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Sustainable development of marine economy in Halong city = Phát triển bền vững kinh tế biển thành phố Hạ Long
VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI INSTITUTE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCES - NGUYEN NGOC PHUONG SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF MARINE ECONOMY IN HALONG CITY Master's thesis Major: Vietnamese studies Ha Noi - 2012 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI INSTITUTE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCES - NGUYEN NGOC PHUONG SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF MARINE ECONOMY IN HALONG CITY Master's thesis in Vietnamese studies Code 60.31.60 Supervisor: Prof.Dr.Truong Quang Hai Ha Noi - 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION Reason selected theme Literature review Research objects, tasks and scopes of thesis 12 Methodologies 13 Research methods 15 The contribution of the thesis 16 The structure of the thesis 17 Chapter 1: GENERAL THEORY AND RESOURCES FOR MARINE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF HALONG CITY 18 1.1 The general theory of marine economy and sustainable development of marine economy 18 1.1.1 Marine economy 18 1.1.2 Specialization and the synthetic development of marine economy 21 1.1.3 Sustainable development of marine economy 22 1.2 Factors affecting the development of marine economy in Halong 24 1.2.1 Development trends of marine economy in the world, objectives and strategic development of marine economy in Vietnam 24 1.2.2 The process of urbanization and industrialization in Ha Long 29 1.2.3 Policies of economic development and marine economy in Halong city 30 1.2.4 Other factors 32 1.3 Resources for marine economic development in Ha Long 32 1.3.1 Overviews on Ha Long city 32 1.3.2 Potentials of marine fishing and aquaculture 33 1.3.3 Natural tourism resources and humanities 35 1.3.4 Potentials development of marine transport 39 1.3.5 Other resources 40 Chapter 2: STATE OF DEVELOPMENT OF MARINE ECONOMY IN HALONG CITY 44 2.1 State of socio-economic development in Halong city 44 2.2 State of development of fisheries sector 46 2.2.1 Aquaculture 46 2.2.2 Seafood exploitation 52 2.2.3 Seafood processing 54 2.2.4 Fishery logistic services 55 2.2.5 Labour in the fisheries sector 57 2.3 State of coastal and marine tourism development 58 2.3.1 Current status of marine tourism resources exploitation 58 2.3.2 Current status of infrastructure, technical facilities and investment in tourism 59 2.3.3 State of tourists and tourism revenue 61 2.3.4 Development status of tourism products 65 2.3.5 Labour in the tourism sector 70 2.4 Development situation of marine traffic- transport 70 2.4.1 Port systems 70 2.4.2 Traffic routes on the sea 74 2.4.3 Mechanics serve marine economy 75 2.5 Situation development of support services for marine economy 76 2.5.1 Bank and finance services 76 2.5.2 Maritime services, communication 77 2.6 Development situation of floating houses on the Halong Bay 79 2.6.1 The number of floating house and anchorage points 79 2.6.2 Changes, development trends of floating house 79 2.7 Effects of marine economic activities for natural resources and environment at Halong city 80 2.8 General assessment on the marine economic development in Halong city based on SWOT analysis 81 2.8.1 Strengths 81 2.8.2 Weaknesses 83 2.8.3 Opportunities 86 2.8.4 Challenges 86 Chapter 3: ORIENTATION AND SOME SOLUTIONS TO PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF MARINE ECONOMY IN HALONG CITY TO 2020 89 3.1 Orientation for sustainable development of marine economy in Halong city to 2020 89 3.1.1 Development perspectives and targets 89 3.1.2 Full exploitation of the special advantages of the sea area and coastal 90 3.1.3 Transforming Halong city into a dynamic marine economy center 91 3.1.4 Development orientation of the fisheries sector 92 3.1.5 Development orientation of coastal and marine tourism 96 3.1.6 Development orientation of marine traffic- transport 99 3.1.7 Development orientation of port-related industries 99 3.1.8 Development orientation of services associated with marine economy 99 3.2 Solutions to promoting sustainable development of marine economy in Halong city 101 3.2.1 Mechanism and policy solutions 101 3.2.2 Organization and management solutions 103 3.2.3 Mobilize funds for development of marine economy 103 3.2.4 Training and development of human resources 104 3.2.5 E-commerce applications in the development of some sectors of marine economy 105 3.2.6 Implementation of marine economy planning 108 3.2.7 Promoting inter-regional cooperation 109 3.2.8 Rational use of natural resources and protection of the marine environment, coastal 110 3.2.9 Establishment and implementation of key programs towards environmental resources protection and sustainable development of the seas111 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 114 REFERENCES 117 LIST OF APPENDICES 124 INTRODUCTION Reason selected theme The sea contains extremely valuable resources for the survival and development of human While resources of mainland are more and more exhausted, the development of marine economy is considered as one of the national strategic issues in the world With advantages of 3260 km coastline, along with sea areas of about million km2, Vietnam has been trying to take advantage of all available resources to become one of the competitive nations in marine economy towards environmental protection and sustainable development of coastal areas In addition, nowadays the South China Sea issue is also becoming a hot issue in the Asia Pacific region The advantages from the sea is main cause of all tensionsbetween countries in this region In Vietnam, the sea area covers have more than 4000 islands in large and small sizes are distributed mainly in the Northeast sea and Southwest The islands are well-known for beautiful landscape and have important strategic position such as: Bach Long Vi island, Phu Quoc island Tho Chu island, Con Son island, Con Co island, Phu Quy island, Cat Ba island, and island systems in the Spratly islands In particular, the sea area and coastal of Vietnam are located on the vital maritime trade route between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, between Europe and the Middle East to China, Japan and other countries in the region This is both an opportunity and a challenge for Vietnam regarding socio-economic development and national security Because marine economic development must be associated with the protection of national territory So, striving to become a “sea powers” does not only makes sense in economic terms, but also help Vietnam affirm sovereignty of the national territory In Northern Vietnam, Ha Long is one of the coastal cities dynamic in economic development The city is located in the coastal corridor of the Gulf of Tonkin, which is a critical point in the growth triangle Hanoi - Hai Phong Quang Ninh In recent years, Halong plays an important role in sociodevelopment of the region With comparative advantages of deep water port development, tourism, marine services, minerals, together with a convenient transportation system, Halong has many favorable conditions towards comprehensive development of the marine economy However, the sector’s growth rate is not quite compensurate with the potentials, posing urgent needs for specific orientations in sustainable development Aware of the importance of the seas in economic development, I conducted the research on the following theme: “Sustainable development of marine economy in Halong city” The study provides a panoramic view on the marine economy in Halong, particularly, the advantages, difficulties, problems, while offers suggestions on directions and solutions to sustainable development of Halong’s marine economy It could also be the foundation for more in-depth research on the North Sea economy of Vietnam Literature review Now, there are little researches synthesis of marine economy in Halong city The researches mainly focus on the sectors of the marine economy Almost no depth research on the issue: “Sustainable development of marine economy in Halong city” So, this is a relatively new theme Research objects, tasks and scopes of thesis - Research objects The thesis focused on marine economy of Halong city That is problem related to the potential, the state of marine economic development in city Impact analysis, the impact from the policies of the Party and the state, the process of urbanization and industrialization in Ha Long to integrated development of marine economy - Objectives of theme Research objectives of the thesis is to clarify the potential, actual development of marine economy in Halong city Based on that evaluation to the analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, challenges and give orientations and measures to promote the sustainable development of marine economy Halong - Scope of research + Range of content: Thesis only focuses on marine economy and coastal of Halong city + Space: sea area and coastal of Ha Long city + About time: dissertation data collection, and research papers from 2000 to date + Scope to reach: the author study marine economy under view of a researcher about a field of Vietnamese studies major Methodologies • Area studies approach • Interdisciplinary approach • Sustainable development perspective Research methods - Actual survey methods and interview - Method diagrams, maps - SWOT analysis method - Method comparison and analysis - synthesis The contribution of thesis Through theoretical and practical studies, thesis showed that the difference between the potential and the situation development of marine economy in Ha Long city Then making orientation and optimal solution to develop effective and sustainable marine economy in Halong This thesis is the basis for the policy makers, managers can give orientation, direction, strategies to towards sustainable development of marine economy in Halong The results of the thesis research will contribute to the construction of scientific evidence on the development of marine economy in a locality, is the basis for the experts and scholars research analysis, recommend policies sustainable development of marine economy in the context of international economic integration of Vietnam The structure of thesis In addition to an introduction and conclusion, the thesis consists of three chapters: Chapter 1: The basis of general theory and marine economic development resources of Halong city Chapter 2: Situation development of marine economy in Ha Long city Chapter 3: Orientation and some solutions promote sustainable development of marine economy in Ha Long city to 2020 CONTENTS Chapter GENERAL THEORY AND RESOURCES FOR MARINE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF HALONG CITY 1.1 The general theory of marine economy and sustainable development of marine economy 1.1.1 Marine economy Marine economy is an integrated economic field, including the following sectors: - Fisheries economy including: aquaculture, seafood exploitation; - Tourism of sea and island - Exploitation and mineral processing of sea: exploitation and oil filters, marine minerals, sand, glass, jewelry, salt, - Maritime economy include: shipping and port services; building and repairing ships - Operation rescue, rescue, maritime security island - The scientific research and personnel training for the areas in the field of marine economy - The operations and support services to the marine economy: business travel, trading and export of aquatic products; banking services; insurance services; communication In the branches above, four sectors are considered key of marine economy as: seafood economy, tourism of marine and island, exploitation and mineral processing of sea, and maritime economy The other sectors has effect to support for marine economy 1.1.2 Specialization and the synthetic development of marine economy Marine economic specialization focuses on specific sectors of the marine economy And in the specialized functions of each branch is further split into specific activities For example: specialization of marine transportation has deeper specialization about fleet, specialized handling capacity of the port specialization promote the industries to thrive, improve productivity labor Integrated development of marine economy will help the marine-related industries such as exploitation of seafood, aquaculture and seafood processing; island sea travel; marine exploitation and mineral processing; marine transportation, long-term development, to bring big profits and not affect each other, and protect marine resources, does not pollute the environment 1.1.3 Sustainable development of marine economy Marine economy is part of the economy, so the maritime economy also operate on the principle of sustainable development of the economy in general For sustainable development of marine economy, the need to ensure the following factors: - Development of effective economic sea (sea economic growth, economic efficiency, saving resources); - Development of social harmony (raising the standard of living and level of the strata of the population lives in the sea and coastal areas, to ensure social justice, solidarity, friendly); - Improve the marine ecological environment to ensure long-term development for present and future generations (rational exploitation and use of marine resources, protection of the marine environment Apply science and technology to promote the production production in order to improve productivity and output Simultaneously farming, renewable new marine resources to replace, ) 1.2 Factors affecting the development of marine economy in Halong 1.2.1 Development trends of marine economy in the world, objective and strategic development of marine economy in Vietnam 1.2.1.1 Development trends of marine economy in the world Strategists spoke that 21st century is “the century of ocean and sea” Therefore, most countries want toward of the sea too, build sea strategy, and enhancing the potential to maximize the resources from the sea Particularly in resource exploitation activities, the countries in the world tend to conservation on land and sea Besides, the countries trying to take advantage of his influence and prestige to reach out beyond the exploitation of ocean resources So the ocean will become a promising field for economic activity, and is the most important factor in the field of geopolitics So, the oceans will become areas of intense competition for division of spheres of influence in the future between nations 1.2.1.2 Objectives and strategic development of marine economy in Vietnam Objectives, strategy sea were full set, systems in the “Resolution conference of Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam the 4th, Xth about Vietnam's sea strategy to 2020” (called off is the central resolution 4, about marine economy) The policy strives to 2020 will become a strong national marine economy, enriched from sea, ensure strong national sovereignty on the sea - island, contributing to the industrialization and modernization of the country make the country rich and strong 1.2.2 The process of urbanization and industrialization in Ha Long After 1990, along with the positive changes in socio-economic terms, Halong city has the speed of urbanization and rapid industrialization The city is recognized as grade II in 2003 And proceed to the project upgraded to grade I in 2013 Table 1.1: Table 1.1: Rate of urban population in Halong city 2001 2003 2005 2008 Population (people) 185.229 192.870 200.000 213.547 Rate of urban 90,95 90,94 91,07 91,24 population (%) (Source: Compiled from Statistical Yearbook of Ha Long 2005 – 2009) Seafood exploitation have reached the target of period 2008 - 2015 This suggests that the marine resources in the area of Ha Long Bay and offshore fisheries resources Hai Phong - Quang Ninh are ample Important task is to balance the catch near the shore so as not to deplete near-shore resources 2.2.2.2 Capacity of seafood exploitation * Number of boats: The total number of fishing vessels in the city sum is 1024 units (2011) Structure of vessels as follows: under 20 CV 868 pcs (account for 84,8%), vessels 20 CV -