[...]... English, some verbs in the Russian language have irregular stems Some of these verbs, especially high-frequency ones, originated in Russia many centuries ago and have totally irregular forms Other verbs may be presented in the conjugation tables of this book with the stem, but an explanation of their conjugation pattern exceeds the scope of this book; they are therefore listed in the Russian Verb Index... examples of motion verbs are included in this book This introduction is merely a short explanation to verbs of motion At the end of this chapter is an index of the verbs of motion, listed alphabetically under the multidirectional or imperfective verb There are 14 core motion verbs in Russian, all of which are included as model conjugations in this book, either in their unprefixed or prefixed forms They are... repetitive, the start of motion, or a completed event Moreover, the speaker of Russian has over 30 choices of a verb (walking, driving, flying, sailing, etc., in addition to their prefixed forms) to simply say “to go.” Bearing in mind the above-mentioned rules, the speaker of Russian has to internalize a vast number of possibilities For the student of Russian, the acquisition and internalization of these forms... PARTICIPLES 21 Formation of Past Active Participles To form the past active participle using the one-stem system, add -ший/-вший to the stem To form the present passive participle using the two-stem system, drop the final -л from the first person singular of the past tense, and add the ending -вший For verbs that do not end in -л in the past tense, add the suffix -ший Examples of the formation of past active participles... вста + ёт Ͼ встаю встаёшь встаёт THE PAST TENSE 15 The Past Tense For most verbs, the past tense in Russian is formed from the stem and is regular Most Russian verbs have two past tense forms, one in the imperfective and the other in the perfective aspect Note that many type 5 and type 6 verbs have irregular endings, particularly in the masculine form The past tense is conjugated in number (singular... the past passive participle using the two-stem system, take the masculine past tense form of all first conjugation verbs, drop the final -л, and add the suffix -нный To form the PPP of second conjugation verbs, you take the first person singular, drop the final -у, and add the suffix -енный, as in встретить Ͼ встречу Ͼ встреченный The final form is for verbs ending in -нуть, -нять, and some monosyllabic verbs. .. работать.) Although Russian lacks the number of verb tenses found in English, through a combination of tense and aspect one can approximate all English tenses The context of a given Russian sentence will often provide clues to the equivalent English tense 6 CONJUGATION Conjugation In the present tense, a Russian verb has 6 endings, corresponding to the person of the verb (see above) The singular subjects... person) The plural subjects are: we (1st person), you (2nd person), or they (3rd person) In Russian there are two conjugation classes The first conjugation is referred to as the -е- type (ё when stressed), and the second conjugation is referred to as the -и- type Below are the endings of the two conjugation classes for the present tense Class II is used for type 2 regular verbs All other regular verbs. .. imperfective verbs) or the 1st person singular or plural future ending with perfective verbs The second person is the primary command form, either in the informal or formal The third person is used for the the command “Let him/her ” Пускай is a conversational form for the third person also In addition, the infinitive is an of cial form used by the military, police, etc Examples would be the military... this example of the verb “to drink,” the emphasis is on the implied repetitive nature of his actions By using the imperfective aspect, the implication is that it was not a onetime action THE FUTURE TENSE 17 The Future Tense The future tense in Russian has two forms - imperfective and perfective In the imperfective aspect, the future tense is known as the compound future It is formed by using the appropriate . presented in the conjugation tables of this book with the stem, but an explanation of their conjugation pattern exceeds the scope of this book; they are therefore listed in the Russian Verb Index. 25 Commands (The Imperative) 26 Reflexive Verbs 27 Verbs of Motion 28 The Multidirectional Verb of Motion 28 The Unidirectional Verb of Motion 29 The Prefixed Verb of Motion 30 The Verb of Motion. Type 6 verbs end in -чь. Normally the final consonant is part of the stem. These verbs are conjugated in the present tense with the Conjugation I, - е- class (ё when stressed). Often these verbs