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Encyclopedia of Major
League Baseball Clubs,
Volumes 1 & 2
Edited by
Steven A. Riess
Greenwood Press
Encyclopedia of
Major League Baseball Clubs
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF
Major League
Baseball Clubs
VOLUME I
|
THE NATIONAL LEAGUE
Edited by Steven A. Riess
Greenwood Press
Westport, Connecticut • London
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Encyclopedia of Major League Baseball clubs / edited by Steven A. Riess.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0–313–32991–5 (set : alk. paper) – ISBN 0–313–32992–3 (v. I : alk. paper).
– ISBN 0–313–32993–1 (v. II : alk. paper).
1. Baseball teams—United States—History—Encyclopedias. 2. Major League
Baseball (Organization)—History—Encyclopedias. I. Riess, Steven A.
GV875.A1E52 2006
796.357'640973—dc22 2006015368
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available.
Copyright © 2006 by Steven A. Riess
All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be
reproduced, by any process or technique, without the
express written consent of the publisher.
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2006015368
ISBN: 0–313–32991–5 (set)
0–313–32992–3 (vol. I)
0–313–32993–1 (vol. II)
First published in 2006
Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881
An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc.
www.greenwood.com
Printed in the United States of America
The paper used in this book complies with the
Permanent Paper Standard issued by the
National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48–1984).
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
Introduction: A Brief History of Major League Baseball Teams ix
Steven A. Riess
THE NATIONAL LEAGUE, VOLUME I
1. Arizona Diamondbacks 3
Laura A. Purcell and John H. Jordan
2. Atlanta Braves 13
David Stevens
3. Chicago Cubs 55
John E. Findling
4. Cincinnati Reds 99
Edward J. Rielly
5. Colorado Rockies 143
Thomas L. Altherr
6. Florida Marlins 153
Kevin B. Witherspoon
7. Houston Astros 163
Benjamin D. Lisle
8. Los Angeles Dodgers 181
Steven P. Gietschier
9. Milwaukee Brewers 225
John McCarthy and Christopher Miller
10. New York Mets 239
Maureen Smith
11. Philadelphia Phillies 257
John P. Rossi
12. Pittsburgh Pirates 299
Richard Peterson
13. San Diego Padres 339
Sarah Trembanis
14. San Francisco Giants 355
Andrew Goldblatt
15. St. Louis Cardinals 401
Jon David Cash
16. Washington Nationals 447
Michel Vigneault
THE AMERICAN LEAGUE, VOLUME II
17. Baltimore Orioles 465
William A. Borst
18. Boston Red Sox 499
Robert K. Barney and David E. Barney
19. Chicago White Sox 535
Richard C. Lindberg
20. Cleveland Indians 571
Philip C. Suchma
21. Detroit Tigers 605
Steven A. Riess
22. Kansas City Royals 639
Myles Schrag
23. Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim 655
Joel S. Franks
vi Contents
24. Minnesota Twins 671
Kristin M. Anderson and Christopher W. Kimball
25. New York Yankees 705
Steven A. Riess
26. Oakland Athletics 757
Robert F. Lewis II
27. Seattle Mariners 801
Adam R. Hornbuckle
28. Tampa Bay Devil Rays 815
Paul M. Pedersen
29. Texas Rangers 825
Jarrod Schenewark
30. Toronto Blue Jays 843
Russell Field
Appendix A: National League Season Standings, 1876–2005 861
Appendix B: American League Season Standings, 1901–2005 891
Appendix C: National League Team Total Attendance,
2005–1890 915
Appendix D: National League Team Daily Average Attendance,
2005–1890 923
Appendix E: National League Team Attendance Rankings,
2005–1890 931
Appendix F: American League Team Total Attendance,
2005–1901 939
Appendix G: American League Team Average Daily Attendance,
2005–1901 947
Appendix H: American League Team Attendance Rankings,
2005–1901 955
Appendix I: National League Team Consolidated Profi t and
Loss, 1920–56 (Dollars) 963
Appendix J: National League Team Dividends, 1920–56
(Dollars) 965
Appendix K: American League Team Consolidated Profi t and
Loss, 1920–56 (Dollars) 967
Contents vii
viii Contents
Appendix L: American League Team Dividends, 1920–56
(Dollars) 969
Appendix M: Major League Baseball Team Salaries, Selected
Years 971
Appendix N: Estimated MLB Revenues/Income, Franchise
Values (in Millions), and Salaries, 1990–2004 975
Appendix O: Major League Team Payrolls, 1987–1989,
2005–2006 999
Appendix P: Major League Ballparks, 2006 1005
Appendix Q: Major League Ballparks used by Current Teams,
with Name Changes 1009
Bibliography 1015
Index 1037
About the Editor and Contributors 1061
Introduction: A Brief History
of Major League Baseball Teams
Steven A. Riess
The cornerstone of Major League Baseball has been the leagues and their
teams. The majors are comprised of the National League, which dates back to
1876, and the American League, which became a major operation in 1901. The
NL was itself predated by the National Association of Professional Base Ball
Players (1871–75), which was arguably the fi rst major league. The NL itself op-
erated in conjunction with the American Association, a major league from 1882
to 1891, and was rivaled by the short-lived Union Association in 1884 and the
Players’ League in 1890. Since then the only other league to proclaim itself a
major league was the Federal League (1914–15), which at its death merged into
the established big leagues.
The major leagues currently have 30 members, some of which date back
over 125 years to the start of the NL, while Arizona and Tampa Bay just began
in 1998. The NL now consists of 16 teams; the AL consists of 14. They are part
of the most stable professional sports league in perhaps the entire world. No
franchise has gone out of business for over 100 years, and between 1903 and
1952, no franchise even moved from one city to another.
Baseball became the national pastime in the 1850s, and has long been the
preeminent team sport in North America. However, the fi rst team sports in
the United States and Canada were Native American contests like lacrosse
and shinny. The initial Euro-American team sport was cricket, brought to the
colonies by the English before the Revolutionary War. It became very popular
by the 1840s when a cricket fad emerged in the Northeast among English im-
migrants and middle-class Americans. By 1860 there were some 400 cricket
clubs and 10,000 players.
[...]... have purchased naming rights include Petco in San Diego and Comerica in Detroit Their management believes this investment enhances their visibility and displays hometown boosterism This support is particularly keen among financial institutions like Citizens’ Bank in Philadelphia, Chase in Arizona, Great American Insurance xxiii xxiv Introduction Company in Cincinnati, and PNC Bank in Pittsburgh, as well... first league switch since the American Association went out of business in 1891 The leagues divided themselves into three divisions in 1994, setting up a four-team playoff format with a wild card Then, in 1997, interleague play was initiated to increase fan interest There was more parity in the 1970s and 1980s, in part because the new format enabled more opportunities to win at least a divisional title,... limited partners Only 24 partners participated, raising $24 million for the franchise In 2000 a late-season swoon caused the Diamondbacks to finish in third place in the NL West with an 85–77 record The starting pitching got a big boost 5 6 Encyclopedia of Major League Baseball Clubs in July, however, with the acquisition of pitching ace Curt Schilling, who had attended high school and college in Arizona... Diamondbacks felt their free-spending ways netted an undervalued player and put them on the map as a legitimate destination for established major- league players The Diamondbacks participated in their first full spring training in 1998 in Tucson, home of their Triple-A minor -league affiliate Tucson Sidewinders Having their spring-training facility and Triple-A club less than two hours from Phoenix gives... roster limits and the introduction of the amateur free-agent draft in 1965, with teams selecting in reverse order of finish However, parity went out the door in the 1990s with the return of dynasties The Indians and Yankees each won five straight divisional titles (1995–99), with the Yankees winning four of five World Series The Braves’ domination of the NL was even greater, winning their division every... communities as public-spirited citizens who supported baseball because of their interest in their hometowns, but they were cold-blooded businessmen They used their political connections to secure inside information and preferential treatment from the municipality to help them run their operation as efficiently as possible Their political connections helped them secure Sunday baseball and police protection,... were also organized by residents of particular neighborhoods, workers in a particular craft (especially butchers, firemen, printers, and shipwrights), and African American organizations Players were typically single men living in boardinghouses, looking for a chance to socialize and display physical prowess They used their participa- Introduction tion and the wearing of uniforms that designated them as... cities with insufficient population bases Teams were given a territorial monopoly in their city Visiting teams received 50 percent of the 50-cent base admission to offset hometown population disparities and promote competition The league banned Sunday games, liquor, and gambling to keep out the riffraff and encourage middle-class audiences Despite the best-laid plans, the league struggled at first In... with particular teams, mainly in large-market cities, leaving teams in small cities without national televised games Starting in 1953 each team set up its own local broadcast policy League- wide packages were only permitted in 1961 following the passage of the Sports Broadcasting Act Several multipurpose cookie-cutter municipal stadiums were built in the period 1964–70, including downtown ballparks in... Devil Rays, worth just $176 million, with revenues of $110 million Overall, the average team had a value of $332 million, with revenues of $142 million The average operating revenues per team was $4.4 million, ranging from $30 million for Baltimore to a loss of $37.1 million for the Yankees.6 Major- league baseball teams, and professional sports teams in general, have a unique relationship Teams in baseball . Encyclopedia of Major League Baseball Clubs, Volumes 1 & 2 Edited by Steven A. Riess Greenwood Press Encyclopedia of Major League Baseball Clubs ENCYCLOPEDIA OF Major League Baseball. were typically single men living in boardinghouses, looking for a chance to socialize and display physical prowess. They used their participa- Introduction xi tion and the wearing of uniforms. giv- en a territorial monopoly in their city. Visiting teams received 50 percent of the 50-cent base admission to offset hometown population disparities and promote competition. The league banned
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