UNIX & LINUX Operating System Thanh-Hai DANG Information Systems Dept -VNUH Email: haidt82@yahoo.com “UNIX is user-friendly, but UNIX also choose her friends very carefully” Course statement • Goal – Usage, entire administration – Not principles of OS. • Perspective – A friend of UNIX – Linux in place of Windows in your mind – Curious for the principles of OS (Go inside into it) • Materials – UNIX/LINUX curriculum of Asoc. Prof. Thuy. HQ, – Linux Complete Command Reference by J.Purcell – Securing and Optimizing Linux, Gerhard Mourani Content • Unix/Linux Chronology. • File System • Process Management • User Management • Networking with Unix • Programable Filters • Programming with Shell & C on Unix/Linux • Some facilities UNIX OS. Some characteristics • Written in a high level language (C) • User interface simple but powerful enough • Good file system • Simple connection to peripherals • Multi User and Multi Process • Relative independence between data and hardware Unix Chronology. • Ken Thompson at Bell Labs (1969) – Withdrew from MULTICS project – Written in assembler for a GE-645 machine – Dennis Ritchie – First Release in 1971 Chronology (Cont.) • 1973, The Kernel rewritten in C (developed by Dennis Ritchie) • 1975, Nearly all of OS.(v.6) rewritten in C (used in the University of California in Berkeley) • 1979 – Seventh Edition – Bourne shell included – Kernel largely rewritten to be more portable to other machine architectures Chronology (Cont.) • The 80’s – /usr/group established in 1981 – X/OPEN (From many EU computer companies) – IEEE from 1984 (enhancement of POSIX) • 1984 : the birth of 3 versions – System V from AT&T ( System III from 82) – 4.2 BSD of Berkeley Uni, Base for many OS: Sun Microsystems (SunOS), Digital (Ultrix)… – XENIX of Microsoft for PC (Compatible with System V) Chronology (Cont.) • At the end of 80’s, 2 organizations said hello – UNIX International (UI) • The agreement between AT&T and Sun : SVR4 (System V Release 4), The converged Edition of System V and BSD – Open Software Foundation (OSF) • IBM, Digital, HP, Bull, Siemens, Apollo, Nixdorf Chronology (Cont.) • LINUX OS. came into our world (1991) – Written by Linus Torvald at Univ of Helsinki • For the Intel i386 family of processors • Derived from MIMIX, one of the most successful version of PC UNIX. [...]... Linus Torvald announced and put all source code of Linux 0.02 on the Internet • Follows GPL • Included many GNU softwares (GNU /Linux) Free Software, …(Cont.) • 1993 : Rémy Card invented ext2 file system for Linux • 1994 : Linux ported to the other CPU not Intel: Alpha, ARM, PowerPC, RISC, Sparc, • 1995 : Apache Group built Web server Apache on UNIX/ Linux • 1999 : Version 1.0 of GUI GNOME và KDE (3.x... Enterprise Linux, Fedoral Core (6) • Debian, Slackware, Knoppix, Caldera, Live CD Linux • Distro Linux on one CD – GNU /Linux OS Plus with necessary softwares – Not affect the current status of PC, HD not required! • Some typical distro – – – – Knoppix DemoLinux Mandows FreeSBIE UNIX architect Unix kernel architect Shell system • The command interpreter – Show a prompt ($) and wait from keyboard – Receive... version 1.0 Distributions Linux • Distribution = A collection of all or some programs altogether around a Linux kernel which allows to install a collaborative system, operating perfectly – Include one or more CD ROM – Easily installed, – May be other softwares not GPL or OpenSource included Distributions Linux • RedHat (9.0),Mandrake (10.1), SuSE (9.1), RedHat Enterprise Linux, Fedoral Core (6) • Debian,.. .LINUX OS Some characteristics • A typical OS for UNIX • GUI thru X-Windows • Many network protocols supported • Real-time supported • Parallel computing and PC Cluster • Multi languages Free Software, Linux & Open Source • 1984 : Richard Stallman, The Father of GNU (Gnu is Not Unix) found Free Software Foundation (FSF) • 1989 : FSF yielded... tác cơ bản với hệ thống • After login [root@may1 /root]# • Quit from system – CTRL+ALT+DEL – X Window: CTRL+ALT+BACKSPACE => CTRL+ALT+DEL – shutdown command – halt command • Reboot system – reboot Thao tác cơ bản với hệ thống • Shutdown [options] [alert] – -r: Reboot right after system shutdowns – -h: Halt officially right after system shutdowns – -f: Quick reboot and abort disk checking – -F:... : – Show explanatory document for command – Syntax + Options description + Examples – = command, library function, system file • Note : – Type ‘q’ to quit – Command name exact • Command man -k Man Page (Cont.) • COMMAND(1) Linux Programmer’s Manual COMMAND(1) • NAME – Command Name: Function overviewed • SYNOPSIS – Command syntax • DESCRIPTION – Describe more detail... extend of csh • Bourne Again Shell (bash) (#) : Brian Fox, FSF (Linux) Environment Variables • Used by shell and some facilities (X11, mail, ) – $HOME: home directory of user – $MAIL: mail name – $PATH: List of path where commands are looked for( separated by :) • Initialize after login – script: bashrc, bash_profile – echo Working on UNIX • Case sensitive – Command ls: OK, Ls: NotOK • User Interface... minute! Thao tác cơ bản với hệ thống • halt [options] : – -f: halt immediately right after without stopping all services running on system – -i: halt when all services finished Thao tác cơ bản với hệ thống • Start and work in graphical model – Allow to customize working mode of system – Enumerated in /etc/inittab # 0 – halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this) # 1 – Single user mode # 2 – Multiuser, without... UNIX • Case sensitive – Command ls: OK, Ls: NotOK • User Interface – Command: • Hard to remember at the beginning (many options, and parameter) • For long run: deep understanding concepts, working with system flexibly and efficiently – Graphic • GNOME, KDE / X-Window (XFree86) Command common structure • # [] [] – : • Reduced : #date –d • Full: #date... for Showing and setting date and time – Show: date [options] [+format] – Set: date [options] [MMDDhhmm [ [CC]YY] • Options – -d, date=: shows time in parameter, not show the current system time – -f, file= – -I, iso-8601[=‘date’ | ’hours’ | ‘minutes’ | ‘seconds’]: Shows according to the standard ISO-8601 (2000-118) Note: -I ~ iso-8601=‘date’ Thao tác cơ bản với hệ thống . Content • Unix/ Linux Chronology. • File System • Process Management • User Management • Networking with Unix • Programable Filters • Programming with Shell & C on Unix/ Linux • Some facilities UNIX. UNIX & LINUX Operating System Thanh-Hai DANG Information Systems Dept -VNUH Email: haidt82@yahoo.com UNIX is user-friendly, but UNIX also choose her friends. principles of OS. • Perspective – A friend of UNIX – Linux in place of Windows in your mind – Curious for the principles of OS (Go inside into it) • Materials – UNIX/ LINUX curriculum of Asoc. Prof. Thuy.