Báo cáo khoa học: Chiến lược giao tiếp trong lời Thúy Kiều ở đoạn trích Trao duyên trong Truyện Kiều của Nguyễn Du docx

5 3.6K 18
Báo cáo khoa học: Chiến lược giao tiếp trong lời Thúy Kiều ở đoạn trích Trao duyên trong Truyện Kiều của Nguyễn Du docx

Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)

Thông tin tài liệu

NGON NGC soil 2010 CHIEN Ll/dC GIAO TIEP TRONG LClI THUY KIEU 6 DOAN TRICH "TRAO DUYEN" TRONG TRUYEN KIEU CUA NGUYEN DU 1. So* lup-c ve chien Vaqc giao tiep Trong giao tiep ngdn ngii, de thyc hi?n dich giao tiep, ngudi ndi cd the lya chpn nhirng cdch thiic dien dgt khac nhau. Cd till dd Id cdch ndi vdng vo hay vdo thing vin dl. Tuy nhien, khdn^ phai mpi chuy?n diu cd the ndi thdng vdi nhau, vi lam nhu vay cd the gay khd khdn cho ngudi tiep nhgn (khi tinh de dog the di?n cao) hodc cd the lam cho hi?u qud ciia cupc giao tiep thap, khdng nhu mong mudn. De cupc giao tiep dien ra thuan Ipi, dgt hi?u qua, cdc nhan vat ddi thogi thudng lya chpn cho minh nhirng chien lupc giao tiep thich hpp vdi tinh hudng cy the. Cd the hieu "chiin lugrc giao tiep la phuong chdm vd cdc biin phdp su dyng cdc hdnh dgng ndi trong giao dip nhdm gia the diin vd trdnh de dog thi diin ciia ngudi tham gia giao tiip" [4, 107]. Chien lupc giao tilp thudng dupe thyc hi?n theo cdch m^ nhien, ngudi nghien ciiu can phan tich kl mdi cd thi nhgn bilt. Thdng thudng, d do, ngudi ndi muon thyc hi?n dich giao tilp, vd ngudi nghe thudng CO ging tun bilt cdi dich riao tilp dd dl cupc giao tilp cd uie dien ThS BUI THI LAN ra thugn Ipi. Cho nen, vi?c lya chpn tu ngfl:, ket ciu cau, sir dyng cdc bilu thiic rao ddn, loi udm, tir ngii xung hd cua ngudi ndi deu nhdm the lii?n dich ciia hdnh dpng ndi, co ging 1dm tdng hi?u lyc cua thdng difp dupe dua ra. Chiin lupc giao tilp mang dau in cd nhan cua tung ngudi. Moi n^di giao tiep cd y thiic tiiudng cd gdng thyc hipn phep lich sy, co gdng tranh ho$c Idm gidm tinh de dog the di?n ciia phdt ngdn. Theo dd vi?c sii dyng ngdn tir it nhieu mang tinh ngh? thugt. Thii ngh? thugt ndy dd dupe cdc nhd nghien ciiu chuyen mdn nang len thdnh chien lupc giao tilp. 2. Chien Xviifc giao tiep trong loi Thuy Kieu d do^n trich (Lvtrfc phan tich 2.1. Dogn trich tir Truyin Kiiu Nhan vgt Thiiy Kilu trong Truyin Kieu dupe md td nhu mpt ngudi con gdi tdi sic v?n toda Thiiy Kieu khdng chi cd tdi ve cdm, ki, thi, hga, md cdn Id ngudi cd tri: "thdng minh vdn sdn tinh trdi". Qua ngdn ngii cua Thiiy Kilu, ngudi dpc cd thi cdm nhgn dd Id mpt con ngudi khdn kheo, lich thi?p, thim nhuan vdn hod, von tri thiic phong phii. Tdi ndng vl ngdn tii cua Thuy Kieu khiln ngudi ta nhd Chien iuac 77 den cau ca dan gian "Ngudi thanh ndi tieng cUng thanh". Cd thi thay rd hon nhung dieu ndy thdng qua dogn trich Thiiy Kieu trao duyen ciia minh vdi Kim Trpng cho em gdi Id Thiiy Van. Trao duyen Id ten gpi chung lau nay thudng dupe cdc nhd phan tich ngdn ngfl:, phe binh hay gidng dgy vdn hpc d^t ten cho dogn trich tu cau tho 719 den cau tho 756 (gdm 38 cau) trong Truyin Kieu: Rdng: "Long duong thdn thirc ddy To duyen cdn vuong mdi ndy chua xong. Hd mdi ra cung th^n thiing De Idng thi phu tdm long vdi ai. di Kim lang! Hoi Kim lang Thdi thdi thiip ddphy chdng tu day!" [3, 76 - 77] Day la mpt tirong nhirng dogn d^c sic cua Truyin Kieu xet ve nhieu phuong di?n. Trong^ dd, ngdn ngur cua nhan vgt Thiiy Kilu Id ylu td dupe nhieu nhd nghien cim quan tam. Nhieu bai vilt hay vl ngh? tiiugt kl chuy?n; vl hanh dpng ridi tryc tiep, gian tiep; ve ngdn ngu: ddi thogi, dpc thogi cua Thiiy Kilu dd dupe ddng d mpt sd bao, tgp chi hay ki ylu hpi thao. Gan day nhit Id bdi vilt Li thuyit "hdnh dgng ngdn nga" vdi dogn tho trao duyen cua Truyin Kieu cua Bui Minh Todn ddng d sd 5 (175)/ 2010 cua Tgp chi Ngdn ngu & Ddi sdng. Bai viet dd nghien ciiu khd day du vl cdc nhdm hanh dpng ndi dupe Thiiy Kilu sir dyng ti:ong dogn tiio nhu- tdi hi^n, thinh cdu, trinh bdy, than vdn, cdm on, xin Idi [8]. Dogn trich tren cd tiie xem nhu mpt cupc giao tilp. Chung tdi, ti-ong bai viet ndy, se tap trung nghien ciai cdc chien lugrc Ifch su trong giao tilp cua Thiiy Kieu, nhd dd Kieu dgt dupe dich giao tiep mong mudn. 2.2. Cdc chien lupc lich sy trong Idi ndi cua Kieu 2.2.1. So lupc ve chien lupc lich sy Hodn cdnh giao tiep cua dogn trich nay Id vdo dem khuya, trong phdng n^ii. Cac nhan vgt giao tiep la Thiiy Kieu vd em Id Thiiy Van. Npi dung giao tiep chinh Id cupc trao giri duyen cua Thiiy Kieu vdi Kim Trpng cho Thiiy Van. Dich cua cupc giao tilp la Thiiy Kilu nhd Thiiy Van tiiay mmh ndi duyen ciing Kim Trpng. De dgt dupe dich iy, nhan vgt Thiiy Kieu da sir dyng mpt each kheo leo cdc chiin luge Ifch su. Dd "Id mgt hay mgt logt chiin lugrc dugrc ngudi ndi diing di hodn thdnh mgt sd myc dich nhu thiit Igp vd duy tri nhiing tjuan hi hdi hod'' [2, 581]. Li tiiuyet vl Uch sy chiin lupc dupe Brown vd Levinson xay dyng tren co sd khdi ni?m thi diin. Dd "Id cdm gide vi gid tri cd nhdn ciia mdi ngudi hay Id hinh dnh ve ta. Cdi hinh dnh ndy cd thi bf lam tdn hgi, dugrc gia gin hay dugrc di cao trong tuong tdc" [2, 588]. Thi di?n thudng dupe phan thanh hai logi Id till di?n am tinh vd thi di?n duong tinh. Lich sy ti-ong giao tilp giiip cac nhan vgt giu: dupe thi di?n cho nhau, de dang dgt dich cua cupc |iao tilp. Tuong ling vdi hai logi the di?n am tinh yd till di?n duong tmh cd hai logi chiin lupc Uch sy la Ifch su dm tinh vd Ifch su duong tinh. Brown vd Levinson dd gpi do la hai "sieu chiin lupc", moi sieu chiin lupc nhu vay bao gom mpt logt chiin lupc, cd 15 chiin lupc cho sieu 78 Ngdn ngflr sd 11 nam 2010 chien lupc Uch sy duong ti'nh, 10 chiin lupc cho sieu chien lupc Uch sy am tinh. Ngdn ngu- cua Thiiy Kieu qua doan trich da vgn dyng khd nhuin nhuyen cac chien lupc ndy. 2.2.2. Chien lupc Uch sy duong tinh Cd the thay Thiiy Kieu da sii dyng cac chien lupc Ijch sir duong tinh mpt each cd hi?u qua. Lich sy duong tinh the hifn d sy ndi ndng lam tdn vinh the di?n duong tinh cho ngudi nghe. The di?n duong tinh la cai "dugrc phdn dnh trong y mudn/ cdi dugrc minh (ngudi) ua thich, tdn thudng, tdn trgng, ddnh gid cao, Id su thod mdn khi mgt gid trf eiia minh dugrc tdn thudng" (dan theo [2, 588]). 2.2.2.1. Sir dyng "le thudng" a) Mong dupe chia se Vi?c thd Ip tinh cam rieng tu cua minh cho ngudi khac la dieu vd cimg khd ndi. Nhung khdng vi the ma im lang. Thiiy Kieu dd bpc bgch nhiing gi sau kin nhat cua ddi minh bang vi?c sir dyng "16 thudng", ngudi cd noi niem tam sy thudng cd lihu ciu bpc bgch vdi ngudi khdc, vdi hi vpng dupe cam thdng, dupe chia se. Rdng: "Long duong thdn thuc day To duyen cdn vuong mdi ndy chua xong. Hd mdi ra cung th^n thiing €>e Idng thi phy tdm long vdi ai". Sau khi ddi tdc khdng cd dau hi?u tir choi, n^udi ndi mdi tiep tyc ndi ra nhiing dieu can phdi ndi. b) Neu cac cdn cii Tilp dd, trong cupc giao tiep quan trpng den thi, Thiiy Kilu phdi sii dyng chiin lupc "neu li do ciia hdnh dpng", ti-ong ti-udng hpp ndy Id cac "cdn cii". Trudc khi dua ra hdnh dpng yeu ciu doi tdc 1dm mpt vi?c qud Idn, ngudi dua ra Idi yeu cdu khdng thi khdng neu li do, neu cdn cii mpt each diy du, chinh dang, dii sire thuyet phye ddi tdc. Cdc cdn cii cd the dupe dua ra trudc ho^c sau Idi de nghi, cd thi mang tinh khach quan hay chu quan, nhung tit cd deu hudng tdi vi?c bo sung, tdng cudng cho y kien hodc mong muon cua ngudi ndi. De nhd Thiiy Van thay loi nude non (loi the giua Kieu vdi Kim Trpng), Kieu da neu ra hai can cur khd thuyet phye: mpt cdn cii cd tinh khdch quan tir ben ngodi gia dinh, nhu Id cdi "li" bat cdng md khdng cudng dupe, vd mpt cdn cii khdc Id sy thgt ben trong gia dinh, nhu Id cdi tinh mdu mu cd the chap nhgn dupe (do tgp quan). Cdn cii khach quan Id tai hog qud Idn bat ngd gp den: Su ddu sdng gid bdt ki Hieu tinh khdn de hai bi v^n hai. Trudc mpt sy vi?c Idn md hiiu tinh khdn de hai be v^n hai thi ngudi con cd hieu khdng the 1dm khac dupe: hi sinh tinh yeu cua mmh dk 1dm trdn chii hieu, dieu md Thuy Van - ciing Id mpt ngudi con trong gia dinh - khdng the phu nhgn. Ben cgnh dd, Thiiy Kieu ciing neu ra mpt sy thyc Id cdi khd ndn^ cho phep (theo tgp quan) gidi quyet phan vi?c cd lien quan din moi tinh rieng tu cua Kilu, dl ciru vdt thanh danh ciia ndng (do da timg cd Idi thi nguy?n) va ciing la de khdi qua dau Idng ddi vdi ngudi tinh cua nang, m^c du Id bupc Idng phdi ddt Thuy Van vdo mpt thi bit ngd, khd nghl. Thuy Kilu da hudng ve Thuy Van md ndi nhu trong nude mit: Chiehhrpc^^. Ngdy xudn em hay cdn ddi Xdt tinh mdu mii thay Idi nude non. Ldi tho nghe sao xdt xa, nghe nhu dao cira vao long, may ai cd thi cim Idng dupe, hudng chi Thuy Van la em rapt ciia Thuy Kilu. Vd nhu vgy, Thuy Van khdng thi khdng xdt tinh mdu mu md tir choi chi minh, cho dii nang chua bao gid vd cung khdng the ndo tudng tupng ra dupe cdi sy thyc dau long den nhudng ay. Nhu vgy, Kieu dd dupe togi nguy?n tiong vi?c dau long hi sinh tinh yeu de giii dupe chur hiiu, vd dl vdt vdt lgi phan ndo cai the Hieu tinh khdn de hai be v^n hai! c) Bay td sy mang on Vi?c bdy td sy mang on ngudi nghe tir phia ngudi chiu on ciing Id mpt chien lupc trong sieu chiin lupc Uch sy duong tinh [2, 595]. Kieu dd tiiyc hi?n vi?c nay tiong may ddng tho: Chf dii thit ndt xuong mdn Ngdm cudi chin sudi hdy cdn thom ldy. Thi diy, khdng chi khi chi cdn sdng, ma cd khi thdc di roi (thit dd ndt, xuong da mdn), thi d cdi am chi van cdn cam nhgn dupe tieng khen (tilng thom) md em da tgo ra qua vi?c em lam ngdy hdm nay ddi vdi chi, do Id cdi on md em dd lam cho chi: em thay chi thyc hi?n ldi thi thieng heng vdi Kun Trpng, dl chi khdi mang tilng Id ngudi phy tinh, bgc nghia. 22.3. Cdc chiin lupc Uch sy am tinh Mudi chiin lupc cua sieu chien lupc Uch sy ani tinh [2, 595] do Brown vd Levmson de ra ciing dupe the hi?n tiong ldi Thuy Kieu khd tinh tl. Nhu dd bilt, ngupe vdi Uch sy duon^ tmh, Uch sy am tinh hudng vdo the di?n am tinh cua ngudi nghe. Lich sy am tinh bieu hi?n rd d sy ne tranh, khdng dimg cac hanh dpng de dog the di?n (Face Threatening Acts). 2.2.3.1. Sir dung hdnh dgng ndi gidn tiep Chien lupc Uch sy am tinh diu tien dupe Thiiy Kieu sir dyng dd Id each "dimg loi ndi gidn tilp". DI tin^c hi?n dich cua cupc giao tilp nay, Kieu da "tiiinh cau" em gai mmh bdng nhung hanh dpng ndi gian tilp nhu: Gida dudng ddt gdnh tuong tu Keo loan chdp mdi to thua mac em. Hay: Ngdy xudn em hdy cdn ddi Xdt tinh mdu mil thay ldi nude non Dich ciia nhung hdnh dpng ndy Id cau khien nhung Kieu da sii dung hinh thiic ngdn hdnh nguyen cap (hay ngdn hdnh ham an - imphcit). d day khdng cd he cd dpng tir ngdn hdnh vd cung khdng cd cdc dau hi?u cua ldi cau khien nhu: hdy, ndo, di (tir hdy trong cau tho nay cd nghia nhu dang hay vdn). Bdng ldi ndi gian tiep nhu vgy, Kieu dd "gidm thieu su dp ddt cho ngudi nghe" [2, 595]. Day ciing la each thi hi?n Uch sy am tinh ciia ngudi ndi, ngudi ndi mdc dii dd rit tin tudng vdo ngudi nghe Id em gai minh, hi vpng Thiiy Van s8 Id nguoi cd thi thay minh thyc hi?n ldi the thieng lieng vdi Kim Trpng. Nhung ngh? thugt sir dyng tir rigfl: ciia Kieu, cho thiy Kilu khdng hi dp dgt Thiiy Van md van nhudng quyen quyet dinh cho Van, va lgi, ciing khdng the khac dupe trong mpt vi?c h? trpng nhu vi?c nay. 2.2.3.2. Sir dyng ldi rdo ddn vd ldi udm Ngodi ra, trudc mpt sy vi?c Idn lao nhu vgy, Kieu ciing phai dimg 80 Ngdn ngiif sd 11 ndm 2010 den nhung ldi "rdo ddn" (hedge) can trpng. Trong trudng hpp nay, ldi rdo ddn lien quan den phuong chdm vl each thiic (vi?c rieng khd ndi mpt each Ip lieu): Hd mdi ra ciing th^n thiing De long thi phy tdm Idng vdi ai. Mdt khdc ciing khdng the thieu dupe ldi "udm" nhu Id mpt sy chuan bi chu ddo trudc mpt hdnh dpng ndi cd tinh de dog the di?n cao: Cdy em em cd chju ldi Ngdi len cho chf lgy rdi se thua. Hai ddng tho ndy, tir quan diem phan ti'ch hpi thogi, cd nghia ring "day Id vi?c chi phai nhd den em, nhung em cd nhan ldi thi phdi de cho chi dupe lgy em rdi chi mdi ndi"; mpt ldi vdi y nhu vgy Id sy bdo trudc ring "vi?c chi nhd day Id rat h? trpng vd rat khd thyc hi?n", day Id "ldi udm yeu cau" (prerequest). Vdi each trinh bdy nay, Kieu da td ra rat kinh trpng ngudi nghe dii dd Id em gai minh. Hg minh va tdn vinh ngudi nghe la mpt phep trong chien lupc Uch sy am tinh. 3. Ket luan Dogn trich thi hi?n khd rd diu an ca nhan cua Thiiy Kieu trong giao tiep: dd la mpt con ngudi cd vdn hod, luon ludn tdn trpng ngudi khdc vd biet nghl cho ngudi khac. Nhu cd thi thay, trong tien trinh ciia cupc giao tiep nay, Thuy Kieu Id ngudi chiem vi the giao tiep mgnh. Theo ddng cdm xiic, Kieu dd ndi mpt mgch cho den khi "cgn ldi". Vdi nhirng chien lupc Uch sy khdc nhau, ldi le Thiiy Kieu cii the tudn trao, mdc du cd liic vi qud xiic dpng tudng chimg nhu Kieu khdng cdn lam chu dupe ban than. Dang ddi thogi vdi em gai, ndng 'gi quay vl ndi vdi chinh minh vd roi lgi ndi vdi Kim Trpng, xin Kim Trpng tha thii nhung cung dong tiidi xm loi Thiiy Van vi Kilu dd 1dm "lien lyy" din em. Thi nhung trudc sau nhu mpt, Kieu van ludn giur dupe tinh Ijch su trong ldi ndi ciia minh. Bing tiem tinic, Kilu da thyc hi?n cdc chien lupc giao tiep thich hpp khdc nhau mpt cdch thuan thyc vd de ddng, thgt xiing ddng la con cua mpt gia dinh gia giao, ne nep. vl phia tdc gid Truyin Kiiu, Nguyen Du dd cho Thuy Kilu ndi len nhung ldi khdn kheo de chimg minh cai "phin hon" ciia Kilu so vdi Thuy Van, khi md tdc gid dd ddt Thuv Van d cai dp "Hoa cudi ngpc thot doan trang"! TAI LI$U THAM KHAO 1. Diep Quang Ban, Giao tilp, dien ngon va cau tgo cua vdn ban, Nxb GD, H. 2009. 2. Dd Hiru Chdu, Tuyen tgp, Tgp 2, Nxb GD, H, 2005. 3. Nguyen Du, Truy?n Kilu, Nxb GD. H, 1972. 4. Nguyen Thien Gidp, Dyng hpc Vi?t ngii, Nxb DHQG, H, 2000. 5. Nguyen Thien Gidp, Chiin lupc giao tilp, T/c Kiin thirc ngdy nay, 9/2000. 6. Dd Thf Kim Lien, Ngft nghia ldi hpi tiiogi, Nxb GD, H, 1999. 1. Le Vdn Lit, Tim hilu tir ngii Truyen Kiiu, Nxb DHQG, Tp Ho Chi Minh 2000. 8. Vu Thi Nga, Mpt so chiin lupc rao don trong hpi thogi cua ngudi Vi?t, T/c Ngdn ngir. So 3, 2005. 9. Biii Minh Todn, Li thuyet "hanli dpng ngon ngCr" vdi dogn tiio trao duyen cua Truyen Kieu, T/c Ngdn ngU vd Dai song. So 5, 2010. ,; .;,. . 2010 CHIEN Ll/dC GIAO TIEP TRONG LClI THUY KIEU 6 DOAN TRICH " ;TRAO DUYEN" TRONG TRUYEN KIEU CUA NGUYEN DU 1. So* lup-c ve chien Vaqc giao tiep Trong giao tiep ngdn ngii,. Thiiy Van. Npi dung giao tiep chinh Id cupc trao giri duyen cua Thiiy Kieu vdi Kim Trpng cho Thiiy Van. Dich cua cupc giao tilp la Thiiy Kilu nhd Thiiy Van tiiay mmh ndi duyen ciing Kim. tdn hgi, dugrc gia gin hay dugrc di cao trong tuong tdc" [2, 588]. Thi di?n thudng dupe phan thanh hai logi Id till di?n am tinh vd thi di?n duong tinh. Lich sy ti-ong giao tilp

Ngày đăng: 29/03/2014, 21:20

Từ khóa liên quan

Tài liệu cùng người dùng

  • Đang cập nhật ...

Tài liệu liên quan