MIXED-SIGNAL AND DSP DESIGN TECHNIQUES INTRODUCTION SECTION 1 SAMPLED DATA SYSTEMS SECTION 2 ADCs FOR DSP APPLICATIONS SECTION 3 DACs FOR DSP APPLICATIONS SECTION 4 FAST FOURIER TRANSFORMS SECTION 5 DIGITAL FILTERS SECTION 6 DSP HARDWARE SECTION 7 INTERFACING TO DSPs SECTION 8 DSP APPLICATIONS SECTION 9 HARDWARE DESIGN SECTION 10 TECHNIQUES INDEX ANALOG DEVICES TECHNICAL REFERENCE BOOKS PUBLISHED BY PRENTICE HALL Analog-Digital Conversion Handbook Digital Signal Processing Applications Using the ADSP-2100 Family (Volume 1:1992, Volume 2:1994) Digital Signal Processing in VLSI DSP Laboratory Experiments Using the ADSP-2101 ADSP-2100 Family User's Manual PUBLISHED BY ANALOG DEVICES Practical Design Techniques for Sensor Signal Conditioning Practical Design Techniques for Power and Thermal Management High Speed Design Techniques Practical Analog Design Techniques Linear Design Seminar ADSP-21000 Family Applications Handbook System Applications Guide Amplifier Applications Guide Nonlinear Circuits Handbook Transducer Interfacing Handbook Synchro & Resolver Conversion THE BEST OF Analog Dialogue, 1967-1991 HOW TO GET INFORMATION FROM ANALOG DEVICES Analog Devices publishes data sheets and a host of other technical literature supporting our products and technologies. 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Use the browser of your choice and follow the prompts. ■ Analog Devices Sales Offices. Call your local sales office and request a data sheet. A Worldwide Sales Directory including telephone numbers is listed on the back cover of the 1997 Short Form Designers' Guide. TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND CUSTOMER SERVICE ■ In the U.S.A. and Canada, call 800-ANALOGD, (800-262-5643). For technical support on all products, select option one, then select the product area of interest. For price and delivery, select option three. For literature and samples, select option two. Non-800 Number: 781-937-1428. MIXED-SIGNAL AND DSP DESIGN TECHNIQUES a ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thanks are due the many technical staff members of Analog Devices in Engineering and Marketing who provided invaluable inputs during this project. Particular credit is due the individual authors whose names appear at the beginning of their material. Special thanks go to Wes Freeman, Ed Grokulsky, Bill Chestnut, Dan King, Greg Geerling, Ken Waurin, Steve Cox, and Colin Duggan for reviewing the material for content and accuracy. Judith Douville compiled the index. Walt Kester 2000 Copyright    2000 by Analog Devices, Inc. Printed in the United States of America All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission of the copyright owner. Information furnished by Analog Devices, Inc., is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices, Inc., for its use. Analog Devices, Inc., makes no representation that the interconnections of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing or future patent rights, nor do the descriptions contained herein imply the granting of licenses to make, use, or sell equipment constructed in accordance therewith. Specifications are subject to change without notice. ISBN-0-916550-23-0 MIXED-SIGNAL AND DSP DESIGN TECHNIQUES SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION SECTION 2 SAMPLED DATA SYSTEMS ■ Discrete Time Sampling of Analog Signals ■ ADC and DAC Static Transfer Functions and DC Errors ■ AC Errors in Data Converters ■ DAC Dynamic Performance SECTION 3 ADCs FOR DSP APPLICATIONS ■ Successive Approximation ADCs ■ Sigma-Delta ADCs ■ Flash Converters ■ Subranging (Pipelined) ADCs ■ Bit-Per-Stage (Serial, or Ripple) ADCs SECTION 4 DACs FOR DSP APPLICATIONS ■ DAC Structures ■ Low Distortion DAC Architectures ■ DAC Logic ■ Sigma-Delta DACs ■ Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) SECTION 5 FAST FOURIER TRANSFORMS ■ The Discrete Fourier Transform ■ The Fast Fourier Transform ■ FFT Hardware Implementation and Benchmarks ■ DSP Requirements for Real Time FFT Applications ■ Spectral Leakage and Windowing SECTION 6 DIGITAL FILTERS ■ Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters ■ Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) Filters ■ Multirate Filters ■ Adaptive Filters SECTION 7 DSP HARDWARE ■ Microcontrollers, Microprocessors, and Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) ■ DSP Requirements ■ ADSP-21xx 16-Bit Fixed-Point DSP Core ■ Fixed-Point Versus Floating Point ■ ADI SHARC® Floating Point DSPs ■ ADSP-2116x Single-Instruction, Multiple Data (SIMD) Core Architecture ■ TigerSHARC™: The ADSP-TS001 Static Superscalar DSP ■ DSP Benchmarks ■ DSP Evaluation and Development Tools SECTION 8 INTERFACING TO DSPs ■ Parallel Interfacing to DSP Processors: Reading Data From Memory-Mapped Peripheral ADCs ■ Parallel Interfacing to DSP Processors: Writing Data to Memory-Mapped DACs ■ Serial Interfacing to DSP Processors ■ Interfacing I/O Ports, Analog Front Ends, and Codecs to DSPs ■ DSP System Interface SECTION 9 DSP APPLICATIONS ■ High Performance Modems for Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) ■ Remote Access Server (RAS) Modems ■ ADSL (Assymetric Digital Subscriber Line) ■ Digital Cellular Telephones ■ GSM Handset Using SoftFone™ Baseband Processor and Othello™ Radio ■ Analog Cellular Basestations ■ Digital Cellular Basestations [...]...I Motor Control I Codecs and DSPs in Voiceband and Audio Applications I A Sigma-Delta ADC with Programmable Digital Filter SECTION 10 HARDWARE DESIGN TECHNIQUES I Low Voltage Interfaces I Grounding in Mixed Signal Systems I Digital Isolation Techniques I Power Supply Noise Reduction and Filtering I Dealing with High Speed Logic INDEX MIXED-SIGNAL AND DSP DESIGN TECHNIQUES INTRODUCTION SECTION... ADCs FOR DSP APPLICATIONS SECTION 3 DACs FOR DSP APPLICATIONS SECTION 4 FAST FOURIER TRANSFORMS SECTION 5 DIGITAL FILTERS SECTION 6 DSP HARDWARE SECTION 7 INTERFACING TO DSPs SECTION 8 DSP APPLICATIONS SECTION 9 HARDWARE DESIGN TECHNIQUES SECTION 10 INDEX INTRODUCTION SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION 1.a INTRODUCTION 1.b INTRODUCTION SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION Walt Kester ORIGINS OF REAL-WORLD SIGNALS AND THEIR... in passband, no ripple in stopband), and the response is shown in Figure 1.5 In practice, this filter would probably be realized using three 2-pole stages, each of which requires an op amp, and several resistors and capacitors Modern filter design CAD packages make the 6-pole design relatively straightforward, but maintaining the 0.5dB ripple specification requires accurate component selection and matching... previously derived using extensive DSP analysis (i.e.,sound source, microphone, preamp, ADC, etc.) 1.3 INTRODUCTION METHODS AND TECHNOLOGIES AVAILABLE FOR PROCESSING REAL-WORLD SIGNALS Signals may be processed using analog techniques (analog signal processing, or ASP), digital techniques (digital signal processing, or DSP) , or a combination of analog and digital techniques (mixed signal processing,... the figure show the DSP approach Note that once the decision has been made to use DSP techniques, the next decision must be where to place the ADC in the signal path 1.4 INTRODUCTION ANALOG AND DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING OPTIONS REAL WORLD SENSOR ANALOG CONDITIONING ANALOG SIGNAL PROCESSING ANALOG CONDITIONING SENSOR SIGNAL PROCESSING SENSOR SENSOR ADC DSP DAC ADC AND CONDITIONING DSP DAC ADC CODEC OR... Autocorrelation, Convolution) I Capture and Store Signal in Digital Format for Analysis (FFT Techniques) Figure 1.2 GENERATION OF REAL-WORLD SIGNALS In most of the above examples (the ones requiring DSP techniques) , both ADCs and DACs are required In some cases, however, only DACs are required where realworld analog signals may be generated directly using DSP and DACs Video raster scan display systems... between fa and fs/2 are not of interest and do not limit the dynamic range 2.4 SAMPLED DATA SYSTEMS The antialiasing filter transition band is therefore determined by the corner frequency fa, the stopband frequency fs – fa, and the desired stopband attenuation, DR The required system dynamic range is chosen based on the requirement for signal fidelity OVERSAMPLING RELAXES REQUIREMENTS ON BASEBAND ANTIALIASING... transition region between 1MHz and 2MHz (1 octave) requires a minimum of 10 poles - not a trivial filter, and definitely a design challenge Therefore, other filter types are generally more suited to high speed applications where the requirement is for a sharp transition band and in-band flatness coupled with linear phase response Elliptic filters meet these criteria and are a popular choice There are... Frequency / RF Filtering, Modulation, Demodulation N Analog Anti-Aliasing and Reconstruction Filters with ADCs and DACs N Where COMMON SENSE and Economics Dictate! Figure 1.7 1.8 INTRODUCTION REFERENCES 1 Practical Design Techniques for Sensor Signal Conditioning, Analog Devices, 1998 2 Daniel H Sheingold, Editor, Transducer Interfacing Handbook, Analog Devices, Inc., 1972 3 Richard J Higgins, Digital Signal... to the analog mixing process and implies that some filtering ahead of the sampler (or ADC) is required to remove frequency components which are outside the Nyquist bandwidth, but whose aliased components fall inside it The filter performance will depend on how close the out-of-band signal is to fs/2 and the amount of attenuation required Baseband Antialiasing Filters Baseband sampling implies that the . DEVICES Practical Design Techniques for Sensor Signal Conditioning Practical Design Techniques for Power and Thermal Management High Speed Design Techniques Practical Analog Design Techniques Linear Design. MIXED-SIGNAL AND DSP DESIGN TECHNIQUES INTRODUCTION SECTION 1 SAMPLED DATA SYSTEMS SECTION 2 ADCs FOR DSP APPLICATIONS SECTION 3 DACs FOR DSP APPLICATIONS SECTION 4 FAST. area of interest. For price and delivery, select option three. For literature and samples, select option two. Non-800 Number: 781-937-1428. MIXED-SIGNAL AND DSP DESIGN TECHNIQUES a ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thanks