[...]... range of physical properties of solids, including conductive, dielectric, optical, piezoelectric and magnetic The understanding must embrace how the science of ceramics can be exploited to optimise properties, not only through the design of material composition, but also through the tailoring of microstructure and texture Because the objective Electroceramics: Materials, Properties, Applications 2nd... the twentieth century was that of chemical stability and high resistivity, it was Electroceramics: Materials, Properties, Applications 2nd Edition Edited by A J Moulson and J M Herbert & 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: ISBN 0 471 49747 9 (hardback) 0 471 49748 7 (paperback) 2 INTRODUCTION evident that the possible range of properties was extremely wide For example, the ceramic form of the mineral magnetite,... tantalate Piezoceramic–polymer composites Summary of properties 6.5 Applications 6.5.1 6.5.2 6.5.3 6.5.4 6.5.5 Generation of voltages Generation of displacement – ‘actuators’ High frequency applications Piezoceramic–polymer composites Summary Appendix: Piezoelectric relations for ceramics poled in the 3 direction Problems Bibliography 7: Pyroelectric Materials 7.1 Background 7.2 Infrared detection 7.3... patience and help and Alison Woodhouse for her helpful copy-editing Those we may have inadvertently missed have our sincere apologies Finally we thank our families for their patience Electroceramics: Materials, Properties, Applications 2nd Edition Edited by A J Moulson and J M Herbert & 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: ISBN 0 471 49747 9 (hardback) 0 471 49748 7 (paperback) GLOSSARY In expressing quantities... velocity energy, work absolute permittivity absolute permeability relative permeability relative permittivity wavelength electric susceptibility magnetic susceptibility angular velocity Electroceramics: Materials, Properties, Applications 2nd Edition Edited by A J Moulson and J M Herbert & 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: ISBN 0 471 49747 9 (hardback) 0 471 49748 7 (paperback) 1 INTRODUCTION The word ceramic... 9.2.3 Garnets: model Y3Fe5O12 (YIG) 9.3 Properties influencing magnetic behaviour 9.3.1 9.3.2 9.3.3 9.3.4 Soft ferrites Hard ferrites Summary of properties Microwave ferrites 9.4 Preparation of ferrites 9.4.1 9.4.2 9.4.3 9.4.4 9.4.5 9.4.6 Raw materials Mixing, calcining and milling Sintering Single-crystal ferrites Magnets with oriented microstructures Finishing 9.5 Applications 9.5.1 9.5.2 9.5.3 9.5.4... when the electron made a transition from one of these ‘stationary’ states to another In a stationary state the electron moves so that its angular momentum is an integral multiple of Electroceramics: Materials, Properties, Applications 2nd Edition Edited by A J Moulson and J M Herbert & 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: ISBN 0 471 49747 9 (hardback) 0 471 49748 7 (paperback) 6 ELEMENTARY SOLID STATE SCIENCE... relevant properties to the particular application, and how to ‘engineer’ the material to optimise them This is well illustrated by the piezoceramic– polymer composites for ultrasound transducers, pyroelectric materials for infrared detectors and imaging systems, and thin film ceramics for random access memories Their development demands an interplay between the basic sciences, electronic engineering and materials. .. inorganic nonmetallic materials [1] Here the term will be restricted to polycrystalline, inorganic, non-metallic materials that acquire their mechanical strength through a firing or sintering process However, because glass and single crystals are components of many polycrystalline and multiphase ceramics, and because single crystals of some compositions are grown for special applications, discussion... not to present up-to-theminute descriptions encompassing all of what comprises the science and technology of electroceramics, but to concentrate on the most significant advances, which encompass what seem to be the unchanging principles underpinning the science, fabrication and applications of electroceramics However where significant developments are occurring at the subject frontiers and about which . Electroceramics Second Edition Materials Á Properties Á Applications A. J. Moulson and J. M. Herbert Electroceramics Second Edition Electroceramics Second Edition Materials Á Properties Á Applications A oxalate route 100 3.4.3 The alkoxide route 101 3.4.4 Hydrothermal synthesis 101 Electroceramics: Materials, Properties, Applications. 2nd Edition. Edited by A. J. Moulson and J. M. Herbert. &. through the tailoring of microstructure and texture. Because the objective Electroceramics: Materials, Properties, Applications. 2nd Edition. Edited by A. J. Moulson and J. M. Herbert. &