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Cultural changes in the Cot village in renovation period = Những biến đổi văn hóa ở làng Cót thời kỳ đổi mới
VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI INSTITUTE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCES - NGO THI MINH CULTURAL CHANGES IN THE COT VILLAGE IN RENOVATION PERIOD MASTER THESIS SUMMARY Speciality: Vietnamese Studies Code: 60.31.60 Hanoi - 2012 The thesis was completed in Hanoi Scientific instructor: Prof Dr Nguyen Quang Ngoc Reader 1:…………………………………… Reader 2:……………………………………… The thesis will be defended in the meeting of Thesis Council at the Institute of Vietnamese studies at …… o’clock on the date of…: Month…………….: Year………………… The thesis can be found at: Library and Information Center, Vietnam national University, Hanoi CONTENTS OPENING Error! Bookmark not defined Purpose and the meaning of the subject Error! Bookmark not defined Historical research issues .Error! Bookmark not defined Objects and scope of research topics Error! Bookmark not defined The resources and research methods .Error! Bookmark not defined Contribution of the thesis Error! Bookmark not defined Layout of the thesis .Error! Bookmark not defined CHAPTER 1: THE NATURAL CONDITIONS, THE FORMATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TRADITIONAL COT VILLAGE Error! Bookmark not defined 1.1 Geographical location and natural conditions Error! Bookmark not defined 1.1.1 Geographical location Error! Bookmark not defined 1.1.2 Topography and soil Error! Bookmark not defined 1.1.3 The transport system Error! Bookmark not defined 1.2 Village formation process and the administrative changes Error! Bookmark not defined 1.2.1 The process of formation Error! Bookmark not defined 1.2.2 Evolution of the village administration Error! Bookmark not defined 1.3 The features of traditional Cot village Error! Bookmark not defined 1.3.1 Cot village - an ancient Vietnamese village, situated at the gateway to the west of the capital Error! Bookmark not defined 1.3.2 Cot village - land rich tradition of innovation Error! Bookmark not defined 1.3.3 Cot village - land of rich cultural traditions Error! Bookmark not defined 1.3.4 Patriotic tradition against foreign aggression and fighting spirit indomitable resilience Error! Bookmark not defined State the chapter Error! Bookmark not defined CHAPTER 2: CULTURE COT VILLAGE BEFORE THE RENEWAL PERIOD Error! Bookmark not defined 2.1 Socio-economic situation Error! Bookmark not defined 2.1.1 The period from 1945-1954 Error! Bookmark not defined 2.1.2 The period from 1954-1975 Error! Bookmark not defined 2.1.3 The period from 1976-1986 Error! Bookmark not defined 2.2 Cultural situation .Error! Bookmark not defined 2.2.1 Spiritual cultural Error! Bookmark not defined 2.2.2 Material culture Error! Bookmark not defined State the chapter Error! Bookmark not defined CHAPTER 3: CULTURE COT VILLAGE RENEWAL PERIOD TO THE PRESENT Error! Bookmark not defined 3.1 Socio-economic situation Error! Bookmark not defined 3.1.1 The period 1986 - 1996 .Error! Bookmark not defined 3.1.2 The period from 1997 to present Error! Bookmark not defined 3.2 Cultural life .Error! Bookmark not defined 3.2.1 Cultural spiritual life Error! Bookmark not defined 3.2.2 Material cultural life Error! Bookmark not defined State the chapter Error! Bookmark not defined CHAPTER 4: COT VILLAGE CULTURE: THE STATUS CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS Error! Bookmark not defined 4.1 Recovery of traditional culture .Error! Bookmark not defined 4.1.1 Recovery of traditional culture Error! Bookmark not defined 4.1.2 Socialization process of the restoration of traditional culture Error! Bookmark not defined 4.2 The demand towards the culture of spirituality of the modern village Error! Bookmark not defined 4.3 Problems arise in the process of transformation of social culture Error! Bookmark not defined 4.3.1 The environment Error! Bookmark not defined 4.3.2 Immigrants Error! Bookmark not defined 4.3.3 For security and social vices Error! Bookmark not defined 4.3.4 The land Error! Bookmark not defined State the chapter Error! Bookmark not defined CONCLUSION Error! Bookmark not defined REFERENCES Error! Bookmark not defined PHỤ LỤC 1PL INTRODUCTION Purpose and the meaning of the subject Village is an object of scientific study of history, culture and education, archeology, both extensive and complex, attracting many generations and many research achievements However, the study was mainly derived from the approach to economics, history education, sociology In recent years, Vietnam Studies majors with interdisciplinary research methods and study area has a life and growing Along with the development, innovation and integration of the country, Vietnamese village also has been "change meat" and puts the new character designs Therefore, studies of villages, of farmers, village culture still is and will be key issues for the general science and social science in particular The study of the village changes, cultural village on the field, through the period of development, especially in the current period of innovation is essential The meticulous research, science will help us realize right, get the overall look to assess the development of the villages in the modern context Moreover, research results will form the basis of practical science and logic to their explanation, proposed to be developing in the future village from the village of specific practices Derived from the meaning and practice of science, we have chosen the theme: "Variations in the village of Cot cultural innovation period" as the master's dissertation topic, Vietnam specialized studies Historical research issues - Group of research of foreign scholars: Farmers Tonkin Delta (1936) by Pierre Gourou, Facing the future, recovery past: a study of social change in a northern village in Vietnam (1999) author John Kleinen, Culture, Ritual and Revolution in Property VN's Kingsley village in delta Red River: the unresolved issue (2002) to the scholar Olivier Tessier, Nelly Krowolski - Group of research by scholars: In the first trend, we must first mention the works: The organizational structure of Vietnamese traditional village in the northern (Nguyen Tu Chi, 1984), Vietnam Village - a social and economic problems (Phan Dai Doan, 1992), on a number of village shops at the northern delta XVIII-XIX century (Nguyen Quang Ngoc, 1993) The work values and traditions and people of Vietnam today (Phan Huy Le and Vu Minh Giang editor, 1996), ministerial-level: Rural Culture in Development (Institute of Culture - Ministry of Culture, 2000) State-level theme: rural Development in Vietnam from traditional villages to modern civilization (Vu Trong Khai, Do Thai, Pham Bich Hop editor, 2004) are attracting major research many scientists involved The second trend of research scholars VN is specific circumstances of each village: Village Vietnamese work of Diep Dinh Hoa (1994) gave a comprehensive picture of the Vietnamese village It writes about Dan Loan village "village communes of Vietnam through the village of Dan Loan case" Some problems in the villages of Vietnam (2009), Nguyen Quang Ngoc has studied the process of establishing the village as well as economic situation, political society and culture of an ancient land is Nhan Quyen commune, Binh Giang district, Hai Duong Besides the study villages of Vietnam in general so they also need to mention the study of Yen Hoa These include a number of works such as: From To river to Nhue river (address) (Do Thinh - 1986); Cau Giay district - the formation and development (Vu Hong Khanh, Nguyen Thuy Ngoc, Nguyen Manh Hung2000); Regulation, democratic convention Yen Hoa ward (Ward People's Committee of Yen Hoa - 2000); Culture, historical monuments and landscapes, Centre for UNESCO protected cultural development of the people of Vietnam, pg.234; pg.248-249 (Trinh Doan Doan - 2002); a family has many great ancient science in a suburban village, Han Nom report 2003, pg.16-19 (the Anh - 2003); Student community spirit through a religious inscription in an ancient village academy, Han Nom report 2003, pg.171-173 (Bui Xuan Dinh - 2003); Cau Giay-10 years of construction and development (01/09/1997-01/09/2007) (Nguyen Duc Huong, Le Van Luan, Nguyen Chi My - 2007); A hospitality area (study Encouragement Association Cau Giay district, Hanoi - 9/2007); Tu Liem of Contents (Book of the 1000th anniversary of Thang Long, HN - 2010), Historic cultural Cau Giay (Nguyen Doan Tuan editor, Phan Khanh, Le Van Lan - 2010), Yen Hoa thousand years of land title incense: Celebrate 1000 years of Thang LongHanoi (Nguyen Minh Hieu and Hoang Ngoc Diep, Doan Long - 2010),ect Objects and scope of the research + Study subjects: Study subjects we selected the village of Ha Yen Quyet (other name is Cot) now the village of Yen Hoa, Yen Hoa ward, Cau Giay District, Hanoi Ha Yen Quyet full convergence characteristics of a rural village delta renovation period, a village typical of the tradition of hospitality, on the cultural values, history is also reserved to today + Scope of study: The transformation of the village were culture we learn the following aspects: the transformation of natural conditions and the formation of villages, the socioeconomic development lead to the transformation of culture, education, too building cultural life modern times in the overall process of formation and development of the village But we focus more on the transformation of the village from 1986 to present By this stage marked the innovation process in a comprehensive way associated with the period of industrialization and modernization, urbanization, the development of science and technology towards modernization, emerging collision between old and new, between tradition and modernity, between conservation and development, between adaptation and change Resources and research methods + The resources: The first resource is the work, materials about the feudal village: Dai Nam nhat thong tri, Dai Nam record, address book Du Dia Chi of Nguyen Trai, History ward revolution Yen Hoa Based on this work we have been the common understanding of the old village, the village of Cot compare traditional and modern The second data source notes the French are now stored at the Central Archives Department and the National Library of Vietnam This is an important document for us to learn about the field of economic and socio-cultural village of Cot The third resource material collected during fieldwork in the locality including written documents, physical documents About writing materials, we collected fairly complete bibliography of the ancient village (land register, conventions or ordained, god built, sharp mind ), the inscription documents, sentences, of self, family genealogy (family tree they Hoang, the Nguyen) Typically the following: Bach Lien see the original sign-up at the library Han Nom, the translation of Hoang Thuc Tram in 1966 (Nguyen Quang Dich - 1833); Spirit area, the god of the tutelary in church Cot village (Yen Hoa Ward, Cau Giay District, Hanoi); The legend of the Holy Cao Son (Historians Resources Institute, the Institute of Han Nom); The Nguyen family tree (the current document The Nguyen Van Son), Social convention Ha Yen Quyet (Translation) (Dich Vong, Hoai Duc, Pham Thi Thoa (translation) - 1917); Securities commune of Ha Yen Quyet (Total Dich Vong, Tu Liem district, Hoai Duc, Ha Dong - 1930), Guidelines traditional rituals Cot village (Yen Hoa Ward); Question booklet in 1996 (Materials of the house of Nguyen Van Son); In that Bach Lien see the original sign is ancient books still exist to this day The book by Nguyen Quang Dich in Ha Yen Quyet village written in Han in Minh Mang No.14 (1833) In addition, we also collected records of the village relics such as: relics resume of Ha Yen Quyet Family House Resolution (Cultural and information facilities of HN - 1993), Curricula vitae historic church the Hoang (Cultural and information departments hanoi - 1994), Curricula vitae historic church the Nguyen Nhu Uyen (Cultural and information facilities of HN - 1994), Curricula vitae historic church architecture the Nguyen Yen Hoa (Cultural and information departments hanoi, 1994) + Research methods: Dissertation research methods applied in the direction of the area to learn to research mainstream Research methods in the direction of history primarily to fully exploit the historical source, the information and materials on the village of Cot When research on issues related to our current investigation in the form of using sociological surveys, in-depth interviews conducted over the last try of the elders in the village on the changes of villages in different periods of history Contribution of the thesis First of all, the thesis was collected and the system provides additional research materials on an ancient village rich cultural traditions in the process of urbanization and strong change towards modernity The second, the thesis presents an overview of natural conditions, the formation and the basic characteristics of the traditional village of Cot The third: A comparison, for the village of Cot-way stage before and after renovation to transform the culture of a northern delta villages on the basis of economic development of society The final: On the basis of the state of the cultural changes Cot village, thesis given the overall development trend of the future village of Cot Layout of the thesis Chapter 1: The natural conditions, the formation and characteristics of the traditional village of Cot Chapter 2: Culture Cot village before the renewal period Chapter 3: Culture Cot village renewal period to the present Chapter 4: Culture Village Cot: transform the situation and development trends CHAPTER 1: THE NATURAL CONDITIONS, THE FORMATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TRADITIONAL VILLAGE OF COT 1.1 Geographical location and natural conditions 1.1.1 Geographical location Cot village have beautiful natural-terrain located to the west gate of the the capital stock; a place to exchange directly between the inner suburban areas are separated by the To Lich river Village close to Nghe villages (Nghia Do village) has ordained traditional paper, near with Buoi village (Yen Thai Ward) is a popular paper craft, adjacent to the Vong village (Dich Vong Ward) is a village with a long career as nuggets, adjacent the To Lich river and is located on the provincial road in the city center So, Yen Hoa has favorable conditions for the development of traditional industries, expand exchanges economic - social and circulation of goods with the surrounding area Yen Quyet located west of the city, from Yen Quyet into the city center is only about 6km So any news from the city quickly moved to Yen Quyet and the city where this fluctuation is usually the refuge of the king of the dynasty Today, Cot village of Yen Hoa ward (before in 1996 is Yen Hoa commune), Cau Giay District, Hanoi City The village is located in the centre of Cau Giay District (formerly part of Cau Giay of Tu Liem district, Quoc Oai, Son Tay Town; 1831 Cau Giay district of Tu Liem, Hoai Duc, Hanoi province) Current boundaries of the village: the east ward Lang Thuong (Dong Da district), the west and Dich Vong Hau and My Dinh Commune (Tu Liem district), on the south by Trung Hoa, Quan Hoa Ward to the north border 1.1.2 Topography and soil Cot Village with relatively flat terrain, the difference in height between the highest and lowest place is not large (about 7m) so scattered over the fields formerly low mound In soil, the village's land is not fertile as other regions of the northern plain In the village there is alternating between good land and no good land, land distribution is not uniform Although located near the village of To Lich river but still lack the alluvial soil is not enriched by every year The soil conditions are not fertile but villagers still trying to overcome to be able to rely on agriculture 1.1.3 The transport system In the history, Cot village had crossed the provincial road, the village also intervillage road in the middle of the village The main road connecting the hamlets in the 100-CT/TW Directive was issued with the policy of renewing the agricultural cooperative model elimination mechanism towards centralized bureaucratic level, the mechanism of applying the product to groups and workers Under the new mechanism, agricultural production is divided into eight stages, including operatives in charge of five phases (soil preparation, seed, fertilizer, irrigation and pest control), the household and its members guarantee stages (planting, tending and harvesting) However, only around 100 actually meet early in Yen Hoa From the years 1983, 1984 onwards the number of agricultural workers here on a reduced, aging populations increase the working age, young labor force added little (mostly young people escape from work or cooperative) should this time not all the area of culture Along with agriculture, industry is also of interest The U.S textile cooperative is the leading unit, and achieving high production value Since 1976, cooperatives have expanded quickly found a woolen carpet and move workers into flour processing Since 1981, members supported cooperative restored traditional paper-based procurement make use of paper margins This has contributed to employment and income for people 2.2 Cultural situation 2.2.1 Cultural and spiritual 2.2.1.1 Customary * The delivery: According to custom the child is born, if the son is the family holiday home to fix the row adjacent to the specific charge of the village received books of the Holy gifts and baby boy names that Family book of the village's borders In the village, the old have much to buy, purchase of letters to his son very early, the wealthy son of the village want to position themselves in the village or international lady is free phen complex services spend money for the village to buying position * The marriage: The wedding married in the village of Cot mainly in the form of "introduction", often introduced in the village who married "the buffalo grass was eaten" with more than two types of girls, boys more than one Basically traditional wedding in the village of Cot whether rich or poor families are going through the steps of: making connections, see eye to see the ceremony, Le Van Name, holiday lane mile, holiday food questions, please wedding, bride, cross to pay the village, the procession ceremony beard, dodder International, with full care of members, including the bride, groom, relatives exterior sides, incense bearers, bridesmaids, groomsmen, the mats, who chickened welcome * The evidence: In the past, have a funeral in the village, immediately adjacent to appoint persons to assist The village also specify the ages of 30-42 years old are working in the hospitality village Whenever the village there is the taste of this team meetings to help the family to take care of tasks related to the coffin, carrying, her funeral and burial Generally the job requires a lot of health and participants * Process the old longing: Custom key is represented by the old rite to the old, old longing, good life In the village the old longing to maintain close family associations Le village is defined as 50 years old and have been on line long for 11 the old ceremony Depending on the conditions of the families that long for the old ceremony is large or small Up to 64 years old are entitled to every detail bordering the upper and longing to eat If that does not long for someone to old age at death is still to be regarded as civil debt 2.2.1.2 Religious beliefs * Worship the ancestors: ancestor worship is a good tradition are highly valued in the village of Cot This activity is associated with the regular worship in the family in the village and the maintenance and care for them in the family As far as how to decorate ancient place of worship, the ancestral altar was placed at the most solemn in the space between the house, on the altar and worshiping many shares as wished stations, incense, all the * Belief tutelary village church: In the traditional beliefs of the cult VN tutelary is considered the most popular Cot Village is no exception to that trend of worship Village with the worship of the tutelary saint and Yan Cao Son Dai Vuong Ly La Royal Buddhist The legend of the tutelary gods also be many books praise and worship at some sites Cao Son Dai Vuong Duc is a saint of the four "four immortal" - those who patronize the ancient Thang Long Citadel Also known Ly Phat Tu is a real character in history, the history of continuing to Ly Nam De Ly Thien Bao after his death (in 555 AD) 2.2.1.3 Traditional festivals Like many other village house in the Red River delta, in addition to function as a meeting place, cultural activities of the village community, a place to worship the village tutelary saints, the relics of the column is a place villagers in the three-day festival from 12 to 15 February Formerly of village churches have the custom of the adjacent pig chief host Day 12 is on the Assembly, but from the 10th day began opening meeting, the program is pasted around the village festival These days, when entering the village, from the Bridge Cot, festival atmosphere was filled with festive flags along the bridge plug Evening of 11 February, members of the same old tools elderly women of the village to the temple ceremony invited (invited) and days later, the villagers celebrate Holy Communion on the three temples in the village offering to home incense, festival Only five major village festival held sacred procession from third temple (Temple Market, Wat temples, shrines both) of families The evening of May 15, villagers organized procession of the holy shrines known as the procession leave the same March 16 to villagers about the home village of Kim Lien Assembly (because of the relationship with worship Cao Son) Speaking to the Assembly Cot can not not mention the procession of life: palanquin procession (5 dragon throne plaque, a sharp trot - trot line incense, a procession jars with water), an incense Procession of 120 boys aged 12-15 (in which 16 women); 130 people holding flags, fans, brutal, canopy, hole set, the eight weapons panicle; 24 musicians, 26 people dedicated to keep the team procession.Hoàn tác chỉnh sửa 2.2.1.4 Education Under the French regime, the early twentieth century, when the script 12 becomes a means of spreading advanced knowledge of that time, young people decide to Lower Yen heavily attended private classes of homeland state school or private school in Hanoi Between XX TK, before the development of Yen Decision learning, "state protection" must open schools at the village level sales, is one of the rare schools of Tu Liem district Secondary schools, Yen Hoa III was established in 1960, first year only two grade school 1961 officially named the high school level III Yen Hoa The first year the school only four-level roof huts, thatched roofs mix together Step into the year against American tensions challenging, teachers and students have attempted Yen Hoa emulation "good teaching and good learning" Five years (1965 -1970) consecutive school is recognized as an advanced case against American in Hanoi Department of Education Also there is the certificate of merit from the Ministry of Education, Hanoi People's Committee and the Prime Minister Pham Van Dong 2.2.2 Material Culture * The construction of monuments, religious Cot village save a lot of valuable relics Ha yen Quyet family: Decision Monuments family Yen Hoa is the name of the village's geographic locations Are relics of ancient villages, families Cot has a long history In addition to the column is the gathering place of the eight adjacent villages, where families still worship the tutelary saint and Yan Cao Son Dai Vuong Ly La Royal Buddhist Family of type 4, deck of his heart, three incense, bowed legs a collapsed church, a picture of the ring, suspected subjects, one of a set of 12 holes, picture scrolls, parallel sentences, a horizontal picture, a bronze bell, trio of bronze, a copper sword, copper incense holder, a mace the same, a set of holes, engines all the dragon throne, the parallel sentences lacquer trimmed with gold from the 1832 Disaster Mong Hai Vu wrote, the Bachelor couple of sentences Thuc Royal Society chord progressions all in the definition of art in TK XIX Chua Ngoc Quan: Cot Village with beautiful ancient temples, pagodas name is Ngoc Quan (with place names is called Lower pagoda Yen Decision) It was built early According plate inscription dating to the 8th Duong Hoa (1642) is kept in the temple proved temple was built at least TK XVII Ngoc Quan Pagoda is a monument of religious beliefs, besides Buddhist temple worship according to popular belief model, the worship of Buddhist monk and climate In the temple a bronze bell bowl of Canh Thinh year (1800) is cast into the Tay Son period Church of the Nguyen: In line preserved their genealogy and family convention with 16 direct ordination * In addition to the historical, cultural and traditional religious beliefs, family, temple ruins are important revolutionary war Ngoc Quan Temple in 1945 in the mass organizations of the National Salvation Front Vietnamese Minh City has donated two sessions of hunger relief On the evening of 18/08/1945 temple is where the rally held to welcome the new government of the front Vietnamese Minh After the national resistance on 19.12.1946, the temple is the cooking facilities, supplies to the army and fought defensive University in La route Cau Giay and Kim Code 13 In the early years of resistance against French colonialists, the column is the headquarters of the Administrative Committee of the social resistance Village as the site regularly organizes staff training reinforced the Commission's administrative staff During the enemy occupied, campus secret cellar family have hidden documents, home is where the focus away masses to spread advocacy on policy and guidelines of the revolutionary war, where permanent battle of the militia unit Chapter 3: CULTURAL VILLAGE COLUMNS FROM INNOVATION TO DATE 3.1 Socio-economic situation 3.1.1 Socio-economic situation since 1986 3.1.1.1 The period 1986 - 1996 In 1986 marked an important turning point in the Party and State to conduct the renewal of the country Regarding agriculture, not only that the commune of Yen Hoa implanted during seasons, fertilization and pest good, respected purebred CR203 pest resistant high yield of tonnes / to total over 600 tons of paddy / nam.Chan collective farming decreased, livestock development in each family, there are 15-20 families raising pigs, the number of cattle and poultry also increased The cooperative crafts, after making a new management mechanism, producing collective shrinking, private production on a lot Democratic operatives paper after the difficult years of the plan targets were removed, self-production and marketing of products, joint ventures with other entities Cooperative members in addition to time in workshops focusing cooperatives also produce more autonomy in the family Cooperatives such as Dong Tam paper, cooperative purchasing, quite developed The years 1991-1993 are strong transition to a market economy State on the one hand increasing inputs to accurate and complete production costs, overcome by the word fake real loss of price subsidies before Under the impact of market rules, industry activities - social service development of diverse and healthy Economic stability to create favorable conditions to promote the Hoa Yen culture and society In good education combined stages: the school - family - society to take care of education, implement the principle of "good teaching, good learning" Primary and secondary schools of social good annual rate of 25-30%, 34-39% rather from the average low is 27% and 2% (in 2009) Pursuing reform of the Party, Yen Hoa people strive for and achieve success on many fronts in the last 10 years This marks the maturity of the organization and management of the government, while confirming that the masses have always believed strongly in the innovation, overcome all difficulties and challenges, promote industrialization and modernization of the country 3.1.1.2 The period from 1997 to present The implementation of Decree No 74/CP of November 22, 1996 of the Government, beginning in September 1997 Cau Giay district is established consisting of wards Hoa Yen Yen Hoa ward was changed When converted into wards, Yen Hoa 14 households with 11,000 inhabitants in 2850, the switch operating mechanism of social management on the ward, particularly Yen Hoa high speed urbanization posed to ward difficulties, try new challenges in the process of economic development, social security, employment, people's daily lives The economic structure is now: industry, construction, trade and services, agriculture, focusing on infrastructure investments such as roads, schools, health care, electricity and clean water for people encourage and create conditions for the components of economic production and business expansion, contributing to local employment In the years 1998-2000 most of the production facilities have invested small and medium machines instead of labor, increase productivity, expand markets As each ward with the speed of urbanization, arable land is increasingly shrinking, labor issues, employment becomes urgent Yen Hoa has solved nearly 200 jobs for local laborers and more than 100 employees engaged in other organs From 2005 to now the village of Hoa Yen Yen Hoa Ward in particular and the general rate of urbanization is very rapid, with many big projects in housing, public transportation lines Therefore, agricultural land continued to decline, the population continues to increase the mechanical employment to people becoming more urgent After 20 years of the renovation policy, Yen Hoa Yen Hoa ward now has a comprehensive change in all economic sectors - cultural - social security and defense The face of urban increasingly clear, material and spiritual life of the people is improved and improved remarkably Yen Hoa People's People's Capital and the whole people determined to make the goal of "prosperous people, strong country and an equitable, democratic and civilized society" 3.1.2 The change in the economic life after renovation * Career Change: Vocational services trade in the village: About 40% of villagers service occupations, mostly sales (food, clothing, games, pharmacy ), student lodging, pawn, stores beauty, motorcycle repair The types of services appear dense in the village, providing a significant source of income for people The craft village is now so extensive as to every code, making paper, plastics manufacturing outsourcing, making the bread, making sausage, rolls, producing pure water there are also other forms of trade in services such as rental trucks, passenger cars, processing clothing, of the village economy in recent years this goes towards the service The economic structure of the village in 2010: 1% agriculture, industry and handicrafts accounted for 35%, trade and services accounted for 64% * Change of land, housing Along with the expansion of the village and demand for land for production and sales, land in the village of Cot with rapid fluctuations The area of agricultural land is increasingly given way to narrow residential land, handicraft production and construction land The fast changing nature created the breakthrough of the village can be calculated from the amount of land the villagers have divided population density, the villagers use the money to build houses, shopping facilities and 15 wholesale investment selling business * Change in living Widened, the village welfare projects are focused, demand for the type of site services also increased The village appeared all kinds of services The market meeting the day rather than the fair form as before 3.2 Cultural life 3.2.1 Cultural and spiritual life 3.2.1.1 Customary * The customs and practices related to life cycle rituals Births: At present, the feast of the row adjacent to the families whose son no longer be performed as before but the village still get the exact amount of capacity in each village by village family or individual statistics The full month celebrate rituals, full of years for young people today are not only larger organizations within the family that the family is inviting friends and relatives to celebrate the child's diet, regardless of your son or daughter The wedding: Since the renovation, along with economic development and openness of the new society, the wedding ceremony took place in the village of Cot in the more cautious, more fullness in eating and more attentive to invite guests, welcome guests Some wedding ceremony was a big change, has no more to bride, wedding son or daughter will also the same deck of cards and wedding villagers son or daughter will celebrate the same and happy with money Some rituals, such as silk roses, wedding ceremony before the Deity was no longer obligatory rituals, even wedding ceremonies are simplified to the extent possible in order touching ceremony and asked to eat at the same time Wedding in Hoa Yen was much different today, the bride with shuttle cars are very popular, dress of the bride, groom most western-style, wedding form in restaurants, hotels Important aging process: Currently, the old longing in the village much more simple, just a ceremony at home and often betel tray of rice, some descendants gathered not stretch it invited the villagers as before The life expectancy of people now more than 70 years of age so long for new homes At present, the old longing to return to the family rather than community, this ritual is no longer required as previously released The evidence: Approximately from the late 90's to early XX TK 2000s eating very popular funeral, the funeral is more expensive buffalo, pigs and chickens; the casting side deck when not eating longer The funeral rites took place in a simple ceremony of villagers visit international rather than as before, the spiritual food of the day funeral home is also much reduced * The customs and practices related to lifestyle and relationships in the village There is a very noticeable change is the rhythm of village life today Different pace of life now past, seasonal agricultural rhythm is replaced by the pace of industrialization, services and trade Population in the village no longer farming anymore, but to completely switch to jobs and services, business, work for the enterprise, industrial With lines such labor should pace of busy villagers also more urgently than in the strict dominance of the time factor 16 The home in the village now are close together, the wall at the wall, not at home any longer style fence, leaving early, this garden other gardens that connection which also walled, private closed door then install malicious established, especially in the streets This dominant and partly reflects the independent urban lifestyle, enhance private property and privacy of living space in each family The family cohesion, family power, prestige ancient family has been a problem in the village, creating dissension, factions complex Currently cohesion but there is still no clear sectarian divisions as before that only a large family of concentration of power and influence the development and cultural transformation of the village 3.2.1.2 Festival After renovation, along with caring for the appearance of monuments, especially the villagers interested in the restoration and preservation of the festival The convention of the village in which the provisions of the traditional rituals such as sacrifices, processions and activities of those who serve in the festival are still strict The villagers villages today are more formal organization, offering more and more, the amount invested festival as well as the amount of merit to the work of the Assembly are very large Apparel festival flags, the international air map, the church, more beautiful The amusement or entertainment and sports activities in the village festival and more During the festival days, the villagers who held flags, singing the family, the traditional games, singing songs dao arts as theater, opera, cockfighting competition Unique characteristics in the village of Cot festival procession is when corporations go to where the villagers, especially children racing run by the procession and the procession to pass through would be health, luck, good student and a achieved In the village festival village not have that which also makes engines for worship tutelary The family focused gathered together to make the home team a tray of incense ceremony, then sell fortune together Village Holy Communion held on a tour through the village, the family is preparing a grand ceremony to wheel through the Holy Communion The house in the alley, will together make wheels holidays, first brought out in order for Holy Communion 3.2.1.3.Education * Yen Hoa High School Currently, Yen Hoa High School has about 1600 students In the 2008-2009 school students learning capacity ratio reached 13.78% Good, good degree reached 66.34% rate of graduates reached 99.2% Every year, the school has won several high students in the gifted students for exams County, city and country With these achievements, Yen Hoa High School in 2006 by the Ministry of Education ranked 25/100 high schools have the best quality of training nationwide According to the Ministry of Education of the University Exam Results - Colleges 2009-2010 school year, Yen Hoa High School ranked 64th in the top 200 high schools have higher test scores most universities across the country and in the top schools nonprofessional high school of the University of HN with the highest scores * Yen Hoa Study Encouragement Society On December, 2002 Yen Hoa Study Promotion Association was established 17 Based on the local characteristics of the Association has developed the Advanced Assembly Extension courses in three areas: school authorities, residents and family The family took in Yen Hoa's family tradition to educate native children Many of these family anniversary, frequently referred to the ancestral tradition of his father, desperate to remind children to help each other, transforming or teach the truth The root of the Yen Hoa family now has hundreds of bachelors, engineers, masters, more than 20 Ph.D., professor of contemporary Many famous people throughout the country by their contribution to the development of science and technology, culture and education such as the American culture-Hoang Thuc By Tram (specific name of the city was named), Professor Hoang Xuan Sang - expert on nuclear physics, mathematics female doctor Hoang Xuan Sinh, Dr musicians segments, Dr Hoang Suoc radio, architect Dr Doan Minh Khoi The tradition of hospitality, Yen Hoa's academy that lives and engage with the historical culture of the village as houses, temples, churches, places to keep them and promote the cultural traditions of the village The worship of the family patriarch expressed admiration hearts of the people tribute to those who have contributed to the nation, and the ancestors 3.2.1.4 The access to information and other forms of entertainment In each family, information systems are very diverse approaches 100% of households in the village have television, 100% of households have telephones, many have computers and internet According to interviews of our questionnaire, 80% of respondents regularly access information from watching television, listening to the radio 40%, 75% read books, newspapers, 35% talk to friends, relatives Thus information from television and books is the leading source of information of the people of Yen Hoa Fact of life now has too much risk to the health insecurity, many people especially in middle age or more sports activities selected just for fitness, but also helps relax the mind: questions nursing student club, cycling, badminton, chess, human chess, volleyball Assembly of the elderly Village authorities also organized tournaments, stadium construction, the stadium, develop sports movement In addition to the entertainment needs and enhance the health, social activities also flourished The social activities we here is look at aspects involved in the social grouping such as the elderly club, Veteran, club opera art, opera, the question they,ect community recreation such as birds, plants, cocks About ten years the tourist attractions form has become popular with the villagers On summer vacations, holidays, unions, groups, societies, clubs, schools, the children, the family organized trips, vacation, vacation: visit in Hue, Sam Son, Ha Long, Cat Ba There are 34% of villagers often go sightseeing in the summer and holidays, 57% occasionally travel is not the year to year, 9% of group rarely travel calendar Transformation of Yen Hoa culture associated with the process of economic development and social transformation of the village The change in culture was reflected in many dimensions of village life, from small details to a common overall The change in culture was also expressed in many different levels with many different directions that our investigation in this chapter also just mention 18 some of the main manifestations 3.2.2 Material and cultural life * Space and village landscape Currently, none of bamboo wrapped around the village no longer land in the village that became very valuable, rapid population growth is the wasteland where scrub grass banks have been previously used for other purposes shall be for business or live Population pressures and rising land prices has led to shrinking agricultural land, soil mounds, beach, ancient graves have also been exploited to include land for residential and business Referring to the space, scenic villages can not not mention the public space of the village In particular, the highlights are the ruins of the space, the space of the cultural projects such as schools, playgrounds, parks, sports grounds, libraries, markets this work is extended or new construction in the village from the 90s of XX century back but made the important point in the overall village space: cultural Yen Hoa, Hoa Yen primary school, secondary school in Yen Hoa Currently space of the surface that works together with the concrete streets that become urban village Previously the village's public space is also a public plots, farm villages, their fields, ponds and villages but now, after the once divided the land no longer forms Thus, the space of the village also had a change towards a more modern development to keep pace with urban growth * The works still retain their ancient architecture, unique Cot church: Although village had to move several times, but still preserved the architecture is typical of the house with the array Le sophisticated engraving on wood components and architecture profound tinted wood structure with time the executioner curved corners, rectangular structure with the surface The entire architecture home located on a high mound, the court system is made up of the lower level to the outside, the layout is relatively consistent with the topography of the land gradually slopes toward the plains From outside the main courtyard of the family to go through the door we Nghi subjects, formed by four pillars with axial symmetric layout of the monument is mind, body grip head is up to respect the letter of sentences Han Ngoc Quan pagoda: Temple of turning south, the buildings of the temple layout uninterrupted harmony in a wide open space Front of the temple architecture is the gateway Three types of two-story brick building Floor tiles on the roof two-story wood frame matches her husband, rolling door downstairs brick arch in three passages, with decorative brick pillars at the corners After Tam is the brick walkway leading into the courtyard of the main temple On both sides to have the areca and lush plants The main pagoda wood frame brick with tiled roofs, mobile, ground-style layout with seven intentional for two reason, the front forecourt, Upper power space in the rear Behind the main temple on the right is Power Model, architectural style with letters Second two ahead of time, after a harem of three times Electric Model made of wooden frames, roof tile di Same direction as the main temple by a large paved courtyard is the group and guest houses with roofs of two adjacent folds 19 together The group has to the altar between the two sides back to the room in individual compartments Between two consecutive home no investment information ¬ cannulae After the upper temple is a fairly large courtyard paved with the shell forming members around backyard temple The Nguyen Yen Hoa Church Cathedral, Yen Hoa Nguyen family has two houses architecture shaped Second, monetary simple structure type roof trusses transit Harem for bottles, wall gables Cult, most of TK International air XIX (dragon throne, peak copper, sheep, court documents) Yen Hoa Nguyen family church in the overall cultural relics Cot village The church they Huang: Royal Monuments their church is the house number 69, the 34 Yen Hoa, Yen Hoa ward, Cau Giay District, Hanoi The front gate to create a rectangular frame for writing * The restoration of monuments Ha Dinh Yen Decision: After nearly 200 years of construction, the column was seriously degraded, in 2004 the attention of the Hanoi People's Committee, Hanoi Department of Culture, People and Culture, Cau Giay district office, party, government and Yen Hoa ward People's village was rebuilt according to the campus and more ancient architectural beauty of Yen Hoa modern times but still imbued with ancient civilization of an ancient village Cot is a home worthy of cultural relics and history has been recognized by the State Monuments are typical works celebrate the grand celebration of 1000 years of Thang Long-Hanoi's Cau Giay District Ngoc Quan Temple: The temple of this group 24, Yen Hoa, Yen Hoa ward, Cau Giay District, Hanoi The capacious heart always well received, the attention of the authorities and local people for the renovation, repair the temple The renovation and repair of the temple over the years by social capital and the faith of the people CHAPTER 4: CULTURE VILLAGE COT: TRANSFORM THE SITUATION AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS 4.1 Restoration of traditional culture 4.1.1 Restoration of traditional culture In many of the traditional cultural elements of interest in the village of Cot restoration, the monument is more concerned about both Conservation awareness and promote the traditional culture of the village community members is very valuable, but the recovery or refresh monuments are affected by many factors such as realistic landscapes, the current needs of the villagers, the elderly in the village specific recall and record the details of the various ancient relics All of which makes the monument now has fewer changes in both landscape and every detail The important ritual of the village now has a meeting held to discuss population, with the participation of mass organizations, local leaders, the work of stage organizations, diplomatic, public revenues and expenditures are implementation, several rituals which previously only simple and discreet in this monument is due to the expansion of a large holiday village as security requirements, offering star term solution, of death even more and more upon the 20 inviting family home ritual monks Along with the recovery and restructuring traditional culture is the process of introduction, establishment and development of new cultural elements When urban culture, the pace of industrialization has overflowed into the end corner of the village, the traditional culture has been restored and whether restructuring is still not enough to meet the increasingly diverse needs of the villagers had as an indispensable cultural factors emerging The recovery process of traditional culture in Yen Hoa always inextricably linked with the process of capital restructuring traditional culture in the context of the modern village There are many elements of traditional culture is kept in strict compliance with the rules (sacrifice), there are still elements of traditional bold colors but modified accordingly, with cultural factors emerging birth, all blend colors and make cultural characteristics of this village: the village has, both cities, both traditional and modern 4.1.2 Socialization process of the restoration of traditional culture The recovery process in the traditional village culture Cot inextricably linked with the process of socialization activities related to traditional culture, especially culture and spiritual activities This process is shown in three main aspects: the participants, the practice of religious beliefs and rituals, the contribution form First the participants: The activities related to cultural traditions present in Yen Hoa is not the private affair of a number of groups (the elderly instruments, the work culture, ) which involving a large population of components (within and outside the village) and lead (from the village, ward, district ), especially the religious activities held at the monument Villagers are now no longer have to worry about as before, and economic needs food and recreation thrive The cultural activities in the village especially the religious activities and festivals which can meet the spiritual needs, and entertain the villagers become fun for the entire community In addition to the cross and the villagers, leaders and other departments and organizations from local to higher levels are also frequently present and actively participate in village festivals Participants in the traditional cultural activities in Yen Hoa now have journalists, researchers Cultural and academic traditions, festivals, historic the village has become the object of study and research of the most interest But recently the practice of religious beliefs, ceremonies, societies, the whole village becomes more diverse and more elusive Demand for beliefs about the spiritual life of the villagers growing and diverse types of monuments in the village should also expand and flexibility to meet those needs Villagers now have something also to temples, pagodas, temples to the ceremony, from the big wedding job, housing, shops and open the company to the smaller things in life like before you go far, the children take the exam, home sick, more relics closely connected with village life, family, early ritual for peace, then the summer holidays, the summer, full moon, st one, even on normal days, if any spare time villagers also through the ruins to burn incense Most ceremonies take place in ruins today have expanded scale than before, 21 close to the village than before, such as, Buddhist, Mass, cool, In addition to expanding and developing rituals traditionally, the current monument in the village also hosts the new ritual, community activities such as summer activities for youth and students; the sports competitions, recreational activities, the celebration, the festival newspaper, campaigned ceremony, ceremony honoring makes cultural activities become more diverse society in the ruins, expressed high socialization and flexibility of relics in the modern context The third is the contribution form: The process of socialization activities related to spiritual culture in the village of Cot is expressed most clearly and most dynamic in the form of contributions to restoring, maintaining and development of traditional culture Which mainly renovating the monument, festival, cultural studies Village, Period of the late 80s, early 90s was a period when the village started to recover, repair or building a new monument, began to restore the form of beliefs, rituals, carefully collected and systematic cultural traditions of the village 4.2 Demand towards the spiritual culture of the villagers Like other Vietnamese villagers wishing Cot gratitude ancestors and the gods have public village, bless the development of the village Most of the villagers have thought that the tutelary gods, saints, the village Buddhist church that are very sacred and always bless bless the villagers, have dangerously new village development should be like today Therefore, worship should be attentive to thank the merits of the gods At the time of village, which also makes engines, former ancestral home, then brought home and not forget to celebrate the church to incense them, inviting the ancestors to attend Prior to large families incense ceremony at home, or the head of their church and in their relics Psychology towards ancestors is not now emerging that are permanent residents in each village but due to a long period of economic difficulty and not very open about their policies have not achieved that it carefully Apart from psychology towards ancestors, the villagers now still common phenomena "born rich feast you mean" in the opinion: "There are sacred worship, diet can be healthy." When villagers escape economic and farming gradually work hard, when the villagers were beyond the need to "eat no wear warm" towards "food and nice clothing" is the practice of religion is also directed to the careful, sophisticated, thoughtful and raised more varied forms In the market economy mechanism at present, the trade or business of a village thriving on the other hand we also have these risks and uncertainties Modern man is confronted with too many health problems, disease, accidents, natural disasters abnormalities All the things that make human life becomes more unstable, more unstable Therefore, more villagers to reach the more spiritual factors 4.3 These problems arise in the process of social and cultural change 4.3.1 Environment Pollution is waste in the village According to Department of Natural Resources and Environment in Cau Giay: By the end of 2010, 8/8 ward no centralized landfills, most of the villages are arbitrary garbage on vacant land areas at the end of the village Appear around the village is the landfill's spontaneous, small spot, large spot, sometimes in the market, while in the neighborhood, the last 22 city, the days spent dry cleaning, too windy or rainy days hot sun, the wind and garbage vehicles spew more parts of the village roads, bad odors in the air makes the air stuffy and uncomfortable Besides waste pollution is dust The number of villagers while increasing the village's land is limited to population density is high in the village especially along the main street areas favorable for commercial ventures Large population, the trade and production takes place crowded, the litter, has caused the amount of dust in the air increases Also the village was contaminated noise All types of vehicles circulating in the village not only produce a gasoline fumes and dust of not less air pollution but also generate noise throughout the day 4.3.2 Immigrants Immigrants in the village consists of two main subjects of wage labor and student housing Of wage labor are also many types: long-term labor, wage labor and seasonal workers by day Employees at most in construction (residential, buildings, ) For students renting in the village due to the increasing expansion of universities, colleges, the demand for student accommodation is growing The team hired labor and student accommodation in the village also poses problems not easily solved for the management of people With nature constantly moving, erratic work and freedom to be really difficult for the authorities of the village or ward in the management team hired labor 4.3.3 Security and other social evils The process of industrialization, urbanization, population growth along the occurrence of labor force employed and students made the security situation of the village is very complex More extensive area of the village, convenient traffic, with many agencies, businesses, schools closed in the area, economic development, trade and exchange should extend security issues become more painful The team also brings to the village many problems as the crisis of lifestyle, the social evils present in the village not just the police forces and security responsibility for security work, but also mobilize as many other forces of youngsters and veterans to participate in and supervise timely prevent evils The rampant theft occurs increasingly more villages in the area though the management and prevention of great interest Gambling is also a relatively common evils in the village As reported by Yen Hoa Ward in 2010 Ward arrested 25 gambling cases, the problem with 112 subjects, but in fact this evil in the village complex and elusive than many Therefore, on the ward to 17 households are pawning business doing business are thriving We can say the security situation of the village is now quite complex with the spread of the social evils and the significant change in lifestyle of the younger generation The village has a long cultural tradition, to promote good management mechanism according to their network of lines but with the rapid introduction of many cultural flow from the outside, making the need for additional labor, rivalry the market of business has made the security situation of the village becomes more difficult to control 4.3.4 Land 23 In about ten years, land in the village had strong evolution, agricultural land into industrial land, services and urban infrastructure construction The issue of agricultural land compensation to the villagers not always convenient, non-compliant derived from both the compensation and receive compensation The classification of land with the compensation rates vary by location and time of upset people When land is highly valued in the village, land encroachment and land disputes between the families is unavoidable A series of conflicts that arise around this problem The vacant place, the land mounds and ancient wild beach has been redeveloped but no less occupied With every household in the village, if it home before the other can no demarcation is clear and stable as today, or cutting out a few meters of land for access roads is not difficult conversation what problems but now these things are impossible Not only that sometimes only a few meters because of land disputes which had lost its village relationships, even cousins CONCLUSION After more than 25 years of innovation, especially for 10 years Yen Hoa has changed markedly reflected in every aspect of life The life of villagers at high levels, infrastructure, rapid development, information exchange and the inside and outside the region is extended As the economy developed by the market mechanism, social, urban-style operation, speed pace of life associated with industrialization the traditional values, cultural elements gradually to adapt and change development in the new context Basic trends and highlights in the process of cultural change in the village of Cot is a traditional cultural renewal and restructuring to the elements of this culture to adapt and thrive in contemporary society When economic development is stable, the village became more open and flexible to change and acquire new values, the village has melted into the urban risk is also a strong time-conscious people strong culture of their village Traditional culture is structured after the period of innovation in the village of Cot bring diversity Restructuring process took place with both the cultural values and ideas such as sustainability is difficult to transform the village (the cultural value is inextricably linked to agriculture, conservative farmers, the average lifestyle, ) The process of cultural reconstruction in the village of Cot-colored urban markedly The elements of urban culture, urban pace, the demand has been established and enjoying rapid growth makes it spread to the village street, assuming the role of a bridge and a social structure typical mix between city and village, between agriculture and industry, between tradition and modernity The modern period to seek spiritual values is the most urgent needs of the particular village in about 10 years Spiritual and cultural life in the village of Cot today is noted for several major investment from various sources and activities merit and diversity development conditions caused the villagers to recover more strongly traditional culture of the village 24 25 ... history, Cot village had crossed the provincial road, the village also intervillage road in the middle of the village The main road connecting the hamlets in the village, inter -village roads remain... society The final: On the basis of the state of the cultural changes Cot village, thesis given the overall development trend of the future village of Cot Layout of the thesis Chapter 1: The natural... themselves in the village or international lady is free phen complex services spend money for the village to buying position * The marriage: The wedding married in the village of Cot mainly in