introduction and Purpose of PRA 10:30 60 Roles and Purpose of Facilitators - 11:30 120 13:30 60 Historical Timelines 14:30 60 Village Resource Mapping - 15:30 15 15:45 60 Transect Walks 16:45 15 Day Review and Conclusions Topic Welcome, Introduction of Trainees and Ice-Breaker Introduction to PRA Training Course for Facilitator Overview of Integrated Commune Development Planning Agenda and Trainer/Trainee Agreement MORNING TEA LUNCH AFTERNOON TEA DAY 10 8:00 20 Day Review and Day Activities 11 8:20 60 Wealth Ranking - 9:20 15 12 9:35 60 Seasonal Calendars 13 10:35 60 Linkage Diagrams - 11:30 120 14 13:30 60 Matrix Scoring and Ranking 15 14:30 60 Problem-Cause-Effect-Solution Trees - 15:30 15 16 15:45 30 Review of PRA Tools 17 16:15 45 Preparation for PRA Field Exercises (Morning Day 3) MORNING TEA LUNCH AFTERNOON TEA DAY 18 7:30 20 Welcome and introduction to Integrated CDP and PRA Field Exercises 19 7:50 130 PRA Tool Exercises 20 10:00 60 PRA Field Exercise Review with households - 11:30 120 21 13:30 90 - 15:00 15 21 15:15 30 Review of PRA Field Exercise 22 15:45 45 Presentations at Village Planning Meetings 23 16:15 45 Training Course Review, Conclusion and Closing LUNCH Review of PRA Field Exercise AFTERNOON TEA Integrated Commune Development Planning Participatory Rural Appraisal: Training Manual Participatory Rural Appraisal: Tools PRA TOOLS PURPOSE • Visual map to represent the Village and different resource types and how these are used • Identify resources that are scarce or abundant and propose opportunities to develop Facilitates discussion on the status, problems and potential of different land types • Discuss problems and the causes of problems associated with land use • Identify household perceptions of wealth classes in a Village or Hamlet • Identify the resources and characteristics of each wealth class • Wealth class of individual households in a Village • Exercise to identify and discuss seasonal events and activities (cropping, livestock, migration, income/ expenditure) • Identify and analyse household farming systems, resources and their uses • Identify options and activities to improve household farming systems, resource productivity and income • Analyse preferences of households of different income generating activities and reasons for preferences • Analyse common problems or issues and score or rank these in order of importance (e.g health or social problems) • Wealth Ranking Discuss the effect (influences) of key points in history • Transect Walks Identify key points and trends throughout history of a Commune or Village—either positive or negative • Village Resource Mapping • • Historical Timelines Understand the history of the Village and Commune Highlights the compounding causes and effects of a specific problems faced by households in a Village • Propose activities to overcome some of the causes and effects of problem faced by households in a Village Seasonal Calendars Linkage Diagrams Matrix Scoring and Ranking Problem-Cause-Effect-Solution Trees Integrated Commune Development Planning Participatory Rural Appraisal: Training Manual PRA Training Course for Facilitators: Preparation Integrated Commune Development Planning Participatory Rural Appraisal: Training Manual PRA Training Course for Facilitators—Preparation Training Courses require a great deal of preparation You need to prepare well for the PRA Training Course for Facilitators to ensure that the Course runs well Here are some items that you should prepare before the Training Course Facilitators • Trainers and the Commune People’s Committee need to arrange a date for the Training Course Ensure that the Commune People’s Committee confirms the date and sends invitation letters to the Facilitators (‘Trainees’) • Each Training Course requires materials—you need to prepare sufficient pens, A0/A4 paper, chalk and refreshments for the Training Course • Presentations are required for the Training Course —prepare these in advance carefully • The morning of Day involves are PRA Field Exercise with households—this provides an opportunity for the Facilitators (Trainees) to practice the PRA Tools with households • Arrange this PRA Field Exercise with the Commune People’s Committee in one of the Villages in the Commune • Roles of Trainers This Training Course is delivered to Facilitators in each Commune • PRA Field Exercise (Day 3) Facilitators need to be identified in each Commune • Training Materials Facilitators are required to conduct PRA Field Exercises • Timing and Dates • Confirm the number of households that will attend—and ensure that there are sufficient number of women • Three Trainers conduct the Training Course • It is best when the Trainers share training responsibilities • Go through the Agenda of the Training Course and discuss which trainer will be the Trainer for each part of the Agenda Participatory Rural Appraisal: Training Manual Identifying Facilitators in each Commune Facilitators are extremely important and you need to be careful about people from each Commune that will play the role of a Facilitator Facilitators need to be identified before PRA Training Courses for Facilitators Here is some background information to help you and the Commune People’s Committee identify good Facilitators Encourage Women! Integrated Commune Development Planning • Communes that have few households or a small number of Villages don’t need many Facilitators (only 10-15 Facilitators) • Communes with a large number of households and many Villages will require up to 20 Facilitators Collect background information on each Commune— particularly the number of Villages and households—this will help you and the Commune People’s Committee identify an appropriate number of Facilitators • It is better to have a small number of good and enthusiastic Facilitators—don’t go for quantity! • It is always better to have dedicated and enthusiastic Facilitators rather than 10 unenthusiastic and lazy Facilitators Pay close attention to the ‘Characteristics of Good Facilitators’ —this should provide a foundation for selecting Facilitators in each Commune and Village • Facilitators have to dedicate a lot of time to attend Training Courses and facilitate PRA Field Exercises and Village Planning Meetings—make sure that you invite people that reliable and dedicated • Mistakes are often made when people select their friends or relatives to act as Facilitators—this will cause problems if they don’t possess the characteristics of good Facilitators • Discuss Criteria of Facilitators before Selecting The number of Facilitators required for each Commune will vary • Facilitators—Quality is Better than Quantity! • • How Many Facilitators are Required for each Commune? Women need to be encouraged to be Facilitators—each Commune should have at least 40% of Facilitators being women • Female Facilitators will conduct PRA Field Exercises with groups of women to identify issues and opportunities according to women Participatory Rural Appraisal: Training Manual Setting a Date for the PRA Training Course for Facilitators You need to set a date with the Commune People’s Committee for the PRA Training Course for Facilitators Confirm the number of Facilitators (Trainees), the Training Course location and prepare for the PRA Field Exercise conducted on the morning of Day Here is some useful information to help you and the Commune People’s Committee prepare Meet with the Commune People’s Committee • Meet with the Commune People’s Committee to confirm a date for the PRA Training Course for Facilitators • The Training Course is full days in duration—confirm these dates don’t clash with other activities Confirm the Number of Facilitators (Trainees) • Confirm whether any Commune People’s Committee or Mass Movement Officials will also attend the Training Course • Request the names of all Facilitators and confirm the number of Trainees Training Location • Agree with the Commune People’s Committee on the Training Course location • Check that the location is suitable and appropriate for the number of Trainees • Visit the location with the Commune People’s Committee and think about any additional materials or equipment that you might need (e.g chairs, etc.) • The Morning of Day of the Training Course involves a PRA Field Exercise • This is conducted with 20-25 households in one Village in the Commune and provides an opportunity for Facilitators to test the PRA Tool and their facilitation skills • Discuss with the Commune People’s Committee about a Village and location where the PRA Field Exercise will be conducted • Check the location of the PRA Field Exercise with the Commune People’s Committee and confirm that it is suitable • Remember to request the Commune People’s Committee to invite households to participate in the PRA Field Exercise—make sure that 50% of people invited are women Preparation for PRA Field Exercise (Day 3) Participatory Rural Appraisal: Training Manual Preparation of Training Materials It is very important to prepare sufficient Training Materials for the Training Course Here is some useful information on the Training Materials required and their purpose A0 Paper • About 50 A0 sheets of paper are required for the Training Course • These are used record discussion during the Course and the results of PRA Field Exercises • You need to prepare A0 presentations of PRA Tools—these are used to demonstrate to Trainees how to conduct each PRA Tool • These need to be prepared by the Trainers in advance—make sure that they are colourful and easy for Trainees to see • You will need a box of Marker Pens for the Training Course • Make sure that you have blue, black and red Marker Pens • Look after the Marker Pens—they will run out if you don’t take good care of them • Coloured Cards are small pieces of coloured paper about onethird A4 size • The different coloured cards are used to record ideas and results of Trainees/Trainers and are stuck on A0 paper during the Training Course • Coloured Cards are also used to highlight difficulties, opportunities and activities proposed by households during PRA Field Exercises A4 Paper, Pens and Folders • A4 paper and Folders are required for Trainees during the PRA Field Exercises • The A4 paper and Folders are used to record the results of the PRA Field Exercises Chalk and Coloured Pens • Coloured chalk is used to conduct some of the PRA Tools (e.g Village Resource Mapping and Linkage Diagrams) - use the chalk to draw items on the ground • Coloured pens are used for drawing on A0 results of PRA Tools and make results more visual and easier for households to understand • Rope is sometimes needed to hang A0 paper at the front of the room • Clips are needed to attach A0 paper on rope to present results • Masking tape is used to stick Coloured Card and other items on A0 paper and PRA Tools A0 PRA Tools Marker Pens Coloured Cards Additional Materials Integrated Commune Development Planning Participatory Rural Appraisal: Training Manual Roles of Trainers You are now nearly prepared for your PRA Training Course for Facilitators Before you start, the Trainers need to discuss training roles Here are some suggestions that you might want to consider: Review the Training Course Agenda • The Trainers need to review the Agenda of the PRA Training Course for Facilitators • Go through the Agenda with each other and make sure that you all understand the Training Session Plans and the steps involved Agree on Training Roles • The Agenda of the PRA Training Course Facilitators is outlined on Page and • Nominate a ‘Lead Trainer’ for the Training Course—this person will guide all Training Sessions, the Trainers and Trainees • Go through the Agenda and agree on which Trainer will train each Training Session • The nominated Trainer of each Session is helped by the remaining two Trainers • The nominated Trainer for each Session is responsible for the preparation of all materials and preparation required for that Session • Check the materials and preparation required for each Session—make sure that it is all prepared before the Training Course Preparation of Training Materials Integrated Commune Development Planning 10 Participatory Rural Appraisal: Training Manual Session 16: Review of PRA Tools Tips for the Trainer! • Before conducting Session 16, the Trainers should sit together during Afternoon Tea break and think about which Tools the Trainees might be struggling with—you can pay more attention to these when conducting Session 16 and reviewing the PRA Tools Integrated Commune Development Planning 44 Participatory Rural Appraisal: Training Manual Session 17: Preparation for PRA Field Exercise (Day 3) Learning Outcomes At the end of this session, participants will: • Understand the activities conduct during the PRA Field Exercise on Day • Prepare for the PRA Field Exercise and agree on which Trainee (Facilitator!) will conduct each PRA Tool Duration: Materials: • • Coloured Cards • 45 minutes Blank A0 Paper Marker pens TIME, TOPIC AND METHOD Time Topic Method and Materials Explain to the Trainees that on the Morning of Day there is a PRA Field Exercise in one Village in the Commune Explain what a PRA Field Exercise is and how it is conducted: • • Each household group works with a Facilitator • The household groups and Facilitators conduct different PRA Tools • 15’ The households break into groups of 4—8 households per group • Introduction to PRA Field Exercises A PRA Field Exercise is conducted with 20—25 people (‘households’) in a Village or Hamlet The results of the PRA Tools conducted by each group are reviewed and discussed Explain that household groups and Facilitators conduct different PRA Tools • Each household group and Facilitator conduct PRA Tools • The PRA Tools that household groups and Facilitators conduct have a similar topic—ask the Trainees some PRA Tools that could be conducted together! Give the Trainees some background information on the PRA Field Exercise that will be conducted on Day 3: • • 5’ Agenda and Other Items to Prepare Location Number of households attending (men and women) • Starting time Explain that items that have to be prepared before the PRA Field Exercise on Day 3: • • Presentations on PRA and Integrated Commune Development Planning • Integrated Commune Development Planning Materials (A0 paper, marker pens, coloured cards, etc) Agenda 45 Participatory Rural Appraisal: Training Manual Session 16: Review of PRA Tools TIME, TOPIC AND METHOD (continued) Time Topic Method and Materials Use A0 paper to prepare the Agenda for the PRA Field Exercise on Day You need to ensure all Trainees understand the activities that will be conducted at the PRA Field Exercise • Prepare a simple Agenda that Trainees can copy down and take with them to the PRA Field Exercise Introduction to PRA and Integrated Commune Development Planning • 20’ PRA Tools and Facilitators Encourage one of the Facilitators to this—go over the Presentation with the chosen Presenter to make them feel more comfortable Based on the number of households and number of Facilitators, households groups and Facilitators will now be outlined • Each Group should have a Topic (e.g livestock, women’s health, natural resources, household farming systems, household resources, etc.) • Outline the PRA Tools that each group will conduct based on the topic—each group should only perform PRA Tools • Make sure that you group common similar PRA Tools together Identify which Facilitator will work with which household group • Nominate a Facilitator for each PRA Tool • Remember to nominate a Recorder Review the Agenda with the Trainees—make sure everyone understands their role Explain the roles that the Trainers will play at the PRA Field Exercises 5’ Agreement on the PRA Field Exercise Agenda • Support and assist Trainees (Facilitators) when needed • Assist in the Review of the PRA Results Thank everyone for their attendance on Day and remind them not to be late the following morning! Tips for the Trainer! • Before conducting Session 17, Trainers should think about the number of household groups in advance— choose a topic for each group and think about the PRA Tools that will be conducted Ask the Trainees to think about the PRA Tools that should be used for each topic to test their knowledge! Integrated Commune Development Planning 46 Participatory Rural Appraisal: Training Manual Session 18: PRA Field Exercise—Introduction to the PRA Field Exercise and Integrated CDP Learning Outcomes At the end of this session, households will know: • Steps involved in Integrated CDP and the role of PRA in the planning process • The application of PRA results in Integrated CDP Duration: Materials: • • 20 minutes A0 sheet with the Steps involved in Integrated CDP A0 Planning diagram to summarise Integrated CDP TIME, TOPIC AND METHOD Time Topic Method and Materials Welcome the Households and thank them for their attendance 5’ Overview of Integrated Commune Development Planning Use the A0 sheet with the Steps involved in Integrated CDP to inform the households on the planning process Summarise Integrated CDP by using the A0 planning diagram Use the same two A0 sheets to outline and emphasise the steps that involve the participation of households • 5’ PRA Field Exercises • Village Planning Meetings Household Participation in Integrated Commune Devel- Explain briefly the activities that are conducted during the PRA Field Exercise opment Planning Emphasize once again that PRA Field Exercises and Village Planning Meetings are Steps under Integrated CDP that collect information on the difficulties and priority activities of households • This information is used to prepare the Commune Plan Explain that Households will split into Groups • Steps Involved in PRA Field Exercises Integrated Commune Development Planning • Each group will conduct PRA Tools—these a exercises to identify the current status, difficulties and opportunities according to households in the Village • 5’ Each group will work on a different topic (e.g livestock, natural resources, health problems, household resources, etc.) Each group will work with a Facilitator 47 Participatory Rural Appraisal: Training Manual Session 18: PRA Field Exercise—Introduction to the PRA Field Exercise and Integrated CDP TIME, TOPIC AND METHOD (continued) Time Topic Method and Materials Introduce the Facilitators that will work with household groups—make sure that all households can see the Facilitators 5’ PRA Tools and Facilitators Explain the number of household groups there will be and the topic that each group will work on • Introduce the Facilitators for each of these groups Read out the names of households that will work in each group and request that move to a location with each Facilitator Tips for the Trainer! • The Trainers and Trainees (Facilitators!) should discuss before the PRA Field Exercise on the number of households groups and review any modifications to the Agenda • Discuss with the Facilitators before the Introduction about the locations where they will conduct their PRA Tools—this will make it much easier to split households into groups Integrated Commune Development Planning 48 Participatory Rural Appraisal: Training Manual Session 19: PRA Field Exercise—PRA Tool Exercises Learning Outcomes At the end of this session, the households and Trainees (Facilitators) will have: • Conducted the PRA Tools for the topic the group will analyse • Identified the status, issues, opportunities and activities to conditions and resources in the Village Duration: Materials: • • Coloured Cards • Marker Pens • 130 minutes A0 Paper Folders and A4 paper TOPIC AND METHOD Topic Method and Materials This is designed to assist Trainers when Trainees are conducting the PRA Field Exercise on Day Trainers should follow the work of each Trainee (Facilitator) and household group It is important to support Trainees—not criticize them— remember that Trainees respond better to a supportive Trainer Record any problems or issues that you find Trainees encounter You can go through some of these issues at the Review that will be conducted in the afternoon It is important for Trainers to keep a little notebook and record problems or difficulties that Trainees face—you will use this to facilitate discussion when reviewing the PRA Field Exercise Check that Facilitators are comfortable with the PRA Tools and are applying them correctly • • PRA Tools Record any problems and write down methods to overcome these Identify any facilitation improvements that could be made for each of the PRA Tools Assist the Trainees if they are having troubles—the Trainer facilitates for a short period of time and then encourages the Trainee (Facilitator) to take over • Remember to show enthusiasm and encourage the Trainee (Facilitator) and households Observe the overall facilitation skills of the Trainees when conducting the PRA Tools • Look at the interaction of Trainees (Facilitators) with the households—are all households participating and involved in the PRA Tools? • Are seating arrangements adequate and create an environment for all households and the Facilitator to interact? • Are the households enthusiastic and is the Facilitator encouraging enthusiasm among the households Facilitation Skills Observe if men and women are participating equally—it might be helpful for you (the Trainer) to help the Facilitator and encourage the participation of women Integrated Commune Development Planning 49 Participatory Rural Appraisal: Training Manual Session 19: PRA Field Exercise—PRA Tool Exercises TOPIC AND METHOD (continued) Topic Method and Materials Watch the interaction between each Trainee (Facilitator) and the households • • Trainee Evaluations You want to observe their behaviour towards households Observe their general facilitation skills and approach It is important to record the observations about each individual Trainee • Choose an appropriate time when the Trainee is alone and give them some advice on methods to improve • Make some overall conclusions on all the Trainees and discuss with them at the Review Session in the afternoon Tips for the Trainer! • Providing appropriate advice and encouragement to Trainees requires a lot of skill—always be positive when first giving someone advice—then follow-up with a recommendation of how they can improve • Never tell a Facilitator in front of households that they are doing a PRA Tool wrong or are not doing a good job—instead, join in the PRA Tool and assist the Facilitator with the Tool Be positive and encourage them—you can leave once the PRA Tool is being conducted correctly again Integrated Commune Development Planning 50 Participatory Rural Appraisal: Training Manual Session 20: PRA Field Exercise—Review with Households Learning Outcomes At the end of this session, Trainees and households will: • Understand the main issues/difficulties, potential/opportunities and activities identified through PRA Tools • Consolidate the results of all PRA Tools to identify the main issues and opportunities Duration: Materials: • • Coloured Cards • Marker Pens • 60 minutes A0 paper PRA Tool Results TIME, TOPIC AND METHOD Time Topic Method and Materials Each household group should nominate one person to present the results of their PRA Tools to all households • • 40’ Presentations of Group Results Hang the A0 results of each of the PRA Tool up the front—make sure that all the households can see Request each person to present the main findings of their PRA Tools The Trainers may need to guide the presenters on what they should present • Request the households not to go into too much detail • The Trainers may also give a quick summary after each presenter to consolidate the results Encourage the presenters—make sure you give them a round of applause after each person has presented! One of the Trainers should record some of the main findings from results of the PRA Tools while the people are presenting—you can use a simple Matrix to this • • • In the second column, write ‘Issues/Difficulties and fill in the main findings from the PRA Tools In the third column, write ‘Opportunities/Potential’ and fill in the main findings from the PRA Tools • Consolidating PRA Results In the first column, write ‘Status/Uses’ and fill in the consolidated findings from the PRA Tools • 15’ Write or draw a picture of each of the resource types, plant/animal varieties or social issue In the fourth column, write ‘Activities’ and fill in the main activities proposed through the PRA Tools Once completed, you can fill this in and present to the households • Integrated Commune Development Planning Ask if there are any final comments or questions 51 Participatory Rural Appraisal: Training Manual Session 20: PRA Field Exercise—Review with Households TIME, TOPIC AND METHOD (continued) Time Topic Method and Materials It is now time to conclude and close the PRA Field Exercise • • Thank the Facilitators (Trainers) for their effort • Emphasize the importance of PRA Field Exercises in Integrated Commune Development Planning and how the results are used to develop the Commune Plan • 5’ Closing and Thanking Households Thank the households for their effort, enthusiasm and attendance Congratulations! You have now finished the PRA Field Exercise! Tips for the Trainer! • Some presenters are often a little shy or afraid—you may sometimes have to offer further encouragement and assistance • Always nominate one of the Trainers to record some of the main findings of the PRA Field Exercises— this is done while groups are presenting results This Trainer summarises the main findings from the PRA Field Exercises—this is a nice way to close the morning’s activities! Integrated Commune Development Planning 52 Participatory Rural Appraisal: Training Manual Session 21: Review of the PRA Field Exercise Learning Outcomes At the end of this session, Trainees and households will: • Identify difficulties associated with conducting PRA Tools and propose methods to improve • Consolidate the results of all PRA Tools to identify the mains issues and opportunities Duration: Materials: • • Coloured Cards • Marker Pens • 120 minutes A0 paper PRA Tool Results TIME, TOPIC AND METHOD Time Topic Method and Materials Explain to the Trainees that you are going to review the PRA Tools conducted at the PRA Field Exercise in the morning • • 60’ Review of Results of PRA Tools Hang the A0 results of each of the PRA Tool at the front of the room—make sure that all the Trainees can see Request the Trainees responsible for each PRA Tool to present the results and findings of their PRA Tools • Encourage the Trainees to go through the steps they used to conduct the PRA Tool The Trainers should look at the PRA Tool results and listen carefully to the steps the Trainee used to conduct the Tool Use a Coloured Card to write down your observations—pay attention to the following • Trainers should take turns to give their comments and suggestions Remember to be positive when giving comments and recommendations—Trainees will respond better to your encouragement The PRA Tools Matrix is designed to facilitate discussion between the Trainees and Trainers on methods to improve PRA Field Exercises and PRA Tools For each of the PRA Tools, outline the following: • • The difficulties faced while conducting the PRA Tool Methods to improve facilitation skills and the PRA Tool • PRA Tools Matrix The conclusions of the PRA Tool and the results obtained • 20’ Recommendations to Facilitators for each PRA Tool Facilitate discussion between the Trainees on the Matrix Integrated Commune Development Planning 53 Participatory Rural Appraisal: Training Manual Session 21: Review of the PRA Field Exercise TIME, TOPIC AND METHOD (continued) Time Topic Method and Materials It is now time to conclude the Review of the PRA Field Exercise • 10’ • Conclusion Highlight the main problems and methods that can be used by Facilitators to improve the PRA Tools Emphasize the results and recommendations for Facilitators in the Matrix Conclude once again by thanking the Trainees for their effort once again in the morning Tips for the Trainer! • Sometimes it can be appropriate to use individual Trainees (Facilitators) as examples of good or bad facilitation skills—this needs to be conducted in a very sensitive way—remember you are trying to deliver a message, not humiliate someone! • You can nominate one Trainee as the best Facilitator! Give a clear explanation on why this Facilitator was nominated as the best—hopefully the other Trainees will learn and adopt the same approach! Integrated Commune Development Planning 54 Participatory Rural Appraisal: Training Manual Session 22: Presentations at Village Planning Meetings Learning Outcomes At the end of this session, Trainees will: • Know the method used to present PRA Field Exercise results and Village Planning Meetings • Practice PRA Field Exercise results presentations for Village Planning Meetings Duration: Materials: • • Marker Pens • PRA Results Matrix • 45 minutes Coloured Cards Village Resource Map TIME, TOPIC AND METHOD Time Topic Method and Materials Explain to the Trainees that PRA Field Exercise results are presented to households at Village Planning Meetings The PRA Field Exercises are reviewed at the PRA Field Exercise Review Meeting • 10’ Introduction to PRA Field Exercise results presentations This Meeting also allocates time to prepare PRA results presentations at Village Planning Meetings The PRA Field Exercise results are presented using two A0 sheets: • Village Resource Map—highlighting difficulties and opportunities • PRA Results Matrix—highlighting the land, plant/animal variety or social issue, the status/use, difficulties, opportunities/potential and activities Explain to the Trainees that you are now going to prepare and practice the PRA Field Exercise results presentations Split the Trainees into groups—each group will work with one Trainer • One group will prepare the presentation using the Village Resource Map • One group will prepare the presentation using the PRA Results Matrix Make sure that you have all the A0 results of the PRA Tools from the morning’s PRA Field Exercise hanging on the walls so Trainees can see 15’ Preparation of PRA Results Presentations The Village Resource Mapping group will look at each of the PRA Tools and identify difficulties and activities • Use Coloured Cards to write the difficulties and activities • Use one colour for the difficulties and a different colour for the activities The PRA Results Matrix group will also look at each of the PRA Tools and identify the different land type, animal/crop variety or social issue • Integrated Commune Development Planning Trainees will look at each of the PRA Tools and identify the status/ uses, difficulties/issues, opportunities/potential and activities and record these on the PRA Results Matrix 55 Participatory Rural Appraisal: Training Manual Session 22: Presentations at Village Planning Meetings TIME, TOPIC AND METHOD (continued) Time Topic Method and Materials When finished, bring the two groups together • 20’ Practice of PRA Field Exercise Results Presentations Allow some time for the Trainees to look at the results of the other group Ask one Trainee from each group to give a quick summary of the presentation and how it was prepared Nominate one Trainee from each group to give a presentation—emphasize that they should pretend they are at a Village Planning Meeting! • Offer some assistance if the Trainees have some difficulties or there are points they are not clear about When presentations are completed, provide some advice and recommendations on methods to improve the presentations Tips for the Trainer! • Use pictures on the PRA Results Matrix for each of the land types, plant/animal varieties or social issues—this makes the presentation more visual and easier for households to understand at Village Planning Meetings • Remember to emphasize that the presenters at Village Planning Meetings need to give a brief overview on PRA, the PRA Field Exercise and the purpose of PRA before starting Integrated Commune Development Planning 56 Participatory Rural Appraisal: Training Manual Session 23: Conclusion and Course Closing Learning Outcomes At the end of this session, Trainees will: • Review the PRA Training Course for Facilitators • Know the draft schedule for the PRA Field Exercises Duration: Materials: • Marker Pens • A0 Evaluation Circle 45 minutes TIME, TOPIC AND METHOD Time Topic Method and Materials Welcome the Trainees to the final Session of the Training Course! It is now time to collect comments and questions from households on the PRA Training Course for Facilitators Use a simple A0 sheet with a circle divided into or sections—each section has a different topic: • 15’ Comments on the PRA Training Course for Facilitators Trainers, Agenda and Time, Training Materials, PRA Tools, Training Approach, Content, etc.—you can choose different topics if you want! Request the Trainees place a ‘dot’ in the each section of the circle for each of the topics • ‘Dots’ close to the centre of the circle indicates the Trainees thought this was ‘good’ or they understand the content • ‘Dots’ far away from the centre of the circle indicates the Trainees thought this was ‘not good’, could improve or not understand the content Request comments from Trainees on topics that were marked away from the centre of the circle and request recommendations to improve Provide information on the PRA Field Exercises that will be conducted in the Commune • 15’ PRA Field Exercise One person from the Commune People’s Committee might be able to help you with this Explain that Trainees—who will be Facilitators—will be informed in advance and their attendance is highly requested Inform the Trainees on the allowances that Facilitators receive for their assistance at PRA Field Exercises Welcome comments and suggestions from the Trainees (e.g locations, appropriate times, etc.)—this will help the Commune People’s Committee to finalise the PRA Field Exercise schedule Integrated Commune Development Planning 57 Participatory Rural Appraisal: Training Manual Session 23: Conclusion and Course Closing TIME, TOPIC AND METHOD (continued) Time Topic Method and Materials Congratulations! You have now completed the PRA Training Course for Facilitators! It is now time to thank Trainees • • Thank that the Trainers for their time and effort • Course Close Emphasize the important role they play in the Commune and Village • 15’ Thank the Trainees for their enthusiasm and attendance at the Training Course Thank the Commune People’s Committee for their assistance in arranging the Training Course and the PRA Field Exercise Make any necessary concluding statements and close the Training Course! Tips for the Trainer! • You will need to explain clearly how the Trainees use the Evaluation Circle—explain clearly what a ‘dot’ close the centre of the circle means for each topic and what a ‘dot’ far from the centre means • It is time now to hand the Trainees (who are now Facilitators!) their ‘Participatory Rural Appraisal: Manual for Facilitators’ - you could turn this into an award ceremony You can make this a lot of fun and a good way to end the Training Course! Integrated Commune Development Planning 58 ... Planning Participatory Rural Appraisal: Training Manual PRA Training Course for Facilitators: Preparation Integrated Commune Development Planning Participatory Rural Appraisal: Training Manual PRA Training. .. before the Training Course Preparation of Training Materials Integrated Commune Development Planning 10 Participatory Rural Appraisal: Training Manual PRA Training Course for Facilitators: Training. .. Sessions 11 Participatory Rural Appraisal: Training Manual Introduction to the Training Course Session Plans The PRA Training Course for Facilitators is divided into 23 Training Sessions Each Training