[...]... etc Figure 1-1 4 shows a typical generator installation and Figure 1-1 5 shows an instrument air compressor 3 Providing facilities for personnel, including quarters (Figure 1-1 6), switchgear and control rooms (Figure 1-1 7), workshops, cranes, sewage treatment units (Figure 1-1 8), drinking water (Figure 119), etc 4 Providing safety systems for detecting potential hazards (Figures 1 -2 0 and 1 -2 1), fighting... potential hazards (Figures 1 -2 0 and 1 -2 1), fighting hazardous situations when they occur (Figures 122 and 1 -2 3) and for personnel protection and escape (Figure 1 -2 4) (text continued on page 16) Figure 1-1 4 A gas-engine-driven generator located in a building on an offshore platform The Production Facility 11 Figure 1-1 5 A series of three electric-motor-driven instrument air compressors Note each one has its... Detailed Engineering 409, Procurement 4 12, Inspection and Expediting 417, Startup 418, Dossier 419 Project Control and Execution Format, 419 Project Control, 419 Engineering Control 419, Project Cost Control 426 , Project Timing Control 427 Project Execution Format, 428 Turnkey 428 , Negotiated Turnkey 429 , Modified Turnkey 430, Cost-Pius 431, Comparison of Formats 4 32 394 APPENDIX A Sample Project Assignment... the shutdown 13 14 Design of OIL-HANDLING Systems and Facilities Figure 1 -21 The pneumatic logic within the panel shown in Figure 1 -20 Figure 1 -22 Diesel engine driven fire-fighting pump driving a vertical turbine pump through a right angle gear The Production Facility 15 Figure 1 -23 A foam fire-fighting station Figure 1 -24 An escape capsule mounted on the lower deck of a platform The unit contains... the equipment Figure 1 -2 5 shows a typical pressure controller and control valve In the black box (the controller) is a device that sends a signal to the actuator, which opens/closes the control valve to control pressure Figure 1 -2 6 shows a self-contained pressure controller, which has an internal mechanism that senses the pressure and opens/closes the valve as required Figure 1 -2 7 shows two types of... 368, Seals 369, Wear Rings 3 72 Installation Considerations, 373 CHAPTER 12 Reciprocating Pumps 376 Introduction, 376 Controlling Pulsating Flow, 377 Suction and Discharge Piping 377, Pulsation Dampeners 377, Pipe Vibrations 384 Bearings, Valves, and Packing, 387 Codes and Standards, 387 Piping Hookup, 391 Operation, 3 92 Bypass Valve 3 92, Variable-Speed Motors and Drivers 3 92 CHAPTER 13 Organizing the... revisions/editions Ken Arnold, RE Houston, Texas Maurice I Stewart, Ph.D., RE Baton Rouge, Louisiana This page intentionally left blank (Surface Production Operations) This page intentionally left blank CHAPTER 1 The Production Facility INTRODUCTION The job of a production facility is to separate the well stream into three components, typically called "phases" (oil, gas, and water), and process these... Production Facility 9 Figure 1-1 2 A horizontal skimmer vessel for primary separation of oil from water with a gas flotation unit for secondary treatment located in the foreground Treated water from the flotation effluent is recycled by the pump to each of the three cells Gas is sucked into the stream from the gas space on top of the water by a venturi and dispersed in the water by a nozzle Figure 1-1 3... travel A helideck is located on top of the quarters  12 Design of OIL-HANDLING Systems and Facilities Figure 1 -17 A portion of the motor control center for an offshore platform Figure 1 -18 An activated sludge sewage treatment unit for an offshore platform The Production Facility Figure 1-1 9 A vacuum distillation water-maker system Figure 1 -20 A pneumatic shut-in panel with "first-out" indication... Systems and Facilities ing these functions often require more time and engineering effort than the production itself These support efforts include: 1 Developing a site with roads and foundations if production is onshore, or with a platform, tanker, or some more exotic structure if production is offshore 2 Providing utilities to enable the process to work: generating and distributing electricity; providing . Problems, 11 5 Foamy Crudes 11 5, Paraffin 11 6, Sand 11 7, Liquid Carryover and Gas Blowby 11 7 Theory, 11 7 Settling 11 7, Drop Size 12 1, Retention Time 12 2, Re-entrainment 12 2 Separator Sizing, 12 2 Horizontal . 10 5, Scrubbers 10 7 Horizontal vs. Vertical Vessel Selection, 10 8 Vessel Internals, 10 9 Inlet Diverters 10 9, Wave Breakers 11 1, Defoaming Plates 11 1, Vortex Breaker 11 2, Mist Extractor 11 2 Potential. Systems 16 0 Introduction, 16 0 Emulsion Treating Theory, 16 1 Forming Emulsions 16 1, Emulsifying Agent 16 4, Demulsifiers 16 5 Gravity Separation, 16 7 Coalescence 16 8, Viscosity 16 9, Temperature