Thông tin tài liệu
English Funerary Elegy in
the Seventeenth Century
Laws in Mourning
Andrea Brady
March 9, 2006 11:44 MAC/EFE Page-i 0efeprelims
Early Modern Literature in History
General Editors: Cedric C. Brown, Professor of English and Dean of the Faculty
of Arts and Humanities, University of Reading; Andrew Hadfield, Professor of
English, University of Sussex, Brighton
Advisory Board: Donna Hamilton, University of Maryland; Jean Howard,
University of Columbia; John Kerrigan, University of Cambridge; Richard
McCoy, CUNY; Sharon Achinstein, University of Oxford
Within the period 1520–1740 this series discusses many kinds of writing, both
within and outside the established canon. The volumes may employ different
theoretical perspectives, but they share an historical awareness and an interest in
seeing their texts in lively negotiation with their own and successive cultures.
Titles include:
Cedric C. Brown and Arthur F. Marotti (editors)
TEXTS AND CULTURAL CHANGE IN EARLY MODERN ENGLAND
Andrea Brady
ENGLISH FUNERARY ELEGY IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
Laws in Mourning
Martin Butler (editor)
RE-PRESENTING BEN JONSON
Text, History, Performance
Jocelyn Catty
WRITING RAPE, WRITING WOMEN IN EARLY MODERN ENGLAND
Unbridled Speech
Dermot Cavanagh
LANGUAGE AND POLITICS IN THE SIXTEENTH-CENTURY HISTORY PLAY
Danielle Clarke and Elizabeth Clarke (editors)
‘THIS DOUBLE VOICE’
Gendered Writing in Early Modern England
James Daybell (editor)
EARLY MODERN WOMEN’S LETTER-WRITING, 1450–1700
Jerome De Groot
ROYALIST IDENTITIES
John Dolan
POETIC OCCASION FROM MILTON TO WORDSWORTH
Sarah M. Dunnigan
EROS AND POETRY AT THE COURTS OF MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS AND
JAMES VI
Andrew Hadfield
SHAKESPEARE, SPENSER AND THE MATTER OF BRITAIN
March 9, 2006 11:44 MAC/EFE Page-ii 0efeprelims
William M. Hamlin
TRAGEDY AND SCEPTICISM IN SHAKESPEARE’S ENGLAND
Elizabeth Heale
AUTOBIOGRAPHY AND AUTHORSHIP IN RENAISSANCE VERSE
Chronicles of the Self
Pauline Kiernan
STAGING SHAKESPEARE AT THE NEW GLOBE
Ronald Knowles (editor)
SHAKESPEARE AND CARNIVAL
After Bakhtin
Arthur F. Marotti (editor)
CATHOLICISM AND ANTI-CATHOLICISM IN EARLY MODERN
ENGLISH TEXTS
Jennifer Richards (editor)
EARLY MODERN CIVIL DISCOURSES
Sasha Roberts
READING SHAKESPEARE’S POEMS IN EARLY MODERN ENGLAND
Rosalind Smith
SONNETS AND THE ENGLISH WOMAN WRITER, 1560–1621
The Politics of Absence
Mark Thornton Burnett
CONSTRUCTING ‘MONSTERS’ IN SHAKESPEAREAN DRAMA AND EARLY
MODERN CULTURE
MASTERS AND SERVANTS IN ENGLISH RENAISSANCE DRAMA
AND CULTURE
Authority and Obedience
The series Early Modern Literature in History is published in association with the
Renaissance Texts Research Centre at the University of Reading.
Early Modern Literature in History
Series Standing Order ISBN 0–333–71472–5
(outside North America only)
You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a
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Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills,
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March 9, 2006 11:44 MAC/EFE Page-iii 0efeprelims
English Funerary Elegy in
the Seventeenth Century
Laws in Mourning
Andrea Brady
Brunel University
London
March 9, 2006 11:44 MAC/EFE Page-iv 0efeprelims
© Andrea Brady 2006
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this
publication may be made without written permission.
No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted
save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence
permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency,
90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP.
Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication
may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
The author has asserted her right to be identified
as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright,
Designs and Patents Act 1988.
First published 2006 by
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN
Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and
175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010
Companies and representatives throughout the world
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave
Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.
Macmillan is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom
and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European
Union and other countries.
ISBN-13: 9781403941053 hardback
ISBN-10: 140394105X hardback
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully
managed and sustained forest sources.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Brady, Andrea, 1974
English funerary elegy in the seventeenth century:laws in
mourning/Andrea Brady.
p. cm. “ (Early modern literature in history)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 140394105X (cloth)
1. Elegiac poetry, English“History and criticism. 2. English poetry“Early
modern, 15001700“History and criticism. 3. Funeral rites and
ceremonies in literature. 4. Mourning customs in literature. 5. Grief in
literature. 6. Funeral rites and ceremonies“Great Britain“History“17th
century. I. Title. II. Early modern literature in history
(Palgrave Macmillan (Firm))
PR549.E45.B73
821
.04093548“dc22 2005056489
10987 654321
15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06
Printed and bound in Great Britain by
Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham and Eastbourne
March 9, 2006 11:44 MAC/EFE Page-v 0efeprelims
For my mother, Suzanne Brady
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March 9, 2006 11:44 MAC/EFE Page-vii 0efeprelims
Contents
Acknowledgements viii
List of Abbreviations ix
Note on Transcriptions x
Introduction 1
1 The Ritual of Elegiac Rhetoric 10
2 The Rhetoric of Grief 32
3 The Funerary Elegy in Its Ritual Context 62
4 Spectacular Executions of the 1640s 90
5 Contesting Wills in Critical Elegy 131
6 Grief Without Measure 174
Conclusion 207
Notes 214
Bibliography 242
Index 262
vii
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Acknowledgements
I am thankful to the librarians and the staff of Gonville and Caius
College, the Brotherton Library, the Bodleian Library, the Notting-
hamshire Archives and the Centre for Kentish Studies for their assist-
ance. The staff of the Cambridge University library, where this project
began, and the British Library deserve special recognition. Alison Shell,
Marie-Louise Coolahan and Jill Seal Millman furnished me with unpub-
lished research. Andrew Lacey and David Norbrook generously took
the time to comment on specific chapters, and John Kerrigan, Simon
Jarvis, Colin Burrow and Gavin Alexander offered valuable insights and
practical help. Cedric Brown and Andrew Hadfield were encouraging
and patient series editors, and I appreciate the professionalism of the
editors at Palgrave Macmillan. I am immensely grateful in particular
for the support of Raphael Lyne and Jonathan Sawday, whose critical
interventions saved this project from an unjust execution. I owe my
greatest debt to Jessica Martin, whose supervision and friendship saw
me through to its first conclusion. Keston Sutherland was the first to
read this text; our conversations and collaboration made its insights
possible, and continue to shape my thinking. For health and happi-
ness in the midst of all this grief work I am also beholden to Lekshmy
Balakrishnan, Emily Butterworth, Dom Del Re, Aline Ferrari, Tom Jones,
Sam Ladkin, Tim Morris, Lizzie Muller, Dell Olsen, Malcolm Phillips,
Natasha Rulyova, James Thraves and Al Usher, and for encouragement
over great distances to my sisters Rachel and Alexis, and my mother
Suzanne. Matt ffytche got me through the conclusion; with his help,
my future projects can turn to joy.
viii
March 9, 2006 11:44 MAC/EFE Page-ix 0efeprelims
List of Abbreviations
(Place of publication is London unless specified otherwise.)
BF Francis Beaumont and John Fletcher, Comedies and
Tragedies (1647)
Carew Thomas Carew, The Poems, ed. Rhodes Dunlap (Oxford:
Clarendon, 1949)
Cartwright William Cartwright, Comedies, Tragi-Comedies, With
Other Poems (1651)
DE John Donne, The Epithalamions, Anniversaries and
Epicedes, ed. W. Milgate (Oxford: Clarendon, 1978)
Donne John Donne, Poems (London: John Marriott, 1633)
JonsVirb Jonsonus Virbius or, the Memorie of Ben: Johnson Revived
by the Friends of the Muses, ed. Brian Duppa (1638)
King Henry King, The Poems, ed. Margaret Crum (Oxford:
Clarendon, 1965)
Lewalski Barbara K. Lewalski, Donne’s Anniversaries and the Poetry
of Praise: The Creation of a Symbolic Mode (Princeton:
Princeton UP, 1973)
Loxley James Loxley, Royalism and Poetry in the English Civil
Wars: The Drawn Sword (Basingstoke and New York:
Macmillan, 1997)
HS Ben Jonson, ed. C. H. Herford and Percy and Evelyn
Simpson, 11 vols (Oxford: Clarendon, 1947–1952)
Wilcher Robert Wilcher, The Writing of Royalism, 1628–1660
(Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2001)
ix
[...]... orations inspire ‘young men to endure every suffering for the public welfare in the hope of winning the glory that attends on brave men’.34 Keith Hopkins notes that such rituals subordinated individual self-interest to the common good, inspiring young men to heroic action in the hope of bringing glory to the family line’.35 Monumental art, funerals and poetry paid the wages of excellence in glorious... self-fashioning, but also drawing on the tradition of poetic licence for moralising endorsed elsewhere by the dead laureate Jonson The pastoral 22 English Funerary Elegy in the Seventeenth Century mode singles out Milton’s elegy among the other contributions In addition to being the genre with which Virgil preceded his epic productions, the pastoral emphasises a temporal apotheosis and renewal in literary... examine how such conventions are learned and 1 2 English Funerary Elegy in the Seventeenth Century enforced in the agonistic context of the early modern school From these shared origins and literary materials, elegists use criticism and satire to distinguish themselves from their peers Their critiques are suited to the agonistic structure of the emerging literary market; but they can also turn against... that the lamenting of deathes was chiefly at the very burialls of the dead, also at monethes mindes and longer times, by custome continued yearely’5 – show how the different elegiac genres commemorated the temporal processes of death and drying of the corpse, and of reconciliation of the bereaved with the community, processes celebrated in the folk and Catholic funerary rituals declining since the Reformation... obligations.18 Similarly, the mortuary ritual was a material reminder of the dead, and of the social and ethical responsibilities incumbent on the living Archival evidence of elegy s role in the funeral is presented in Chapter 3 The ubiquity of writing in the living and working spaces of early modern England has two interesting implications for funerary elegy First, it is crucial to understand elegies not just... the modesty of decorous language Elegists are caught in a double bind, for the greater their poems the more suspicious readers will be of their ambitions Rhetorical decorum requires that they suit their language and topoi to particular occasions through judgements of the needs of occasion; decorum 24 English Funerary Elegy in the Seventeenth Century prompts the rhetor to attend to the ‘manners of the. .. character The first two were external and accidental, and ‘almost all Renaissance theorists agreed with Cicero and Quintilian that the goods of nature or fortune are not properly objects of praise in themselves, but should be treated chiefly as means of displaying the subject’s virtue in using them rightly’.22 Elegies, like other works of praise, were socially 14 English Funerary Elegy in the Seventeenth Century. .. motion resolves the agonistic tensions of each half of the poem, and aligns the fatherly god Apollo with the swain now liberated in his pursuit of ‘Pastures new’ As the first person of the poem’s opening lines transforms into this independent speaker, capable of embarking on his own journey into the world, so Milton proclaims his own independence Even the name ‘Lycidas’, which derives from the Greek lykideus,... trends in anthropology, which have investigated rites rather than the experience of loss which they serve and in part produce Rituals and elegies can be understood to express both collective values abstracted from the memory of the dead and the individuality of emotional responses It is easy to undervalue the spontaneity and improvisation implicit in ritual behaviour or in 4 English Funerary Elegy in the. .. environment Posies were inscribed on everyday objects and keepsakes including funeral rings, while householders adorned their walls with moralising lyrics Poems were also posted in communal spaces such as the hall of Westminster School, where scholars customarily hung copies of verses on the King’s birthday.16 Walton records that 6 English Funerary Elegy in the Seventeenth Century after Donne’s burial, . Congress Cataloging -in- Publication Data Brady, Andrea, 1974 English funerary elegy in the seventeenth century: laws in mourning/ Andrea Brady. p. cm. “ (Early modern literature in history) Includes bibliographical. (editors) TEXTS AND CULTURAL CHANGE IN EARLY MODERN ENGLAND Andrea Brady ENGLISH FUNERARY ELEGY IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY Laws in Mourning Martin Butler (editor) RE-PRESENTING BEN JONSON Text, History,. 11:43 MAC/EFE Page-2 0efeIntro 2 English Funerary Elegy in the Seventeenth Century enforced in the agonistic context of the early modern school. From these shared origins and literary materials,
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