[...]... National Institute of Dental Research: National Institutes of Health (NIH): International state-of-the-art conference on restorative dental materials, Bethesda, MD, Sept 8-1 0, 1986, NIH National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research: A plan to eliminate craniofacial, oral, and dental health disparities, 2002 http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/NR/rdonlyres/ 54B65018-D3FE-445 9-8 6DD-AAA0AD51C82B/0/ hdplan.pdf... Enamel Dentin Density 2.96 g/cm3 2.1 g/cm3   Modulus of elasticity 6 0-1 20 GPa 1 8-2 4 GPa   Proportional limit 7 0-3 53 MPa 10 0-1 90 MPa   Strength 9 4-4 50 MPa 23 0-3 70 MPa   Strength 8-3 5 MPa 3 0-6 5 MPa Shear strength 90 MPa 138 MPa Flexural strength 6 0-9 0 MPa 24 5-2 80 MPa Hardness 3-6 GPa 0.1 3-. 51 GPa Compressive Tensile   Modulus of elasticity 1 1-1 9 GPa will become clearer when we define these terms in Chapter... COVERED IN RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY Restorative dental materials include representatives from the broad classes of materials: metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites Dental materials include such items as resin composites, cements, glass ionomers, ceramics, noble and base metals, amalgam alloys, gypsum materials, casting investments, dental waxes, impression materials, denture base resins, and other materials. .. swallowing, and proper breathing Restorative dental materials make the reconstruction of the dental hard tissues possible In many areas, the development of dental materials has progressed more rapidly than for other anatomical prostheses Because of their long-term success, patients often expect dental prostheses to outperform the natural materials they replace The application of materials science is unique... evolve.elsevier.com/sakaguchi /restorative 1.  ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF RESTORATIVE DENTAL MATERIALS A more complete understanding of fundamental principles of materials and mechanics is important for the clinician to design and provide a prognosis for restorations For example, the prognosis of long-span fixed dental prostheses, or bridges, is dependent on the stiffness and elasticity of the materials When... Health and Human Services, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health C H A P T E R 2 The Oral Environment O U T L I N E Enamel The Mineral Dentin Physical and Mechanical Properties Difficulties in Testing The Dentin-Enamel Junction Oral Biofilms and Restorative Dental Materials 5 6 CRAIG’S RESTORATIVE DENTAL MATERIALS The tooth contains three specialized calcified... addition, when dental materials are placed directly into tooth cavities as restorative materials, there are very specific requirements for manipulation of the material Knowledge of materials science and biomechanics is very important when choosing materials for specific dental applications and when designing the best solution for restoration of tooth structure and replacement of teeth SCOPE OF MATERIALS. .. DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOMATERIALS In the United States over 60% of adults aged 35 to 44 have lost at least one permanent tooth to an accident, gum disease, a failed root canal, or tooth decay In the 6 4- to 65-year-old category, 25% of adults have lost all of their natural teeth For children aged 6 to 8, 26% have untreated dental caries, and 50% have been treated for dental decay The demand for restorative care... ability to create new four-color images from the original black and white figures We thank Sara Alsup, Associate Project Manager at Elsevier, and her team of copyeditors for greatly improving the style, consistency, and readability of Ronald L Sakaguchi John M Powers xi C H A P T E R 1 Role and Significance of Restorative Dental Materials O U T L I N E Scope of Materials Covered in Restorative Dentistry... the material to be manipulated properly by the dental team In many cases, manipulative errors can negate the technological advances for the material It is therefore very important for the dental team to understand fundamental materials science and biomechanics to select and manipulate dental materials appropriately BASIC SCIENCES APPLIED TO RESTORATIVE MATERIALS The practice of clinical dentistry depends . contained in the material herein. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Craig’s restorative dental materials / edited by Ronald L. Sakaguchi, John M. Powers. 13th ed. p. ; cm. Restorative. cm. Restorative dental materials Order of editors reversed on prev. ed. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 97 8-0 -3 2 3-0 810 8-5 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Dental materials. I. Sakaguchi, Ronald. invest- ments, dental waxes, impression materials, denture base resins, and other materials used in restorative procedures. The demands for material characteristics and performance range from