www.environment-agency.gov.uk Model Procedures for the Management of Land Contamination Contaminated Land Report 11 www.environment-agency.gov.uk The Environment Agency is the leading public body protecting and improving the environment in England and Wales. It’s our job to make sure that air, land and water are looked after by everyone in today’s society, so that tomorrow’s generations inherit a cleaner, healthier world. Our work includes tackling flooding and pollution incidents, reducing industry’s impacts on the environment, cleaning up rivers, coastal waters and contaminated land, and improving wildlife habitats. Publishing Organisation: Environment Agency Rio House Waterside Drive, Aztec West Almondsbury, Bristol BS32 4UD Tel: 01454 624400 Fax: 01454 62409 Website: www.environment-agency.gov.uk © Environment Agency September 2004 ISBN: 1844322955 All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the Environment Agency. Officers, servants or agents of the Environment Agency and the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs accept no liability whatsoever for any loss or damage arising from the interpretation or use of the information, or reliance upon views contained herein. Dissemination status Internal: Released to Regions External: Public Domain Cover photograph: Early development phases on the remediated Barry No.1 Dock in South Wales. Provided courtsey of Associate British Ports and the W elsh Development Agency . Statement of use The Model Procedures for the Management of Land Contamination provides the technical framework for structured decision making about land contamination. They encourage the formalisation of outputs from the process in the form of written records that contain details of specific project objectives, decisions and assumptions, as well as recommendations and other specific outputs. The Model Procedures are intended to assist all those involved with, or interested in risk management of land affected by contamination. Resear ch contractor This document was produced under the Science Project SC02000028 by: Casella Stanger, Blakelands House, 400 Aldridge Road, Great Barr, Birmingham B44 8BH Tel: 0121 344 6100 Fax: 0121 344 6111 Environment Agency’ s Project Manager The Environment Agency’s project manager for Science Project SC02000028 was: Theresa Kearney , Science Group, Environment Agency , Solihull. cutter guide_does not print Figure 1 The process of managing land contamination No Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No No No Yes No Yes/possibly Not known Not known Yes No No Yes Yes START Define the context & set the objectives Preliminary risk assessment Is further assessment required? Are generic assessment criteria available & appropriate? Generic quantitative risk assessment Are there unacceptable risks? Are there unacceptable risks? Is more detailed assessment appropriate? Detailed quantitative risk assessment Identification of feasible remediation options Preparation of the implementation plan Adjust the plan until agreement is reached Adjust design and/or arrangements for supervisor Design, implementation & verification of works Have the works been verified? Are long-term monitoring data required? Long-term monitoring & maintenance Is further remediation required? Have feasible options been identified? Detailed evaluation of options Collect more site data & review assessment Collect more site data & review assessment Collect more data & review objectives o r m onitor c ondition Review decisions taken earlier in the process Collect more site data & review assessment Collect more data &/or review objectives Define the context & set or refine the objectives Not known Yes Are there potential risks? Yes Yes No Can the most appropriate option (or combination of options) be selected? No Yes Development of the remediation strategy Define the context & set or refine the objectives NO FURTHER ACTION REQUIRED NO FURTHER ACTION REQUIRED Is the the implementation plan agreed with all parties? Are the monitoring data acceptable? Can an appropriate strategy be identified? No Risk Assessment Options Appraisal Implementation of the Remediation Strategy Note: The process may apply to one or more pollutant linkages each of which may follow a different route. For some linkages, it may be possible to stop at an early stage – others will progress all the way through the process. The level of complexity of each stage may also vary and in some cases may be very simple. Environment Agency Contaminated Land Report 11 1 Contents Part 1 Procedures Acknowledgements 4 Foreword 5 Chapter 1 Overview of Model Procedures 6 1.1 Understanding land contamination 6 1.2 Managing risks from land contamination 7 1.3 Risk management and the Model Procedures 9 1.4 Using the Model Procedures 11 1.5 How the Model Procedures are presented 11 Chapter 2 Risk Assessment 13 2.1 Overview 16 2.2 Preliminary risk assessment 16 2.3 Generic quantitative risk assessment 18 2.4 Detailed quantitative risk assessment 20 Chapter 3 Options Appraisal 22 3.1 Overview 22 3.2 Identification of feasible remediation options 27 3.3 Detailed evaluation of options 29 3.4 Developing the remediation strategy 31 Chapter 4 Implementation of the Remediation Strategy 33 4.1 Overview 33 4.2 Preparing the implementation plan 38 4.3 Design, implementation and verification 40 4.4 Long-term monitoring and maintenance 42 Chapter 5 References and glossar y 44 5.1 References 44 5.2 Glossary 44 Part 2 Supporting Information Introduction to Part 2 47 T ypes of supporting information 48 Guide to arrangement of supporting information 49 Supporting Information for Risk Assessment 50 Preliminary Risk Assessment (Section 2.2 of Part 1) 51 Generic Quantitative Risk Assessment (Section 2.3 of Part 1) 60 Environment Agency Contaminated Land Report 11 2 Detailed Quantitative Risk Assessment (Section 2.4 of Part 1) 74 Supporting Information for Options Appraisal 86 Identification of Feasible Remediation Options (Section 3.2 of Part 1) 87 Detailed Evaluation of Options (Section 3.3 of Part 1) 105 Developing the Remediation Strategy (Section 3.4 of Part 1) 117 Supporting Information for Implementation of the Remediation Strategy 121 Preparing the Implementation Plan (Section 4.2 of Part 1) 122 Design, Implementation and Verification (Section 4.3 of Part 1) 131 Long-term Monitoring and Maintenance (Section 4.4 of Part 1) 149 Part 3 Information Map INFO-RA Key Information Sources: Risk Assessment 158 INFO-OA Key Information Sources: Options Appraisal 159 INFO-IMP Key Information Sources: Implementation of the Remediation Strategy 160 INFO-SC Key Information Sources: Site Characterisation 161 INFO-PM Key Information Sources: Project Management 162 INFO-RA1 Key Information Sources: Preliminary Risk Assessment 163 INFO-RA2-1 Key Information Sources: Risk Assessment – General 165 INFO-RA2-2 Key Information Sources: Risk Assessment – Human Health 167 INFO-RA2-3 Key Information Sources: Risk Assessment – Water Environment 170 INFO-RA2-4 Key Information Sources: Risk Assessment – Gases and Vapours 172 INFO-RA2-5 Key Information Sources: Risk Assessment – Ecological Systems 174 INFO-RA2-6 Key Information Sources: Risk Assessment – Buildings and Services 175 INFO-OA1 Key Information Sour ces: Options Appraisal – Identification of Feasible Remediation Options 176 INFO-OA2 Key Information Sources: Options Appraisal – Detailed Evaluation of Options 178 INFO-IMP1 Key Information Sources: Implementation of the Remediation Strategy – Planning 182 INFO-IMP2 Key Information Sources: Implementation of the Remediation Strategy – Implementation, V erification and Monitoring 182 INFO-SC1 Key Information Sources: Site Characterisation – General 183 INFO-SC2 Key Information Sources: Site Characterisation – Sampling Design 184 INFO-SC3 Key Information Sources: Site Characterisation – Field and Laboratory Analysis 185 INFO-PM1 Key Information Sources: Project Management – Guidance Specific to a Particular Industrial or Commer cial Sector 186 INFO-PM2 Key Information Sources : Project Management – Health and Safety and Quality Management 188 INFO-PM3 Key Information Sour ces : Project Management – Communication 189 Information Map – Abbreviations And Document Sour ce Details 190 Contact Details for Copies of Documents 191 I [...]... explanation of the background to the risk assessment, the basis for the development of the conceptual model, the evaluation of the potential risks and the basis for the decision on what happens next Technical activities The steps shown in Figure 2A set out the model procedure for carrying out a preliminary risk assessment The banners to the right show the location of key supporting information in Part 2 of the. .. in the same way I Other characteristics of the site also affect the nature and level of risk in any case For example, the nature of the soil, the local climate and the underlying geology and hydrogeology all affect the risk presented by contamination This is the definition used in the Model Procedures, in the specific context of risks to health and the environment from land contamination Taking these...1 Overview of Model Procedures The Model Procedures for the Management of Land Contamination are intended to provide the technical framework for structured decision-making about land contamination .The basic process can be adapted to apply in a range of regulatory and management contexts, subject to any specific constraints arising from these contexts The Model Procedures are intended to... above 1.5 I How the Model Procedures are presented The Model Procedures consist of three parts – Procedures, Supporting Information and the Information Map These provide a hierarchy of information, in which Part 1 sets out the framework of the process, Part 2 provides further technical detail to support the process and Part 3 contains sources of further information and guidance Part 1 – Procedures Part... defined in large part by the particular condition and circumstances of any individual piece of land The details of the use of the land itself, as well as surrounding land, determine whether particular receptors and pathways are present and, if they are, the extent to which they might potentially be affected by contamination The environmental setting of the land, for example, the surrounding and underlying... – the pollutant linkages identified based on the development of the conceptual model; the generic assessment criteria used to assess risks; the unacceptable risks identified; and the proposed next steps in relation to the site An explanation of the development of the conceptual model (in particular the results of site investigation); the selection of criteria and assumptions; the evaluation of the potential... legal requirements Who should use the Model Procedures? Part 2 – Supporting Information Part 2 contains detailed supporting information to the procedures contained in Part 1, presented in the form of information boxes These contain examples of the inputs, tools, criteria and outputs used or generated throughout the process of risk management To facilitate the use of the information boxes, each is ‘badged’... Criteria for judging whether or not there are unacceptable risks The risk assessment process focuses on the question of whether there is an unacceptable risk, which will depend on the circumstances of the site and the context of the decision The selection of transparent and appropriate criteria is critical There can be different criteria for different receptors For example, under the Part IIA regime, the. .. conceptual model (in particular the results of site investigation); the development and choice of criteria, tools and assumptions for risk estimation; the evaluation of the potential risks; and the basis for the decision on what happens next Technical activities The steps shown in Figure 2C set out the model procedure for carrying out detailed quantitative risk assessment The banners to the right show the. .. stage of Model Procedures The purpose of preliminary risk assessment is to develop an initial conceptual model of the site and establish whether or not there are potentially unacceptable risks At the beginning of this stage the person who carries out the risk assessment – the assessor – has identified the site to be considered and the context for the risk assessment During this stage the assessor collects . in the Model Procedures, in the specific context of risks to health and the environment from land contamination. The idea of the “pollutant linkage” In the context of land contamination, there. greenfield land. The Model Procedures for the Management of Land Contamination, CLR 11, have been developed to provide the technical framework for applying a risk management process when dealing with land affected. in the form of information boxes. These contain examples of the inputs, tools, criteria and outputs used or generated throughout the process of risk management. To facilitate the use of the information