[...]... Fouling factor 1 kW/K = 1 kW/◦ C = 1895.6 Btu/h · ◦ F Heat capacity flow rate 1W/m2 = 0.3171 Btu/h · ft2 1 W/m3 = 0.09665 Btu/h · ft3 Heat flux Heat generation rate 1 W/m2 · K = 0.17612 Btu/h · ft2 · ◦ F Heat transfer coefficient Heat transfer rate Kinematic viscosity and thermal diffusivity 1 W = 3.4123 Btu/h 1 m2 /s = 3.875 × 104 ft2 /h Latent heat and specific enthalpy 1 kJ/kg = 0.42995 Btu/lbm Length... Fourier’s law states that heat flows in the direction of greatest temperature decrease Example 1.1 The block of 304 stainless steel shown below is well insulated on the front and back surfaces, and the temperature in the block varies linearly in both the x- and y-directions, find: (a) The heat fluxes and heat flows in the x- and y-directions (b) The magnitude and direction of the heat flux vector 5 cm 15°C... Factor 19 Unsteady-State Conduction 24 Mechanisms of Heat Conduction 31 1/2 H E AT C O N D U CT I O N 1.1 Introduction Heat conduction is one of the three basic modes of thermal energy transport (convection and radiation being the other two) and is involved in virtually all process heat- transfer operations In commercial heat exchange equipment, for example, heat is conducted through a solid wall (often a... from Perry’s Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, 7th edn., R H Perry and D W Green, eds Copyright © 1997 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Figure 3.6 Reprinted, with permission, from Extended Surface Heat Transfer by D Q Kern and A D Kraus Copyright © 1972 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Figure 3.7 Reprinted, with permission, from Extended Surface Heat Transfer by D Q Kern and A D Kraus Copyright © 1972 by... Selection, Rating and Thermal Design by S Kakac and H Liu Reproduced by permission of Taylor & Francis, a division of Informa plc Figure 4.2 Copyright © 1998 from Heat Exchangers: Selection, Rating and Thermal Design by S Kakac and H Liu Reproduced by permission of Taylor & Francis, a division of Informa plc Figure 4.4 Reprinted, with permission, from Extended Surface Heat Transfer by D Q Kern and A D Kraus... charge, the driving force is the electrical potential difference, E, and the resistance is the electrical resistance, R, of the conductor In the case of heat transfer, the quantity that flows is heat (thermal energy) and the driving force is the temperature difference The resistance to heat transfer is termed the thermal resistance, and is denoted by Rth Thus, the general rate equation may be written... direction of heat transfer In this case, the one-dimensional calculation of q using Equations (1.16) and (1.22) represents an approximation, albeit one that is generally quite acceptable for process engineering purposes Example 1.6 A 5-cm (2-in.) schedule 40 steel pipe carries a heat- transfer fluid and is covered with a 2-cm layer of calcium silicate insulation (k = 0.06 W/m · K) to reduce the heat loss... W Palen and J Taborek, Prediction of tubeside condensation of pure components using flow regime criteria, J Heat Transfer, 102, 471–476, 1980 Originally published by ASME Figure 11.12 Copyright © 1998 from Heat Exchangers: Selection, Rating and Thermal Design by S Kakac and H Liu Reproduced by permission of Taylor & Francis, a division of Informa plc Figures 11.A1–11.A3 Copyright © 1988 from Heat Exchanger... Engineers’ Handbook, 5th edn., R H Perry and C H Chilton, eds Copyright © 1973 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Figure A.2 Reprinted, with permission, from Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, 5th edn., R H Perry and C H Chilton, eds Copyright © 1973 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc 1 HEAT CONDUCTION Contents 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Introduction 2 Fourier’s Law of Heat Conduction 2 The Heat Conduction... W Palen and J Taborek, Solution of shell side flow pressure drop and heat transfer by stream analysis method, Chem Eng Prog Symposium Series, 65, No 92, 53–63, 1969 Copyright © 1969 by AIChE Table 3.5 Reprinted, with permission, from Perry’s Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, 7th edn., R H Perry and D W Green, eds Copyright © 1997 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Figure 4.1 Copyright © 1998 from Heat Exchangers: . x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" Process Heat Transfer Dedication This book is dedicated to C.C.S. Process Heat Transfer Principles and Applications R.W. Serth Department of Chemical and Natural Gas Engineering, Texas. and drug dosages should be made British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Serth, R. W. Process heat transfer : principles and applications 1. Heat - Transmission 2. Heat exchangers 3. Heat. the x- and y-directions, find: (a) The heat fluxes and heat flows in the x- and y-directions. (b) The magnitude and direction of the heat flux vector. 5°C 10°C x y 5 cm 10 cm 5 cm 15°C 0°C HEAT CONDUCTION