[...]... priority areas for the World Bank in the immediate future Endnotes 1 The term “conflict” is used to refer to violent conflict including civil and interstate wars and armed rebellions 2 For example, OP2.30 Operational Policies: Development Cooperation and Conflict (2001); or Kreimer and others (1998); and, of course, “Post Conflict Reconstruction: The Role of the World Bank” (1998), World Bank, Washington,... “IDA Blend” countries The 7 8 reshaping the future World Bank Group rates two thirds (35) of 52 conflict countries “IDA” or “IDA Blend.” Nine of these countries are currently covered by World Bank Transition Support Strategies (TSS) One third (17) are in the list of Low Income Countries Under Stress (LICUS), including six of the seven pilot LICUS countries Forty percent (21) of these countries are Heavily... study encountered its share of these difficulties The official national data reported in the international databases (UNESCO Institute for Statistics, World Bank EdStats) are particularly incomplete in the case of conflict countries, with many data gaps in the official tables even for the most basic information on enrollment, repetition, and dropout The accuracy and reliability of the reported data have been... examples of programs that successfully address the needs and aspirations of youth in postconflict societies or tap into their potential contributions to reconstruction A Role for the World Bank Finally, the study reviews the role that the World Bank has played in supporting education reconstruction and suggests some directions that might make its impact more effective These include introducing a stronger focus... cohesion requires a deeper analysis of the way education impacts conflict The impact of conflict on education systems varies very significantly with the context, and the lessons that can be drawn from the experience of other countries can only be useful if interpreted in the light of the specific conditions unique to any particular country However, this study suggests that there is a body of relevant international... reduction in the number of Tamil students gaining admission to universities, with adverse consequences: “These developments, together with the depressed economic conditions and high unemployment of the middle 1970s, provided fertile grounds for the birth of youthful militant Tamil separatist groups….” (World Bank 1998, p 128) In Kosovo, the medium of instruction, as well as imposition of the Serbian... Conflict Extent The extent of the conflict is a key variable in understanding the relationship between education and reconstruction In many cases, especially in extended conflicts, violence directly affects only a part of the country; in many areas education continues to function, albeit with significantly less resources, under the direction of the state–such as in the Popular Movement for the Liberation... Indonesian The failure of the Indonesian teachers to return left Timor xi xii foreword Leste with almost no trained or qualified personnel for its secondary system and no access to tertiary education These effects ravage the education process They also constitute a formidable roadblock for the efforts of poor countries to achieve the Education for All (EFA) Millennium Development Goals, especially the 2015... impact on education, both directly in terms of the suffering and psychological impact on the pupils, teachers, and communities, and in the degradation of the education system and its infrastructure Yet these same education systems are expected to make a significant contribution to rebuilding a shattered society at a time when they themselves are debilitated by the effects of conflict Fortunately, as this... support of HDNED Sector Director, Ruth Kagia, and the steadfast and expert guidance and encouragement of the Education Sector Manager, Jamil Salmi The work of the team was supported by regular comments and inputs from a wide range of people in the Bank, most of whom were members of a small community of practice groups established for the purpose Key among them were Ian Bannon, Ernesto Cuadra, Peter Colenso, . alt="" RESHAPING THE FUTURE Education and Postconflict Reconstruction Reshaping the Future