NLfdC NGOAl B6\ veil KINH T^ Viei NAM TRONG N H Q N G N A M QUA T A C D O N G C O A D A U T U TRLTC T | £ P Tran Minh Tuan* Ludng vd'n dau tff trffc tiep nffdc ngoai (FDI), vao va khdi n e n kinh te the hien sff dn dinh ve nhieu m a t cua mot nffdc nhff chinh tri, an ninh, kinh te, xa hpi, la dgng Iffc p h a t trien quan he qudc te d nhieu linh vffc khac Trong han 20 n a m qua, FDI da gdp phan khdng nho vao tSng trffdng va chuyen dich co cau kinh te d Viet Nam, nhien FDI cung dem den khdng it nhffng he luy Bai viet di sau p h a n tich nhffng tac dgng (ca tich cffc lan tieu cffc) cua ddng vd'n FDI vao Viet Nam dd'i vdi sff p h a t t r i e n kinh te cua dat nffdc nhffng n a m qua, tff dd, de xuat mot so' kien nghi n h a m gdp p h a n n a n g eao chat Iffgng va hieu qua boat dgng thu hut, quan ly FDI d Viet Nam thdi gian tdi T o m Ivldc cd sd p h a p ly cho h o a t d p n g d a u tuf ni;^dfc n g o a i t a i Vi$t N a m Cho den nay, quan diem eua Dang va Nha nffde Viet Nam ve vai trd cua dau tff nffdc ngoai ndi chung, FDI ndi rieng da cd nhieu thay ddi Nhffng thay doi xuat p h a t tff thffc tidn cua n e n kinh te nffdc va the gidi Cu the: neu nhff trffde n a m 2000, cac doanh nghiep FDI chffa dffge coi nhff mdt chu the dgc lap nen kinh te thi tff Dai hdi Dang lan thff IX (nam 2001) trd lai day, khu vffc FDI da dffge khang dinh la mdt t h a n h p h a n cung tdn tai nen kinh te Thay ddi n h a n thffc va quan diem cua Dang va Nha nffdc dd'i vdi khu vffc kinh te cd vd'n dau tff nffdc ngoai la cP sd quan trgng de Chinh phu sffa ddi va hoan thien cac van ban phap luat va ca S I QUAN LY KINH TE che chinh sach thu hut vdn FDI va ddi vdi hoat dpng cua cac doanh nghiep FDI nhffng n a m gan day Cd the thay, ke tff ban h a n h (nam 1987) den nay, Luat Dau tff nffdc ngoai da dffpc sffa ddi, bd sung lan vdi cac mffc dp khac vao cae n a m 1990, 1992, 1996, 2000 Nam 2005, Qud'c hdi da ban h a n h Luat Dau tff (cd hieu Iffc tff 01/7/2006) thay the Luat Dau tff nffdc ngoai va Luat Khuyen khich dau tff nffdc Xu hffdng chung cua thay ddi chinh sach Viet Nam la cang ndi rgng quyen, tao dieu kien thuan lgi ban cho cae nha dau tff nffdc ngoai va thu hep sff khac biet ve chinh sach dau tff giffa dau tff nffdc ngoai va dau tff nffdc Nhffng thay ddi the hien nd Iffc cua Chinh phu cai thien, tao mdi trffdng dau tff chung theo hffdng hdi nhap cua Viet Nam va da mang lai nhffng tac dgng tich cffc Tinh h i n h t h u hiit FDI d Vi?t N a m tfff 1988 d e n Trong ban 20 nam ke tff Luat Dau tff nffdc ngoai tai Viet Nam cd hieu Iffc (1988), ddng vdn FDI vao nffdc ta da trai qua cac thdi ky t h a n g tram, va cd the chia t h a n h cac giai doan sau: Giai doan 1988 - 1996: giai doan nay, vd'n FDI dd vao Viet Nam lien tuc tang nhanh ca ve sd dff an, so' vd'n dang ky mdi va dat mffc dinh diem gan 8,9 ty USD vao nam 1996 Cd dffge ket qua * Tran Minh Tuan, Tie'n si, H" chinh quoc gia Ho Chi Minh ?n Chinh tri - Hanh $0 35(8+9/2010) MOI TRlfONG KINH DOANH |^'jjj'i IH TAC DONG COA DAU TLf TRUC TigP NU6C NGOAl D6| V6| KINH TgVlgT NAM la Luat Dau tff nffdc ngoai (sffa ddi nam 1996) da cat bdt mot so' ffu dai danh cho cac nha dau tff nffdc ngoai Vd'n FDI dang ky mdi giam trung binh tdi 24%/nam, vdn giai ngan giam vdi td'c dp cham ban, trung binh khoang 14%/nam, gdp phan thay ddi tffong quan giffa vdn giai ngan va vd'n dang ky Tff sau n a m 1999, vd'n giai ngan ludn vffpt vdn dang ky mdi mdt phan la ky vpng cua gidi dau tff nffdc ngoai ddi vdi mot nen kinh te mdi md cffa, cd quy md dan sd kha ldn vdi tren 70 trieu ngffdi va thi trffdng tieu thu day tiem nang Dac diem cua giai doan la ty le vdn giai ngan thap, mot phan day la giai doan dau, mot phan tdc tang vdn dang ky cao ban so vdi tdc dp tang vd'n giai ngan Giai doan 1997 - 1999: dffpc dae trffng bdi xu hffdng giam manh cua ddng vd'n FDI dd vao Viet Nam, chu yeu tac dgng tieu cffc cua cugc khung hoang tai chinh chau A va mdi trffdng dau tff d Viet Nam trd nen kem hap dSn hon so vdi cac nffdc khu vffc, n h a t la so vdi Trung Qud'c Mdt nguyen nhan nffa cd the Giai doan 2000 - 2003: vdn giai ngan cd xu hffdng tang, nhffng vdi td'c dp cham, vdn va sd dff an dang ky mdi bien dpng t h a t thffdng Nam 2003 dffpc ghi nhan la n a m cd so vd'n dang ky t h a p nhat, nhffng cd sd dff an cao n h a t hay quy md vdn/dff an la t h a p n h a t (Hinh 1) Hinh Von FDI dang ky giai doan 1999-2009, ty USD 70 64.01 60 50 40 30 21.48 20.3 20 10 10.2 1.57 2.01 2.5 ,^^ ^ooQ ^oo^ ^