the rough guide mandarin chinese phrasebook

292 351 0
the rough guide mandarin chinese phrasebook

Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)

Tài liệu hạn chế xem trước, để xem đầy đủ mời bạn chọn Tải xuống

Thông tin tài liệu

the Rough Guide mandarin chinese phrasebook Compiled by L E X US w w w ro u g h g u i d e s c o m Credits Compiled by Lexus with Julian Ward and Xu Yinong Lexus Series Editor: Sally Davies Rough Guides Reference Director: Andrew Lockett Rough Guides Series Editor: Mark Ellingham First edition published in 1997 Revised in 1999 This updated edition published in 2006 by Rough Guides Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL 345 Hudson St, 4th Floor, New York 10014, USA Email: mail@roughguides.co.uk Distributed by the Penguin Group Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL Penguin Putnam, Inc., 375 Hudson Street, NY 10014, USA Penguin Group (Australia), 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia Penguin Books Canada Ltd, 10 Alcorn Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4V 1E4 Penguin Group (New Zealand), Cnr Rosedale and Airborne Roads, Albany, Auckland, New Zealand Typeset in Bembo and Helvetica to an original design by Henry Iles Printed in Italy by LegoPrint S.p.A No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher except for the quotation of brief passages in reviews © Lexus Ltd 2006 288pp British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 13: 978-1-84353-635-2 ISBN 10: 1-84353-635-8 The publishers and authors have done their best to ensure the accuracy and currency of all information in The Rough Guide Chinese Phrasebook however, they can accept no responsibility for any loss or inconvenience sustained by any reader using the book Online information about Rough Guides can be found at our website www.roughguides.com  contents Introduction Basic Phrases Scenarios 13 English - Chinese � 31 Chinese - English� 175 Chinese - English: Signs and Notices� 211 Menu Reader Food �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓 227 Drink �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓 243 How the Language Works Pronunciation; Pinyin �����������������������������������尓��������������������������������� Tones �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓����������������������������������� Abbreviations �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓��������������� General; Nouns �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓����������� Articles; Adjectives �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓�� Adverbs �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓����������������������������� Pronouns �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓������������������������� Possessives �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓������������������ Measure Words �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓���������� Verbs �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓����������������������������������� Sentence Particles �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓��� Questions �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓������������������������ Prepositions �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓������������������ Yes and No �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓��������������������� Imperatives �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓�������������������� Dates; Days �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓������������������� Months; Time �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓��������������� 249 252 254 255 256 259 260 261 262 265 270 271 273 275 276 277 278 Numbers �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓��������������������������� 279 Conversion Tables �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓���� 284  T ■ Introduction he Rough Guide Mandarin Chinese dictionary phrasebook is a highly practical introduction to the contemporary language Laid out in clear A-Z style, it uses key-word referencing to lead you straight to the words and phrases you want – so if you need to book a room, just look up ‘room’ The Rough Guide gets straight to the point in every situation, in bars and shops, on trains and buses, and in hotels and banks The main part of the Rough Guide is a double dictionary: English-Chinese then Chinese-English Before that, there’s a section called Basic Phrases and to get you involved in two-way communication, the Rough Guide includes, in this new edition, a set of Scenario dialogues illustrating questions and responses in key situations such as renting a car and asking directions You can hear these and then download them free from www.roughguides com/phrasebooks for use on your computer or MP3 player Forming the heart of the guide, the English-Chinese section gives easy-to-use transliterations of the Chinese words wherever pronunciation might be a problem Throughout this section, cross-references enable you to pinpoint key facts and phrases, while asterisked words indicate where further information can be found in a section at the end of the book called How the Language Works This section sets out the fundamental rules of the language, with plenty of practical examples You’ll also find here other essentials like numbers, dates, telling the time and basic phrases The ChineseEnglish section is in two parts: a dictionary, arranged phonetically, of all the words and phrases you’re likely to hear (starting with a section of slang and colloquialisms); then a compilation, arranged by subject, of various signs, labels, instructions and other basic words you may come across in print or in public places Near the back of the book too the Rough Guide offers an extensive Menu Reader Consisting of food and drink sections (each starting with a list of essential terms), it’s indispensable whether you’re eating out, stopping for a quick drink, or browsing through a local food market BASICS Introduction ~!@# yílù shùnfēng! have a good trip!  Basic Phrases yes goodbye/see you! shur-dur dzai-jyen ~! +| no see you later boo hway-toh-jyen SES @ `12 n OK Basic Phrases BASIC PHRA Basic Phrases how shìde bù hăo # zàijiàn htóujiàn please qĭng ching hello yes, please nee how how hsyeh-hsyeh $% 456 good morning could you please‑ ? nee dzow ching nin how mah ní hăo nĭ zăo hăo, xièxie qĭng nínâ•‚ , hăo ma? ^& 78 , \QW good evening thank you ni how hsyeh-hsyeh *( ER good night thank you very much wahn-ahn dwor-hsyeh )_ TY nĭ hăo wăn’ān  xièxie duōxiè H O W T H E L A N G U A G E W O R K S n tā shì xuésheng ma? tah shur hsyeh-shung mah is he a student? yes bỳ shỡ boo shur no nỗ qựguo Chángchéng méi yŏu? nee chew-gwor chahng-chung may yoh have you been to see the Great Wall? qùguo chew-gwor yes méi yŏu/méi qùguo may yoh/may chew-gwor no Imperatives To make an imperative in Chinese, pronounce the verb in an emphatic way: zhànzhù! jahn-joo stop! gŭnchūqu! gun-choo-chew get out! Ye s a n d N o / I m p e r a t i v e s Imperatives are rarely used because they sound too abrupt The verb is more likely to be preceded by qỗng (please) or followed by ba (see page 271) to make the command sound more polite: qỗng zuũ ba ching dzwor bah please sit down Negative imperatives are formed using either bié or bú yào (don’t): bié zŏule byeh dzoh-lur don’t go 276 shì shur bú yào zài shūo boo yow dzai shwor say no more Dates in Chinese are written in the following order: year + month + number To write the year, place the relevant numbers in front of nián (year); this is followed by the month and then the number of the day plus hào: RTYU IOP{} jiŭyuè yīhào jyoh-yew-eh yee-how shíèryuè èrhào shur-er-yew-eh er-how qwert @~~^p[]ASDF the thirty-first of May, 2006 the first of September wŭyuè sānshíhào woo-yew-eh sahn-shur-how the thirtieth of May the second of December èrlínglínglìu nián wŭy sānshíyīhào ur-ling-ling-lyoh nyen woo-yew-eh sahn-shur-yee-how yījiŭ sìèr nián yee-jyoh sur-er nyen 1942 Days Dates / Days GHJKL H O W T H E L A N G U A G E W O R K S n Dates Sunday xīngqītiān [hsing-chee-tyen] :"a Monday xīngqīyī [hsing-chee-yee] sdf Tuesday xīngqīèr [hsing-chee-er] ghj Wednesday xīngqīsān [hsing-chee-sahn] kl; Thursday xīngqīsì [hsing-chee-sur] 'ZX Friday xīngqīwŭ [hsing-chee-woo] CVB Saturday xīngqīliù [hsing-chee-lyoh] NM< 277 H O W T H E L A N G U A G E W O R K S n Months / Time 278 Months January yīyuè [yee-yew-eh] ~! February èryuè [er-yew-eh] @# March sānyuè [sahn-yew-eh] $% April sìyuè [sur-yew-eh] ^& May wŭyuè [woo-yew-eh] *( June liùyuè [lyoh-yew-eh] )_ July qīyuè [chee-yew-eh] +| August bāyuè [bah-yew-eh] `1 September jiŭyuè [jyoh-yew-eh] 23 October shíyuè [shur-yew-eh] 45 November shíyīyuè [shur-yee-yew-eh] 678 December shíèryuè [shur-er-yew-eh] 90- Time When telling the time, the word diān is added to the number to indicate the hours Zhōng (clock) is optional and is placed at the end of most time expressions The word fēn (minutes) is added to the number of minutes what time is it? jĭdiăn le? [jee-dyen lur] =\QW o’clock diăn zhōng [dyen joong] ER one o’clock yìīdiăn (zhōng) [yee-dyen] TYUIO two o’clock liăngdiăn (zhōng) [lyang-dyen] P{}qw at one o’clock yìdiăn (zhōng) [yee-dyen] ertyu it’s one o’clock yìdiăn (zhōng) iop[] it’s two o’clock liăngdiăn (zhōng) [lyang-dyen] ASDFG it’s ten o’clock shídiăn (zhōng) [shur-dyen] HJKL: five past one diăn wŭfēn [yee-dyen woo-fun] "asd ten past two liăngdiăn shífēn [lyang-dyen shur-fun] fghj quarter past one diăn kè [yee-dyen yee-kur] kl;' quarter past two liăngdiăn yíkè [lyang-dyen yee-kur] ZXCV half past two liăngdiăn bàn [bahn] ~!@ half past ten shídiăn bàn [shur-dyen] #$% H O W T H E L A N G U A G E W O R K S n Time / Numbers twenty to one yìdiăn chà èrshí [yee-dyen chah er-shur] ^&*() twenty to ten shídiăn chà èrshí [shur-dyen] _+|`1 quarter to one diăn chà kè [yee-dyen chah yee-kur] 34567 quarter to two liăngdiăn chà yíkè [lyang-dyen] 890-= a.m (early morning up to about 9) zăoshang [dzow-shahng] \Q (from about till noon) shàngwŭ WE p.m (afternoon) xiàwŭ [hsyah-woo] RT (evening) wănshang [wahn-shahng] YU (night) yèli [yur-lee] IO a.m língchén liăngdiăn [ling-chun lyang-dyen] ty}q p.m (14.00) xiàwŭ liăngdiăn [hsyah-woo] wert a.m zăoshang liùdiăn [dzow-shahng lyoh-dyen] yuio p.m (18.00) wănshang liùdiăn [wahn-shahng] p[]A 10 a.m shàngwŭ shídiăn [shahng-woo shur-dyen] SDFG 10 p.m wănshang shídiăn [wahn-shahng] HJKL noon zhōngwŭ [joong-woo] :" midnight bànyè [bahn-yur] as hour xiăoshí [hsyow-shur] df minute fēn [fun] g two minutes liăng fēnzhōng [lyang fun-joong] hjk second miăo [myow] l quarter of an hour yí kèzhōng [kur-joong] ;'Z half an hour bàn xiăoshí [bahn hsyow-shur] XCV three quarters of an hour sān kèzhōng [sahn kur-joong] BNM nearly three o’clock kuài sān diăn le [kwai sahn dyen lur] ?z Numbers See Measure Words on page 262 líng ~ yī [yee] ! èr, liăng [lyang] @ sān [sahn] # [sur] $ wŭ % 279 H O W T H E L A N G U A G E W O R K S n Numbers 280 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 30 31 32 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 101 102 110 111 200 201 202 210 liù [lyoh] qī [chee] bā [bah] jiŭ [jyoh] shí [shur] shíyī [shur-yee] shíèr [shur-er] shísān [shur-sahn] shísì [shur-sur] shíwŭ [shur-woo] shíliù [shur-lyoh] shíqī [shur-chee] shíbā [shur-bah] shíjiŭ [shur-jyoh] èrshí [er-shur] èrshíyí [er-shur-yee] èrshíèr [er-shur-er] sānshí [sahn-shur] sānshíyī [sahn-shur-yee] sānshíèr [sahn-shur-er] sìshí [sur-shur] wŭshí [woo-shur] liùshí [lyoh-shur] qīshí [chee-shur] bāshí [bah-shur] jiŭshí [jyoh-shur] băi băi líng yī băi líng èr băi shí [yee-shur] băi yīshíyī [shur-yee] èrbăi èrbăi líng yī èrbăi líng èr èrbăi yīshí [yee-shur] ^ & * ( ) _+ |` 12 34 56 78 90 -= \Q WE RTY UIO P{ }qw ert yu io p[ ]A SD FG ~! @#$% ^&*( )_+| `1234 56 7890 -=\Q WERT sānbăi [sahn-bai] yìqiān [yee-chyen] liăngqiān [lyang-chyen] sān qiān [sahn chyen] sìqiān [sur-chyen] wŭqiān [woo-chyen] wàn [yee-wahn] wŭwàn shíwàn [shur-wahn] băiwàn qīanwàn [chyen-wahn] YU IO P{ }q we rt yu io p[ ]A SD FG When counting ‘one, two, three’ and so on, yī (one) is written and said with the first tone In other situations, the fourth tone is used: one, two, three yìtiáo yú yee-tyow yoo a fish yìkē shū yee-kur shoo a tree The exception to the above is if yì is followed by a fourth tone, in which case it changes to second tone: yíjiàn dōngxi yee-jyen doong-hshee Numbers yī, èr, sān yee er sahn H O W T H E L A N G U A G E W O R K S n 300 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 10,000 50,000 100,000 1,000,000 10,000,000 100,000,000 an object In number sequences yāo is used for ‘one’ instead of yī, as in the two examples below: sān-èr-wŭ-yāo-bā sahn-er-woo-yow-bah 32518 (phone number) yāoyāojiŭ yow-yow-jyoh number one hundred and nineteen (room number) There are two words for two in Chinese: èr and liăng Èr is used in counting or for phone, room or bus numbers: 281 H O W T H E L A N G U A G E W O R K S n yī, èr, sān yee er sahn èr hào er how èr lù chē er loo chur one, two three number two number two bus (room, house etc) Èr also occurs in compound numbers: sānshí’èr [sahn-shur-er] thirty-two Liăng is similar to ‘a couple’ in English and is used with measure words (see page 262): liăngwèi péngyou lyang-way pung-yoh liăngsuŏ fángzi lyang-swor fahng-dzur Numbers two friends two buildings The numbers 11-19 are made up of shí (ten) followed by the numbers yī (one) to jiŭ (nine): shíyī eleven shí’èr twelve shísān thirteen Multiples of ten are formed by adding the numbers two to nine to shí (ten): èrshí twenty sānshí thirty sìshí forty The numbers 21 to 29, 31-39 etc are formed by adding one to nine to the above numbers èrshí, sānshí and so on: èrshíyī twenty-one sìshíqī forty-seven bāshíwŭ eighty-five A similar pattern is used with băi (hundred), qiān (thousand) and wàn (ten thousand): sìbăi jiŭshí sur-bai jyoh-shur 282 sìbăi sur-bai four hundred four hundred and ninety bābăi sìshí liù bah-bai sur-shur lyoh qīwàn sìqiān bābăi chee-wahn sur-chyen bah-bai eight hundred and forty-six jiŭqiān sìbăi qīshí jyoh-chyen sur-bai chee-shur nine thousand four hundred and seventy seventy-four thousand eight hundred For numbers in the thousands and millions, shí, băi, qiān and wàn are added to wàn: shíwàn shur-wahn băiwàn bai-wahn a hundred thousand a million qiānwàn chyah-wahn a hundred million băi líng sān yee-bai ling sahn qiān líng sān yee-chyen ling sahn ten million Líng (zero) is used when there are zeros in the middle of a number sequence: one hundred and three one thousand and three Numbers H O W T H E L A N G U A G E W O R K S n qiān líng bāshí yee-chyen ling bah-shur one thousand and eighty Ordinals 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th dì yī dì èr dì sān [sahn] dì [sur] dì wŭ HJ KL :" as df 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th dì liù [lyoh] dì qī [chee] dì bā dì jiŭ [jyoh] dì shí [shur] gh jk l; 'Z XC 283 H O W T H E L A N G U A G E W O R K S n Conversion Tables centimetre = 0.39 inches inch = 2.54 cm metre = 39.37 inches = 1.09 yards foot = 30.48 cm kilometre = 0.62 miles = 5/8 mile yard = 0.91 m mile = 1.61 km km 10 20 30 40 50 100 miles 0.6 1.2 1.9 2.5 3.1 6.2 12.4 18.6 24.8 31.0 62.1 miles km 10 20 30 40 50 100 1.6 3.2 4.8 6.4 8.0 16.1 32.2 48.3 64.4 80.5 161 gram = 0.035 ounces kilo = 1000 g = 2.2 pounds g oz = 28.35 g 100 250 500 C o n v e r s i o n Ta b l e s oz 3.5 8.75 17.5 kg 0.5 lb 1.1 2.2 4.4 6.6 8.8 11.0 13.2 15.4 17.6 19.8 22.0 kg 20 30 40 lb 44 66 88 110 132 154 176 198 220 lb 0.5 kg 0.2 0.5 0.9 1.4 1.8 2.3 2.7 3.2 3.6 4.1 4.5 9.0 lb = 0.45 kg 50 60 70 80 10 90 100 10 20 litre = 1.75 UK pints / 2.13 US pints UK pint = 0.57 l US pint = 0.47 l UK gallon = 4.55 l US gallon = 3.79 l centigrade / Celsius °C = (°F - 32) x 5/9 °C -5 10 15 18 20 25 30 36.8 38 °F 23 32 41 50 59 64 68 77 86 98.4 100.4 Fahrenheit °F = (°C x 9/5) + 32 °F 284 23 32 40 50 60 65 70 80 85 98.4 101 °C -5 10 16 18 21 27 29 36.8 38.3 ˉ 781843 536352 I S B N 978-1-84353-635-2 50699 Distributed by The Penguin Group ... You can hear these and then download them free from www.roughguides com/phrasebooks for use on your computer or MP3 player Forming the heart of the guide, the English -Chinese section gives easy-to-use... ISBN 10: 1-84353-635-8 The publishers and authors have done their best to ensure the accuracy and currency of all information in The Rough Guide Chinese Phrasebook however, they can accept no responsibility... trains and buses, and in hotels and banks The main part of the Rough Guide is a double dictionary: English -Chinese then Chinese- English Before that, there’s a section called Basic Phrases and

Ngày đăng: 03/04/2014, 13:50

Mục lục

  • Chinese - English Colloquialisms

  • Pinyin

Tài liệu cùng người dùng

Tài liệu liên quan