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TABLE OF CONTENT TABLE OF CONTENT i INTRODUCTION 1 LITERATURE REVIEW 2 1 Vocabulary and Vocabulary Learning 2 2 Flashcard as a Teaching Strategy 2 3 Traditional Paper Flashcards 2 4 Virtual Flashcards. TABLE OF CONTENTTABLE OF CONTENTiINTRODUCTION1LITERATURE REVIEW21.Vocabulary and Vocabulary Learning22.Flashcard as a Teaching Strategy23.Traditional Paper Flashcards24.Virtual Flashcards3METHODOLOGY5RESULTS6DISCUSSION7CONCLUSION8REFERENCE9 INTRODUCTION LITERATURE REVIEW1.Vocabulary and Vocabulary Learning“Vocabulary is a list of words and their combination in particular language” . Vocabulary learning is important because it is needed by learners to acquire a lot of words so they can use the vocabulary in any needs especially academic needs. Vocabulary learning can be applied in classroom activities by teachers by considering the level of language proficiency of the students so a successfu and effective vocabulary learning can be reached.2.Flashcard as a Teaching Strategy“Flashcard is a cardboard consisting of a word, a sentence, or a simple picture on it” . Flashcard is considered as a helpful strategy because its benefits. Moreover, teachers can also use flashcards for drilling and presenting new words.3.Traditional Paper Flashcards“Traditional flashcards are made of paper and bear basic information, such as a word and the associated image. Pupils generally like using flashcards for selftesting purposes” . Flashcards allow them to connect the meaning of new words to simple pictures. Traditional flashcards can be used in different ways to enhance children’s vocabulary learning, and many researchers have conducted experiments and demonstrated the effectiveness and helpfulness of traditional paper flashcards in language learning. However, traditional paper flashcards have some limitations. For example, the visual clues are only to the meaning of the words, and the pronunciation remains absent. Children may find it hard to associate and integrate the meaning of a word with its pronunciation. Moreover, traditional flashcard images are still, and therefore children’s perception of the vocabulary may be limited to a certain perspective. They may not be able to manipulate or expand the visual clues on the flashcards due to their perceptions, and this could limit their engagement with traditional paper flashcards.
TABLE OF CONTENT TABLE OF CONTENT i INTRODUCTION LITERATURE REVIEW .2 Vocabulary and Vocabulary Learning 2 Flashcard as a Teaching Strategy Traditional Paper Flashcards .2 Virtual Flashcards METHODOLOGY RESULTS .6 DISCUSSION CONCLUSION REFERENCE i INTRODUCTION LITERATURE REVIEW Vocabulary and Vocabulary Learning “Vocabulary is a list of words and their combination in particular language”1 Vocabulary learning is important because it is needed by learners to acquire a lot of words so they can use the vocabulary in any needs especially academic needs Vocabulary learning can be applied in classroom activities by teachers by considering the level of language proficiency of the students so a successfu and effective vocabulary learning can be reached Flashcard as a Teaching Strategy “Flashcard is a cardboard consisting of a word, a sentence, or a simple picture on it”2 Flashcard is considered as a helpful strategy because its benefits Moreover, teachers can also use flashcards for drilling and presenting new words Traditional Paper Flashcards “Traditional flashcards are made of paper and bear basic information, such as a word and the associated image Pupils generally like using flashcards for selftesting purposes”3 Flashcards allow them to connect the meaning of new words to simple pictures Traditional flashcards can be used in different ways to enhance children’s vocabulary learning, and many researchers have conducted experiments and demonstrated the effectiveness and helpfulness of traditional paper flashcards in language learning However, traditional paper flashcards have some limitations For example, the visual clues are only to the meaning of the words, and the pronunciation remains absent Children may find it hard to associate and integrate the meaning of a word with its pronunciation Moreover, traditional Joklova, K (2009) Using Pictures in Teaching Vocabulary Khodareza & Komachali, E (2012) The Effect of Using Vocabulary Flashcard on Iranian on Iranian PreUniversity Students’ Vocabulary Knowledge Canadian Center of Science and Education Journal Oxford & Crookall (1990) Vocabulary Learning: A Critical Analysis of Techniques 2 flashcard images are still, and therefore children’s perception of the vocabulary may be limited to a certain perspective They may not be able to manipulate or expand the visual clues on the flashcards due to their perceptions, and this could limit their engagement with traditional paper flashcards Virtual Flashcards “Since interaction is beneficial in terms of engaging learners with a creative learning experience”4, flashcards with digital characteristics were developed and applied to language learning They are called virtual or digital flashcards, come in various formats, and run on computers or mobile devices These virtual flashcards offer users all the necessary information, such as words, images, pronunciations, animations and videos, and so on, to learn the required vocabulary For example, “ https://www.cram.com ” is a kind of virtual flashcard website, with which users can learn words by listening to their pronunciation They can also view short animations to understand the meaning of the vocabulary, and examples are offered of how the words are used in sentences As a virtual tool, “virtual flashcards can enrich the learning experience through a double (visual and audio) channel”5 Animation and videos also add fun to the learning process and lead to better learning outcomes Researchers have claimed that “ Virtual flashcards have a number of advantages over traditional flashcards, and are a promising alternative method to learn vocabulary.”6 However, virtual flashcards also have some shortcomings First, they are by necessity embedded in a computing device, and are therefore not easily transportable, compared to traditional flashcards Second, virtual pictures are Li, S., Chen, Y., & Whittinghill, D (2014) Exploring the potential for augmented reality to motivate English vocabulary learning in Chinese college students Ruwe, K., McLaughlin, T F., Derby, K M., & Johnson, J (2011) The multiple effects of direct instruction flashcards on sight word acquisition, passage reading, and errors for three middle school students with intellectual disabilities Azabdaftari & Mozaheb, 2012,Comparing Vocabulary Learning of EFL Learners by Using Two Different Strategies: Mobile Learning vs Flashcards two-dimensional (2D) and lack a three-dimensional (3D) perspective that would give learners a more comprehensive view Third, experiencing a wholly virtual environment can be less instructive than experiencing a combination of real and virtual worlds METHODOLOGY RESULTS DISCUSSION CONCLUSION REFERENCE [1] Joklova, K (2009) Using Pictures in Teaching Vocabulary [2] Khodareza & Komachali, E (2012) The Effect of Using Vocabulary Flashcard on Iranian on Iranian Pre-University Students’ Vocabulary Knowledge Canadian Center of Science and Education Journal [3] Oxford & Crookall (1990) Vocabulary Learning: A Critical Analysis of Techniques [4] Li, S., Chen, Y., & Whittinghill, D (2014) Exploring the potential for augmented reality to motivate English vocabulary learning in Chinese college students [5] Ruwe, K., McLaughlin, T F., Derby, K M., & Johnson, J (2011) The multiple effects of direct instruction flashcards on sight word acquisition, passage reading, and errors for three middle school students with intellectual disabilities [6] Azabdaftari & Mozaheb, 2012,Comparing Vocabulary Learning of EFL Learners by Using Two Different Strategies: Mobile Learning vs Flashcards ... made of paper and bear basic information, such as a word and the associated image Pupils generally like using flashcards for selftesting purposes”3 Flashcards allow them to connect the meaning of. .. The Effect of Using Vocabulary Flashcard on Iranian on Iranian PreUniversity Students’ Vocabulary Knowledge Canadian Center of Science and Education Journal Oxford & Crookall (1990) Vocabulary. .. language proficiency of the students so a successfu and effective vocabulary learning can be reached Flashcard as a Teaching Strategy ? ?Flashcard is a cardboard consisting of a word, a sentence,