[...]... blending, properties, specifications, and uses of petroleum fuels and specialty products (products made out of petroleum feedstock for nonfuel use except petrochemicals) There are a very large number of specialty products petroleum solvents, bitumen for paving and industrial uses, lubricating oils, greases, white mineral oils, carbon black, petroleum coke, spray oils, and so on—to meet the requirements... engaged in petroleum specialty manufacture and the handling of petroleum products than are found in refineries Although petroleum fuels are generally made in refineries out of crude oil distillation, petroleum specialty products are made in relatively smaller downstream units starting with refinery streams as feedstock A refinery may produce five or six basic products, such as liquified petroleum gas... of direct interest to students and all those engaged in the manufacture, blending, storage, and trading of petroleum products Surinder Parkash, Ph.D xv This page intentionally left blank PETROLEUM FUELS MANUFACTURING HANDBOOK This page intentionally left blank P ● A ● R ● T ● 1 PETROLEUM FUELS This page intentionally left blank CHAPTER 1 LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS Liquefied petroleum gas, commonly called... diesel, and fuel oils, but specialty manufacturers may produce a large number of their products from these basic refinery products There is very little published information on specialty manufacturing processes The selection of a petroleum product for a specific job has become more challenging Specifications and the test methods used on petroleum products are important for the proper selection of a petroleum. .. petroleum product for a given end use Part 1, the first six chapters, is devoted to petroleum fuels Part 2, the remaining chapters, deals with petroleum specialty products The book presents manufacturing processes, product blending, and specifications of various petroleum products To make the book useful to the professional in the petroleum industry, an in-depth treatment of each subject not normally found... rise has led to undesirable air and water pollution levels Environmental pollution affects everyone on the planet During the last two decades, the manufacture and blending of petroleum products has changed rapidly, with a view to reduce atmospheric pollution and conserve petroleum feedstock The lead phaseout from gasoline, sulfur reduction in all transportation fuels, and new lube-making technologies... waterproofing in house roofs, feedstock for petrochemicals, synthetic fibers, and plastics Petroleum feedstock is used in the manufacture of white mineral oils in eye ointment, hair oils, cosmetics, petroleum solvents, and pest control sprays Transportation fuels, however, remain the most important use of petroleum The consumption of petroleum products throughout the world is ever-increasing to meet the rising... oil and from many secondary processing units in the refinery Unlike other petroleum fuels such as kerosene, diesel, or fuel oil, naphtha is not a direct petroleum fuel but is used as a feedstock for the manufacture of plastics and polymers, synthetic fiber, petrochemicals, fertilizer, insecticides and pesticides, industrial solvents for making specialty solvents such as food grade hexane, dyes, and. .. 98 Part 2 Petroleum Specialty Products Chapter 7 Bitumen 101 Bitumen Composition / 102 Bitumen for Pavement / 103 Bitumen Evaluation for Paving / 105 Bitumen Grading Systems / 113 Hot-Mix Asphalt / 117 Bitumen Test Methods / 118 Types of Bitumen / 122 Air Blowing Process / 131 Industrial Uses of Bitumen / 134 Storage and Handling of Bitumen / 137 References / 139 Chapter 8 Petroleum Coke Manufacturing. .. 319 References / 320 313 316 Chapter 20 Petroleum Products as Pesticides 321 Spray Oils / 321 Chemical Insecticides / 325 References / 340 Chapter 21 Hydrocarbon Solvents Nonpetroleum Solvents / 341 Petroleum- Based Solvents / 341 Major Applications of Petroleum Solvents / References / 355 341 344 Chapter 22 Refrigeration Gases Freons / 357 Refrigerants’ Name and Numbering Convention / Aerosols / 361 . alt="" PETROLEUM FUELS MANUFACTURING HANDBOOK This page intentionally left blank PETROLEUM FUELS MANUFACTURING HANDBOOK Including Specialty Products and Sustainable Manufacturing Techniques Surinder. specifications, and uses of petroleum fuels and specialty products (products made out of petroleum feedstock for nonfuel use except petro- chemicals). There are a very large number of specialty products petroleum. petroleum specialty manufacture and the handling of petroleum products than are found in refineries. Although petroleum fuels are generally made in refineries out of crude oil distillation, petroleum