[...]... treatments of quantum electronics, lasers and optics It is not the objective of this book to present a comprehensive treatment of properties of lasers and optical components Our experience indicates that such a course can be covered in two academic quarters, and perhaps might be suitable for one academic semester in an abbreviated form Students will learn both fundamental physics principles and analytical... emission and absorption 5.1 Brief review of basic quantum mechanics 5.1.1 Brief summary of the elementary principles of quantum mechanics 5.1.2 Expectation value 5.1.3 Summary of energy eigen values and energy states 5.1.4 Summary of the matrix representation 5.2 Time dependent perturbation analysis of ψ and the induced transition probability 5.2.1 Time dependent perturbation formulation 5.2.2 Electric and. .. Susceptibility and carrier densities in quantum well semiconductor materials 7.3.1 Energy states in quantum well structures 7.3.2 Density of states in quantum well structures 7.3.3 Susceptibility 7.3.4 Carrier density and Fermi levels 7.3.5 Other quantum structures 7.4 Resonant modes of semiconductor lasers 7.4.1 Cavities of edge emitting lasers 7.4.2 Cavities of surface emitting lasers 7.5 Carrier and current... and electromagnetic theory, with specific emphasis on their use in electronic and electro-optical devices Today, many students acquire such information as well as analytical techniques from studies and analysis of the laser and its light in devices, components and systems When teaching a graduate course at the University of California San Diego on this topic, I emphasize the understanding of basic principles. .. basic principles of the laser and the properties of its radiation In this book I present a unified approach to all lasers, including gas, solid state and semiconductor lasers, in terms of “classical” devices, with gain and material susceptibility derived from their quantum mechanical interactions For example, the properties of laser oscillators are derived from optical feedback analysis of different cavities... Susceptibility Significance of the susceptibility Comparison of the analysis of χ with the quantum mechanical analysis of induced transitions 5.4 Homogeneously and inhomogeneously broadened transitions 5.4.1 Homogeneously broadened lines and their saturation 5.4.2 Inhomogeneously broadened lines and their saturation References 6 Solid state and gas laser amplifier and oscillator 6.1 Rate equation and population... Green’s function and Kirchhoff’s formula 9 r0 = x 0 ix + y 0 i y + z 0 iz ri = x 0 i x + y0 i y − z 0 i z x r = x ix + y i y + z iz r r01 ri1 x0 r ri r0 ri r0 −z0 z0 z y0 y Figure 1.3 Illustration of r , the point of observation r0 and its image r j , in the method of images For G, the image plane is the x y plane, and ri is the image of the observation point r0 in The coordinates of r0 and ri are given... that k = 2π /λ and ρ/λ is a very large quantity A small change of r01 in the exponential can affect significantly the value of the integral, while the ρ factor in the denominator of the integrand can be considered as a constant in the paraxial approximation Both Eqs (1.8) and (1.13) are known as Kirchhoff’s diffraction formula [3] In the case of paraxial approximation, limited aperture and z λ, Eq (1.8)... Fraunhofer diffraction integral of the far radiation field Note that the U as a function of x0 and y0 is approximately a Fourier transform of U as a function of x and y So far, we have presented primarily the mathematical derivations to obtain the results given in Eqs (1.13), (1.15) and (1.17) We have learned two things from these derivations: (1) the approximations employed in Fresnel and Fraunhofer... (x0 , y0 , z0 ) in a direction close to the direction of propagation and at a distance reasonably far from the aperture, i.e α ≈ 180◦ and |r01 | ≈ |z| ≈ ρ Then, for observers in the paraxial approximation, α is now approximately a constant in the integrand of Eq (1.12) over the entire aperture , while the change of ρ in the denominator of the integrand also varies very slowly over the entire Thus, U . wave research and ve books.His most recent book isRF Photonic Technology in Optical Fiber Links (Cambridge University Press, 2002). PRINCIPLES OF LASERS AND OPTICS WILLIAM S. C. CHANG Professor. as a guided wave, the macroscopic differ- ences and similarities between various types of lasers, special techniques, such as super-modes and the two-dimensional Green s function for planar waveguides,. Resonant modes of semiconductor lasers 228 7.4.1 Cavities of edge emitting lasers 229 7.4.2 Cavities of surface emitting lasers 234 7.5 Carrier and current confinement in semiconductor lasers