THUC TRANG VA GIAI PHAP NANG CAO NANG LOC CHU NHIEM LOP CHO Dpi NGO GIAO VIEN TAP SO 6 CAC TRUONG TRUNG HOC PHO THONG VA TRUNG CAP CHUYEN NGHIEP KHU VUC MIEN TRUNG VA TAY NGUYEN Phan Minh Tien - Tran Van Hieu - Trirang Thanh Thuy Truong Dgi hoc Suphgm - Dai hpc Hue. I. Dat vain de Trong nhung nam qua. chat lupng giao due hpc sinh (HS) d eae trudng trung hpc phd thdng (THPT) va trung cap ehuyen nghiep (TCCN) tuy ed nhimg ehuyin bien tich cue song van edn tdn tai kha phd bien tinh trang HS ca biet; hien tupng suy giam \'l dao diic. Idi sdng cua mpt bd phan HS da va dang lam anh hudng din chat lupng giao due. Mdt trong nhirng nguyen nhan dan den tinh trang" nay la do nang luc giao due ndi chung. nang luc chii nhiem Idp (NLCNL) ndi rieng eiia dpi ngu giao vien chii nhiem (GVCN) d eae trudng edn han che. Giao vien tap su (GVTS) la nhung giao vien tre mdi ra trudng va vl cdns tac tai cac nha trudng tii' 1 - 2 nam. Hp con tre. chua cd nhilu kinh nghiem trong thuc tiln giao due. Song do yeu eau eiia nha trudng. da sd GVTS van dupe phan cdng lam giao \ien chu nhiem. Dieu nay anh hudng khdng nho den chat lupng giao due HS. Tir thue te tren. viec tim hilu thuc trang cdng tac chu nhiem lap va NLCNL ciia GVTS la mdt viec lam can thiet. Tren co sd danh gia thue trang. xae hip he thdng eae giai phap nham nang cao NLCNL cho dpi ngii GVTS d eae trudng THPT - TCCN. 2. Khach the nghien ciru Khach thi nghien ciiu: 22 can bp quan ly (CBQL); 99 GVTS; 20 GVCNL cua 20 trudng THPT va TCCN d 5 tinh la Quang Binh. Quang Tri, 44 TAP CHI'TAM Ly HOC. Sd 10 (127). 10 - 2009 Thira Thien - Hue, Quang Ngai, Kon Tum. Thdi gian tien hanh khao sat va phdng van la tir thang 11 - 2008 den thang 5 - 2009. , , 2. Ket qua khao sat thirc trang r Tren ca sd nhirng thdng tin thu dupe tii ket qua khao sat bahg'phieu hdi, ket hpp vdi eae phuang phap khae,ehung tdi khai quat mdt sd dac diem ca ban sau day eiia thue trang: 2.1. Thuc trang ndng luc chu nhiem lap cua doi ngii gido vien tap su cdc trudng trung hoc pho thong vd trung cap ehuyen nghiep khu vuc mien Trung vd Tay Nguyen * Trinh dp kien thiic nghiep vu cdng tdc chu nhiem Idp ciia gido vien tap su (thdng qua su ddnh gid ciia cdc ddi tuang khdo sat) Bdng 1: Trinh dp kien thiic nghiep vu cdng tdc chit nhiem ciia gido vien tap su Kien thiic Kien thiic ehuyen mon Kieii thiic ve Tam ly hoc Kien thiic v6 Giao due hoc Kien thiic ve van hoa Hieu biet v6 xa hoi Hieu biei ve phuong phap luan va phuong phap nghien cuu khoa hoc giao due GVTS X 3,99 3,57 3,47 3,73 3,64 3,39 SD 0,54 0,57 0,63 0,59 0,54 0,67 GVHD X 3,75 3,25 3,30 3,60 3,35 3,15 SD 0,64 0,72 0,66 0,50 0,59 0,67 CBQL X 3,64 3,18 3,23 3,64 3,36 3,00 SD 0,58 0,59 0,61 0,58 0,66 0,69 Chung ~X 3,90 3,46 3,41 3,70 3,55 3,30 SD 0,58 0,62 0,63 0,57 0,58 0,65 Ket qua dilu tra cho thay, trinh dp kien thiie cua GVTS d eae linh vue dat tir miie trung binh den kha td't (3,30 <^ < 3.90). Trong ket qua danh gia vl trinh dp kien thiic nghiep vu cdng tac chii nhiem, kien thiie vl ehuyen mdn dupe danh gia cao nha't. Tiep den la kien thii'c vl van hda va hilu biet xa hdi. Nhung linh vue kien thiie vl Tam ly hpc, vl Giao due hpc va hilu biet vl phuang phap luan va phuang phap nghien ciiu khoa hpc giao due ehi dupe danh gia d miie dp trung binh. * Mite dp ddnh gid ve he thdng ky ndng chii nhiem Idp ciia gido vien tap su Cac ket qua khao sat tir 3 nhdm ddi tupng neu tren cung dupe xu ly theo cdng thiie tinh diem trung binh cdng va xep loai theo 5 miie nhu da trinh bay d tren. • li. TAP CHI'TAM Ly HOC, Sd 10 (127), 10 - 2009 45 Bdng 2: Ddnh gid ve ky ndng chii nhiem Idp ciia gido vien tap su He thong ky nang CN Icip Nhom KN lap ke hoaeh CN lop Nhom KN t6 ehiie, quan ly lop CN Nhom KN ndm vung dae dilm HS va xir ly eae tmh hudng su pham xay ra trong eong tae CN lap Nhom KN phoi hcfp \'di eae lire lupng giao due trong va ngoai nha truong trong eong tac CN Icfp Nhom KN tu boi duong. ren luven * • GVTS ^ 3.36 3.52 3,46 3,31 3.42 SD 0.58 0.58 0,54 0.62 0.73 GVHD X 3.08 3.18 3.05 2,96 3,38 SD 0,37 0,45 0,50 0.53 0.63 CBQL Jc 3,36 3,27 3,24 3,19 3,39 SD 0,57 0,57 0,58 0,64 0,72 Chung ~X 3,31 3,43 3,37 3,24 3,41 SD 0,56 0,57 0,56 0,62 0,71 Ket qua khao sat cho thay, ky nang (KN) ehu nhiem lap eiia GVTS ehi dat dupe d miic trung binh (3,24 <-^< 3.43). Trong eae nhdm KNCN lap cua GVTS. nhdm KN dupe danh gia cao ban ca la KN td chiie, quan ly lap hpc, tiep den la eae KN tu ren luyen, bdi duang, nhdm KN nam viing dae dilm ddi tupng va xii ly tinh hudng su pham, KN lap ke hoaeh ehii nhiem lap, va xep eudi cung la nhdm KN phdi hop eae lire lupng trong cdng tac chii nhiem. Nhdm KN tu bdi dudng, tu ren luyen cua GVTS cung dupe danh gia tuong ddi cao (N =3,42. xep thir 2). Dilu nay dupe giai thich bdi nhilu nguyen nhan. nhu: su ehuyin ddi phuang thiie dao tao cua eae trudng dai hpc, ddi hdi sinh vien phai ed kha nang tu hpc. tu nghien cuu; ap lue cua su "canh tranh", "tdn tai" trong trudng phd thdng Nhdm KN dupe danh gia it thanh thao nhat cua GVTS la "KN phdi hop vdi cac lire lupng giao due trong va ngoai nha trudng" (X = 3^24) 2.2. Cdc yeu td anh hudng den viec hinh thdnh vd ren luyen KNCNL ciia GVTS Cd 3 yeu td eo ban tac ddng den viec hinh thanh va ren luyen KNCN Idp eiia GVTS, dd la: '•^ Su anh hudng ciia trudng DHSP ' .; Ket qua nghien ciiu cho thay. trudng DHSP da ehii y den viec ren luyen hau hei cac KN can thiei cho sinh vien. dam bao boat dpng nghl nghiep tuang 46 TAP CHI'TAM Ly HOC. Sd 10 (127), 10 - 2009 lai. Tuy nhien. eae KN nay dupe thi hien d miie dp khdng thudng xuyen (2,68 <^<3,33). : Trong he thdng KN nay, nhdm KN nam virng dae dilm dd'i tupng giao due va xir ly cac tinh hudng su pham va nhdm KN tu bdi dudng, tu ren luyen cua GVTS dupe nha trudng trang bi nhilu ban. Phan Idn GVTS cho rang qua trinh chuan bi cua trudng su pham cho giao sinh lam cdng tac chu nhiem Idp la "hieu qua chua cao" (61,6%), chi ed 29,3% y kien cho rang la "hieu qua cao" va "ra't ed hieu qua". , , • * Su dnh hudng cua trudng THPT vd TCCN Cac trudng da tao dilu kien cho GV ren luyen bang each giao cho GVTS dam nhan eae cdng viec vira siic: trp ly cho eae boat ddng van - thi cua trudng, giiip viec cho cac td trudng; ddng vien, khuyen khich GVTS tham gia eae boat ddng chung ciia trudng; tham gia cdng tac Doan; phan cdng giao vien ed kinh nghiem hudng dSn; tao dilu kien dl mdi GVTS tu ren luyen, tu bdi dudng Tuy nhien, theo danh gia chung thi hau het eae nha trudng chua thue su chii trpng den cdng tac bdi dudng va chua xay dung dupe cac chuong trinh, ke hoach bdi dudng GVTS; chua ed nhung che dp hpp ly 6i ddng vien, khich le GVTS trong cdng tac ehii nhiem Idp; chua td chiic dupe eae lap tap huan nang cao nang luc cho GVTS; chua cd su kilm tra, danh gia va dilu chinh thudng xuyen va kip thdi * Su tu bdi duang, tu ren luyen ciia gido vien tap su Ket qua nghien ciru cho thay, ngay tii' nhung nam dang theo hpc d trudng Su pham, hp da tich cue tham gia eae boat ddng ren luyen nghiep vu su pham do trudng va khoa td ehiie (X = 4,15). nghiem tiie thuc hien eae hpc phan nghiep vu su pham (X = 4,09). Khi bat dau lam cdng tac chu nhiem, hp lai quan sat cac GVCN ed kinh nghiem (^_= 4,16), hpc hdi, trao ddi vdi cac GVCN ed kinh nghiem trong nha trudng (^ = 4,13), thue hien day dii cac yeu cau eiia GVHD (^ =4,01). 2.3. Nhung nguyen nhdn ca ban ciia thuc trang KNCNL cua GVTS Tren co sd ket qua khao sat tren, chiing tdi khai quat mdt sd nguyen nhan chu yeu ciia thue trang vl KNCNL cua GVTS sau day: - Nguyen nhan co ban nhat thudc vl chinh ban than giao vien: hp edn tre, thieu kinh nghiem trong cdng tac chu nhiem lap, trong td ehiie eae hoat dong, thieu tu tin, thieu manh dan. Tuy da sd GVTS dIu da ed rat nhilu ed gdng trong hpc hdi ddng nghiep, tu bdi dudng ban than dl nang cao trinh dp, nhung van con bd phan khdng nhd GVTS chua quan tam diing miie den viec tu TAP CHI TAM Ly HOC, Sd 10 (127), 10-2009 47 bdi dudng va nang cao nang lire ca nhan hoac ehi chii trpng den viec nang cao nang lire ehuyen mdn ma xem nhe nang luc chu nhiem lap. - Trong qua trinh dao tao d trudng su pham cung con nhilu bat cap. Chuong trinh dao tao chua ehii trpng nhilu den cac npi dung ehuain bi cho SV lam cdng tac chu nhiem lap d trudng phd thdng ngoai mpt npi dung it di trong mdn Giao due hpc. Chuong trinh va thdi lupng danh cho eae mdn nghiep vu su pham bi eat xen den tdi da nen viec trang bi tri thiic ly thuyet xk thue hanh ren luyen ky nang chu nhiem lap la hei siic han che. - Cac trudng THPT \'a TCCN chua nhan thiie mpt each day du vl vai trd eiia GVCNL. vl tam quan trpng ciia cdng tac bdi duang GVTS. do dd chua cd nhiing chuong trinh. ke hoaeh cu thi dl bdi dudng nang cao nang lire cho dpi ngii GVTS. Tren thue te. nhilu nam qua. viec bdi dudng GV da dupe Bd Giao due va Dao tao chii trpng nhung chii yeu tap trung cho ehuyen mdn hoac cho viec thay sach giao khoa. Mang ndi dung bdi dudng vl cdng tac ehii nhiem Idp dang edn bd ngd. trong liic chiic nang va nhiem vu cua GVCNL ngay cang dupe dl cao trong nha trudng THPT va TCCN hien nay. Ra't nhilu GVCNL gap khd khan trong viec thue hien eae nhiem vu mdi. nhat la GVTS. 3. Cac giai phap nang cao nang lire chu nhiem lap cho dpi ngu giao vien tap sir cac trudng trung hoc phd thdng va trung cap ehuyen nghiep Tren co sd khao sat. danh gia thue trang nang lire cdng tac chii nhiem lap eiia dpi ngu GVTS da phan tich tren. chiing tdi dl xuat mdt so giai phap sau day dl nang cao nang lire chu nhiem lap cho dpi ngu GVTS dap ling yeu eau ddi mdi giao due THPT va TCCN trong giai doan hien nay. 3.1. Ndng cao nhdn thiic cho dpi ngii CBQL vd GV ve vai tro cua GVCNL vd sucdn thiet phdi ndng cao NLCNL cho dpi ngii GV tap sir Muc dich ciia giai phap nay la him cho cac nha quan ly va GV d cac nha trudng ed nhan thire dung dan hon vl vai trd va ehiic nang ciia GVCNL trong nha trudng hien nay va tam quan trong cua cdng tac bdi duang va phat triln ddi ngu GVTS. Chiing tdi 66 xuat mdt sd ndi dung va each thiic sau day: - Nhan thiie mdi vl vai trd cua GVCNL. - Dua ehuyen dl "Quan ly cdng tac chii nhiem lap" vao chuong trinh dao tao. bdi dudng dpi ngu CBQL trudng THPT va TCCN. - Thanh Lip cac td ehii nhiem theo khdi Idp va tang cudng quan ly cdng tac bdi dudng GVTS thdng qua boat ddng cua td chii nhiem. . ' 3.2. Ddi mdi cdng tdc dao tgo doi ngii GVCNL cho cdc trudng THPT vd TCCN d cdc trudng DHSP 48 TAP CHI'TAM Ly HOC. Sd 10 (127). 10 - 2009 - Hoan thien muc tieu, ndi dung, chuong trinh dao tao theo hudng coi trpng den viec nang cao nang lire CNL cho dpi ngu GV tuong lai. - Ddi mdi phuang phap va hinh thiie dao tao nghiep vu su pham. - Doi mdi ndi dung, chuong trinh va ke hoach thuc hien hoe phan kien tap su pham (KTSP). - 3.3. Tang cudng cong tdc bdi dudng ndng luc chu nhiem Idp cho GVTS - xay dung ndi dung, chuong trinh, ke hoaeh bdi dudng. - Ddi mdi phuang phap va hinh thiie bdi dudng. 3.4. Tang cudng mdi lien ket giUa cdc trudng DHSP vdi cdc trudng THPT vd TCCN trong cong tdc dao tgo vd su dung GV - Tang cudng lien ket giua trudng DHSP vdi trudng THPT va TCCN. - Lien ket chat che giira nha trudng THPT va TCCN vdi cac trudng DHSP. 3.5. Tang cudng cong tdc tu ren luyen, tu bdi dudng cua ddi ngii GVTS * Vephia nhd trudng: - Thdng qua eae ndi dung sinh boat cua Hdi ddng su pham va cua td chii nhiem ma nang cao y thiic cho dpi ngii GVCN ndi chung va GVTS ndi rieng trong viec khdng ngiing ren luyen va tu bdi dudng dl nang cao NLCNL. - Nha trudng can cu thi hda yeu cau dd'i vdi GVTS thanh he thdng cac tieu chuan dl danh gia GV, tieu chuan thi dua. - Nha trudng ciing can tao ra nhirng dilu kien can thiet dl cho GVTS tu tin, tu chii, sang tao trong viec tu bdi dudng. * Ddi vdi cdc GVTS: - GVTS mpt mat tich cue tham gia cac Idp bdi dudng, tap hua'n, cac hpi nghi hay sinh hoat ehuyen 6i do Sd, Trudng to chiic; mat khac phai tu tim tdi cac tai lieu khoa hpc su pham tir nhilu ngudn khac nhau dl khdng ngiing lam giau tri thiic va phuang phap su pham. - Tang cudng trao ddi, thao luan, ehia se thdng tin va kinh nghiem ve viec thuc hien eae ndi dung cdng tac CNL. - Tang cudng NCKH vl linh vuc cdng tac CNL ciing la mdt phuong thiie tu bdi dudng nang cao nang luc CNL ed hieu qua. TAP CHI TAM Ly HOC, Sd 10 (127), 10 - 2009 49 3.6. Tang cudng cdc dieu kien hd tra vd tgo ddng luc cho GVTS trong viec ndng cao ndng luc chu nhiem Idp „ _ - Tao lap eae dilu kien ca sd vat chat va tai chinh cho GVTS thue hien cac ndi dung cdng tac ehu nhiem lap va tu bdi dudng. .; - Xav dung CO che. quy che phdi hop boat ddng, tao ca sd phap ly cho cac GVTS chii ddng. sang tao trong cdng tae ehu nhiem lap. - Thue hien tot cdng tae thi dua va che dp chinh sach ddi vdi GVCN va GVTS. .,. .;;.^. •. 4. Ket luan Tii thue trang nghien cuu. chiing tdi dl xuat 6 giai phap chu yeu nham nang cao NLCNL cho dpi ngii GVTS. Ket qua khao nghiem tren 2 nhdm CBQL va GV d cac trudng THPT va TCCN tren dia ban nghien ciiu cho thay. cac giai phap dl xuat ed tinh hop ly va kha thi cao. Vi vay. chiing cd thi dupe thuc hien trong dilu kien hien nay d cac nha trudng THPT & TCCN khu \are miln Trung va Tay Nguyen. Trong thue tiln. cac giai phap tren can thue hien mdt each ddng bd. Tiiy theo hoan canh cu thi eiia tirng nha trudng, tiing dia phuong ma ed sir lira ehpn cac giai phap mang tinh dot pha trong tirng giai doan cir the. Tai lieu tham khao 1. Ha Nhat Tliang (1999). Cdng tdc gido vien chii nhiem lap d trudng phd thdng, NXB Giao due. Ha Npi. 2. Bao cao thuc trang de tai cap Bp (2009): Ndng cao ndng li/c chii nhiem Idp cho dpi ngii G\'TS d cdc truang THPT vd TCCN. 3. Bao cao giai phap dl tai cap Bp (2009): Ndng cao ndng life chii nhiem Idp cho dpi ngii G\TS d cdc trudng THPT vd TCCN. ^ : n -^0 TAP CHI'TAM Ly HOC. Sd 10 (127), 10 - 2009 . va xir ly eae tmh hudng su pham xay ra trong eong tae CN lap Nhom KN phoi hcfp 'di eae lire lupng giao due trong va ngoai nha truong trong eong tac CN Icfp Nhom KN tu boi duong. . edn tre, thieu kinh nghiem trong cdng tac chu nhiem lap, trong td ehiie eae hoat dong, thieu tu tin, thieu manh dan. Tuy da sd GVTS dIu da ed rat nhilu ed gdng trong hpc hdi ddng nghiep,. nhiem Idp dang edn bd ngd. trong liic chiic nang va nhiem vu cua GVCNL ngay cang dupe dl cao trong nha trudng THPT va TCCN hien nay. Ra't nhilu GVCNL gap khd khan trong viec thue hien eae