[...]... A N Leptis Magna I C TR IPO A 0 500 km The Roman empire LIT AN IA Ma jor Syr tis Maps xxix a lg Ur Vo al n Do Dn iep SARMA T IA N S er I P R A Bu g A C I A RA Adrianople CE Thessalonica Nicaea A IR S EP PONTUS YN T H Ancyra A I A M E N I A Tigranocerta C IA AD O E M L AT IA G A Caesarea A D EN E BE Nisibis P P AG LY S CA NE Edessa S CA M N M P IS ID S R Carrhae O Hatra ISA ON O I A IA HO U R I A Tarsus... Issos S Aphrodisias ENE IA R Dura- P E IA PA M P H Y L I A S Y R IA P Europos O L I C ANTIOCH -C O E CI LYCIA LE CTESIPHON Laodicea T Tig A ris Emesa Cyprus Rhodes Seleucia M Palmyra I A Babylon E IN PA L E Caesarea ALEXANDRIA Bostra Gerasa Jerusalem A E Heliopolis Damascus ST S E A CYRENAICA R Amida Tyre Cyrene P O A Crete I US Smyrna EA Ephesus H A Athenae AC BY Artaxata PAPHLAGONIA IA SY R IA PH O... Abbreviations Varro Ling De lingua latina Rust Rerum rusticarum de agri cultura Vell Velleius Paterculus, Historia Romana Virg Aen Virgil, Aeneid Vitr Vitruvius, De architectura Dates In dating, bc/bce and ad/ce are used xxvii Maps York AN ine Vis tul a e A L IAZ YGE S RA ET Rhô ne R AL P CO S TT G R AQ Tiber IA TA N I Corsica T R UPR A Rimini Fano Salonae Ancona M A SI L IO A LU D Ravenna Tarragona Pettua... organized an aggressive and efficient military apparatus, managing hegemony and expansion first within Italy, then within the Mediterranean basin, finally as far as Scotland, the northern German lowland plain, the southern Carpathians, the coast of the Black Sea, Armenia, Arabia, and the northern edge of the Sahara Preliminary to that was the orchestrated growth of the Roman nobility through the immigration... nothing Italy, above all in its coastal regions, was already party to a long-distance cultural exchange in the Mediterranean basin in a prehistoric phase The groups that were to grow into the urbanization of the Roman hills did not need to invent religion Religious signs and practices were present from the ancient Near East, via Phoenician culture, at least indirectly via Carthage, and via Greece and the... Ponto Rem Remedia amoris Trist Tristia Paul Fest Paulus Diaconus, Ex Festo Plin Nat Pliny the Elder, Natural History Plut Plutarch Sall Sallust Seneca, Epist Seneca minor, Epistulae morales ad Lucilium Sozomenus, HE Sozomenus, Historia ecclesiastica Suet Suetonius Tac Tacitus Ann Annals Hist Histories Tert Tertullian Apol Apologeticum Nat Ad nationes Spect De spectaculis Val Max Valerius Maximus Abbreviations... been a lecturer in Roman culture and history at the University of Durham Annemarie Kaufmann-Heinimann studied at the universities of Basel and Bonn She is a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London, and a research associate of the Archäologisches Seminar of the University of Basel She works as a freelance archaeologist, and her main fields of research are Roman bronzes and religion, and Roman silver... Tarragona Pettua LWR Sa Dra ve ve Mursa Sissek Sirmium A I C A Arles T T ir C R ON E N SI S Milan VeronaAquileia Po Cremona I B E Guadalqu iv IT E nne ro IN Ga S P A RB ro Tagus A NA Eb Douro Vienne MA IA UI TA N IA S E M M A R CO M A N N I A NN Q UADI RI I AG T E S A Strasbourg UM ICIA DEC Vienna DEL NORICUM VIN Windisch Carnumtum us AN PANNONIA n Lyon AI UPR Ae A PR U I Mainz Trier A e OCEAN NS IC UNE... Paris Xanten Elb LW A RM GE R BE ATLANTIC ine Se LU SAXONS KS S B FR Rh AL ER B HI S ND R I T A I N N IA N VA A NI EDO Weser CAL Ems xxviii ROME L Y Balearics Sardinia Tangier Cherchel MA UR Hippo T I N E TA NIA GIT Constantine AN Volubilis Sétif IA IA Lambaesis ID MAURETANIA CAESARIENSIS M a s NU t l Tebessa A MAURI Salé CARTHAGE Sicily M AC I BYZ A E D Hadrumetum F UM n Mi Sy or rtis I T E R R A. .. Munich and Erfurt offered places to discuss the book as a whole or individual chapters I hope that it will find its way back to these places and many others Erfurt, Terminalibus anno Domini MMVII Abbreviations Journals and Works by Modern Authors AE Année épigraphique AJAH American Journal of Ancient History AJP American Journal of Philology ANRW Temporini, Hildegard, and Haase, Wolfgang (eds.), Aufstieg . Potter In preparation A Companion to Ancient History Edited by Andrew Erskine A Companion to Archaic Greece Edited by Kurt A. Raaflaub and Hans van Wees A Companion to Julius Caesar Edited by Miriam Griffin A. Gregson Davis In preparation A Companion to Classical Receptions Edited by Lorna Hardwick and Christopher Stray A Companion to Ancient Political Thought Edited by Ryan K. Balot A Companion to the Ancient. John Marincola A Companion to Catullus Edited by Marilyn B. Skinner A Companion to Roman Religion Edited by Jörg Rüpke A Companion to Greek Religion Edited by Daniel Ogden A Companion to the Classical