NG6N NGtr soil 2010 THANH NGC GOC HAN TRONG THIEN NAM NGlf LUC Thien Nam ngd lyc (TNNL) Id tac pham Ndm, ndi ve Uch sir nude nhd tir thdi Hdng Bang den thdi Hau Trin. Doan cudi gdm vdi trdm cau viet ve Le trieu ki va cdng cupc Trung hung thdi Le Trinh thi chi nhu mpt ket luan vin tdt, vdi rat it sy ki?n Uch sir. Vdi 8136 cau tho lye bat vd 31 bai tho chu: Han, 2 bai tho Ndm, TNNL trd thanh tdc phim tho Ndm ddi nhit thdi trung dgi. Theo nghien ciru cua nhieu hpc gid, TNNL xuat hi?n vdo cudi the ki XVII. Tdc gid cua TNNL hi?n van dupe coi Id khuyet danh. Trong bdi viet nay, chiing tdi nghien ciru nhung cym tir cd dinh gdc Han hay cdn gpi Id thdnh ngu: gdc Han (TNGH) dupe sir dyng trong TNNL. Tir do, xem xet sy anh hudng cua cac yeu td nay den ngdn ngii vdn hpc dan tpc ciing nhu sy hogt dpng cua chiing trong tdc pham. 1. Cach v^n dyng cdc thdnh ngir goc Han trong Thien Nam ngit 1{4C Dya ti:en vdn ban TNNL do Nguyen Thi Lam phien am, chii gidi, kit hpp vdi vi?c tra ciiu cdc cuon tir dien BUI DUY DlTONG TNGH, chiing tdi tiidng ke cdc cau tho cd chira TNGH trong TNNL, vd thu dupe ket qud nhu sau: Trong todn bp 8136 cau tho lyc bat, cd 115 cau tiio (115 lin) van dyng TNGH. Nhd tho dd sii dyng kheo leo 79 TNGH vdi tin so xuit hi?n tii 1 den 6 lan, trong dd: - 62 cau TNGH dupe vgn dyng 1 lan; - 7 cau TNGH dupe vgn dyng 2 lan; - 6 cau TNGH dupe vgn dyng 3 lan; - 4 cau TNGH dupe vgn dyng 4 lan; -1 cau TNGH dupe van dyng 5 lan. Lay TNGH gdc 1dm cdn cii so sanh, chiing tdi thay trong TNNL cd 3 each chinh van dyng TNGH Id: gifl: nguyen v?n TNGH; diing y TNGH; cdi bien TNGH (them ho^c bdt tir so vdi thdnh ngfl- gdc). Dudi day Id nhiing phdn tich cy thi: 1.1. Giu- nguyen v?n thdnh ngfl- gdc Hdn Day Id tiordng hpp, tac gia giii nguyen nhung ylu td ciu tgo nen Thanh ngiir , >^ TNGH cung nhu ngii nghia cua cau thanh ngu: gdc. TNGH dupe dua vdo cau tho dudi dgng nguyen khdi, chi khac so vdi thdnh ngii goc ban dau Id dd dupe chuyin sang am Hdn Vi?t, cd tit cd 39 lan vgn dyng cdch nay. Thi dy nhu: Hieu hod su dy kip sao. Dye tdc bat dgt trdi ndo cd dung. (cau 1134) Ho^e: Den Kim Lan co ddu ghenh Luc noi cdi tii hodn sinh chdng ciing. (cau 2916) Ngodi ra, chiing ta cdn gdp nhiing cau TNGH dupe vgn dyng nguyen v?n trong cdc cdu cy thi sau day: 273, 296, 397, 507, 736, 739, 1314, 1338, 1356, 1423, 1513, 1703, 1796, 1904, 2244, 2405, 3407, 3589, 3914, 3961, 4075, 4082, 4466, 4500, 4743, 4751, 5125, 5365, 5447, 5602, 5996, 6032, 6118,6625,7540 (xm xem tix)ng [6]). 59 Nhu vgy, vi?e van dyng nguyen dgng TNGH d TNNL Id kha nhilu, chiem 33% trong tdng sd lin vgn dyng TNGH. TNNL Id mpt tgp dien ca Ijch sir, tdc gid dd vgn dyng the tho lyc bat cua dan tpc dl vilt ve cdc trieu dgi ciia Vi?t Nam. Vdi sy anh hudng cua Nho giao, che dp phong kien Vi?t Nam md phdng nhieu theo che dp phong kien ciia Trung Hoa. Vi vay, nhiing TNGH ndi ve che dp trieu chinh cua Trung Hoa nhu ciru luu tam gido, ddng sdng ddng tich, thiiy y cung thu, ciing dupe van dyng nguyen dgng khi ndi ve trieu chinh cua Vi?t Nam. Dieu dang luu y d day, khdng phdi la sd lupng cdc TNGH dupe vgn dyng nguyen dgng Id nhieu hay it md quan tipng la tdc gia dd vgn dyng Idieo leo cdc TNGH dd nhu the ndo de dua chiing vdo trong cau tho chii Ndm mpt cdch nhuan nhi, hpp li nhat. Vdi the logi lyc bdt, tdc gid phdi tudn thii niem lugt theo khudn hinh dupe so do hod nhu sau: Ddng tho Ddng lyc Ddng bdt Vi tri tieng 2 bing bing 4 ti-ic ti-ic 6 bdng(van) bdng (van) 8 bdng (van) Vi vgy, khi dua nhiing cau TNGH vdo trong cau tho lyc bdt, tdc gid nhieu khi da hnh hogt thay doi ciu tnic cua chiing. Phan Idn nhung TNGH Id thanh ngfl cd kit ciu ddi img: gom cd hai vl, giira cdc ve vira cd sy binh ddng vira cd sy doi xiing ve ngii am (sd tilng, vin, thanh di?u), ngO: phap vd ngii nghia. Dya vdo ddc dilm ndy. khi dan cac TNGH, tac gia cd the dao ve, thay doi trgt ty giiia cac yeu td ma van giii nguyen ngu: nghia cua don vi gdc. Vi?c dao ve nhu vgy chu ylu Id de phu hpp vdi niem lugt cua thi tho lye bdt. TNGH thudng cd 4 yeu td Id ABCD, cd till ddo tiianh ADCB. Thi 60 Ngdn ngiif sd 11 ndm 2010 dy: Td xung hiru dgt dupe dao tiidnh Td dgt hau xung trong cau tho: Mgt minh td dpt hiiu xung Mudn qudn chdng sgr, ngdn vdng chdng lo. (cau 397 - 398) Hay ABCD dupe dao thanh CDAB, ching hgn: Von long di quoc trung quan, Ggp thdi bgt ddng dem thdn ra ngodi (cau 3589 - 3590) Tdc gid da ddo hai vl ciia cau TNGH Trung qudn di qude nhung khdng 1dm thay doi y nghia ciia nd. Ngodi ra, cd mpt so TNGH dupe bien ddi mpt yeu to nhung ve ban chat van Id sii dyng nguyen dgng bdi ylu td dd chi thay doi do hi?n tupng bien am ho^c sii dyng tir dong nghia. Thi dy, TNGH Vdn vo kiem todn khi thi dimg vdi bien thi Vdn vu kiem todn, khi thi dung vdi biln the Vdn vo song todn: Gdm no vdn vd song toan (cau 507) Vdn vu kiem todn trung hieu sdnh no. (cau 5996) 2.2. Dung y thdnh ngfl- goc Hdn Day Id cac trudng hpp tac gia chi liy y ciia TNGH. Qua npi dung cau tho, ngudi dpc cd thi lien tudng din cau thdnh ngfl: goc ma nhd tho vgn dyng. Kit qua khdo sat ciia chiing tdi cho tiiiy cd 50 tiirdng hpp "mupn y dl dien lgi" trong nhflng ^du tho sau: 87, 202, 228, 234, 278, 363, 446, 539, 655, 711, 860, 953, 1012, 1094, 1175, 1292, 1449, 1457, 1720, 1776, 2056, 2069, 2299, 2612, 2701, 3627, 3628, 3660, 3759, 3883, 4962, 4993, 5033, 5070, 5110, 5595, 5775, 6241, 6451, 6978, 7146, 7157, 7291, 7322, 7366, 7586, 7607, 7764, 7889, 8076 (xin xem nhflng cau tho trong [6]). Thi dy, cau tho sau dimg y TNGH Tir hdi giai huynh di: Tuy chdng mgt m^ sinh ra, Ngudi trong bon bl ciing Id anh em. (cau 5109, 5110) Ho$c dung y cau TNGH Ldo bgng sinh chdu trong trudng hpp sau: Mimg rdng phuc bdi tien thdn Bgng gid lgi thiy ki tran hi?n rdy. (cau 233, 234) Cac TNGH dupe dich nglua, dimg y chilm ti 1? 43,5% cdc trudng hpp vgn dyng TNGH ti-ong TNNL. Cdch vgn dyng ndy gifla cdc TNGH Id khdng dong deu nhu: - Xd thir thdnh hd (4 lan); - Thdn thdng bien hod, Trgr qude an ddn, Hdn phieu phdch Igc (3 lan); - Cdi dc tiing thiin, Kit duyen Tdn Tdn, Hd gid hd uy (2 lan) Mpt so thdnh ngfl: dupe sir dyng l$^p lgi nhieu lan trong TNNL la do ddc trung the logi quy dinh. Ld mpt tdc phim dien ca lich sir, TNNL da xay dyng cdc sy ki?n Uch sii theo thih tilt, kit cau ciia mpt tilu thuyit dya tren cdc bp sii chinh thong vd phan Idn la da sii, truyen thuyit vd Thanh ng& than thogi. Vdi vi?c dya vdo nhung the tdi dan gian dd, nhiing md tip truy?n giong nhau Id dilu khd tranh khdi vd vi?c vgn dyng lgi TNGH cung Id dieu duong nhien. Cy thi nhu, ndi ve nhflng ke Ipi dyng thi lyc Idn dl 1dm nhiing dilu xing bgy, khdng cd gi die dyng hon Id dimg y ciia cau TNGH Xd thir thdnh hd: Md thdng neo be, dudng rimg Trong khdng chupt xd, ngocd Ididng cao thdnh. (Cau so 1775, 1776) Chupt thdnh ddi dira cdng dua Ddn nhu cd cgn thdi cd thi luon. (Cau so 7888, 7889) Cd nhflng trudng hpp, nhd tho khdng chi vgn dyng nghia cau TNGH ma trong qud trinh sii dyng cdn md rpng nghia cho TNGH. Tir TNGH Ddng diin bdt ddng tdm cd nghia Id: Hinh thiic bl ngodi giong nhau nhung thyc chit ben trong cd nhflng dilm rieng khdc, tac gid TNNL trong nhflng cau tho dudi day dd vgn dyng lgi vdi y: 0 the gian ndy, khdng thieu gi nhiing ke ngodi mdt thi td ve ddng tinh, ling hp nhung trong byng thi diy muu ke nham hiem: Ndng tua khuya sdm giu coi, Thi gian dong m^t, mdy ai dong long. (Cau so 859, 860) 1.3. Cdi biln thdnh ngfl: gdc Hdn Day Id trudng hpp, tdc gid van sii dyng nhiing tir Han Vi?t trong TNGH nhung dd cd sy bien doi hmh thai ciu tnic cua thdnh ngut. Bdng phuong phap tinh lupc hodc chem 61 xen vdo cau thdnh ngii gdc, tdc gid dua chiing vdo trong nhirng cau tho ciia minh het siic ty nhien. Thi dy, tinh lupc TNGH Mdn nguyit khai hoa thdnh mdn nguyit trong cau tho sau: Mdn nguy?t chin thdng mudi ngdy Sinh ra nam tir tdt thay di ki. (Cau 6107, 6108) Ho^c chem xen tir vdo TNGH Chi tang bdng: Ben bdo em Id Phiing Cai, Anh hiing ta cung chi trai tang bong. (Cau 3045, 3046) Cd 26 lin tac gid vgn dyng cdch ndy, trong cdc cau: 87, 354, 813, 931, 1022, 1160, 1607, 1691, 2174, 2287, 2297, 2483, 2500, 2941, 3046, 3197, 3997, 4015, 5336, 5781, 6107, 6200, 6577, 6713, 7622, 7909 (xin xem tiong [6]); chilm ti 1? 23,5% tong sd cau tiio chiia TNGH. Mdc du, ddi vdi thdnh ngii, tinh CO dinh, ben viing ve hinh thdi cau tnic la mpt d^ trung quan trpng, nhung khi chiing dupe vgn dyng de dua vdo trong tho Ndm, nhflng bien the thdnh ngu: Id dieu khd trdnh khdi. Nhung bien the 1dm cho thdnh ngfl: trd nen linh hogt hon trong vi?c sii dyng, nhit Id khi nd khdng lam dnh hudng den ngii nghia ciia thdnh ngfl: gdc. Sau day Id mpt sd phuong phdp cdi bien TNGH dupe sir dyng trong TNNL: - Phuong phdp chem xen (them tu vdo thdnh ngii goc) dupe tdc gid vgn dyng 4 lan. Trong qud trinh van 62 Ngdn ngiir sd 11 nam 2010 dyng, nha tho khdng chi don thuan tach cau tnic cua thanh ngy Han nguyen dgng, them tir vdo giiia, md cdn cd sy ket hpp da dang giiia tdch cau tnic vdi dao ve, chuyen dich Ching hgn nhu: Cdn Idu phii quy cdn trudng cdng danh. (Cau 354) - Phuong phap tinh lupc (bdt mpt sd tir trong thanh ngii goc): Phuong phap nay td ra rat ddc dyng, xuat hi?n 20 lan trong TNNL. Yeu td dupe tmh lupc rat linh hogt, cd the d nhieu vi tri idiac nhau trong cau thanh ngii goc. Khi thi tinh lupc ve dau nhu: Thg ti Nam son thanh Nam son trong cau "Nam son hd sdnh, niii trdng xem tdy" (cau sd 5782); khi thi tinh lupc ve sau nhu: Tao khang chi the thdnh tao khanh trong cau: "Td cdn dec nghia tao khang" (cau sd 1691). TNGH la nhung don vi cd tinh ham sue, da tir lau di vdo tri thiic cua cac nha Nho nen vi?e tinh lupc di mpt vai chir trong thanh ngii gdc van idiong lam mat gia tri bieu trung cua chiing, cung nhu khdng gay khd de cho sy tri nhan ngudi dpc. Cd nhiing cau TNGH dai nhung dd dupe nhd tho tinh lupc chi cdn 2 tir khi dua vdo trong tho: Xa thu mdt mdi lang Idng (cau sd 87) Xa thu mgt mdi, giang san v?n toan. (cau sd 2500) '•^'' Hai thi dy tren deu Id sy tinh lupc ciia cau thdnh ngu: gdc Xa ddng quy, thu ddng vdn. Tdc gia van dyng kheo .•B3 leo cau TNGH ti-en, dl ndi nen khdt vpng mudn ddi cua nhan dan Vi?t Nam la thdng nhit bd cdi, giang son v?n toan. Tuy nhien, vi?c vgn dyng tinh lupc cac TNGH cung cd diem hgn chi. Khi tac gid tinh lupc nhieu qud se gay ra sy khd nhan biet ddi vdi cau TNGH gdc. Cho nen tuy timg ngu: canh va nhiing tir cdn lgi ciia TNGH md chiing ta cd the truy nguyen ra thanh ngii gdc. ' 2. Ngi dung cac thdnh ngir goc Han trong Thien Nam ngul^c Cdn cii vao npi dung, chiing tdi phan cac TNGH dupe van dyng trong TNNL thdnh hai chu de Idn: chii de ve con ngudi (gdm 48 cau) vd chu de ve cupc sdng, nhirng hi?n tupng ty nhien (gdm 31 cau). ^^ 2.1. Thanh ngu: gdc Han ndi vl con ngudi Trong TNNL, cd 48 cau TNGH ndi ve dgo diic, pham hgnh, quan h? xa hpi cua con ngudi, chiem 61,6% tdng sd TNGH dupe vgn dyng. Cy the nhu sau: ^ - TNGH ca ti^g nha vua vd cac trieu than Nhd vua Id ngudi cd diic dp, hpc rpng tdi cao, tinh thdng: Ciru luu tam gido (Chin phai thdi Xuan Thu Chiin Qude vd ba dgo Id Phgt giao, Nho giao vdDgo giao): ' - • ,,, Thdng biit su co su quyin Cuu luu tam gidi ai phen trong ddi. (Cau 6117, 6118) Thanh ng& 63 Vdi tdi ndng, diic dp cua nhirng minh quan, trilu dinh dupe thinh tri, mudn dan dupe an cu Igc nghifp. Nhd vua cd thi thiry y cung thii (ni do chdp tay) ngoi yen mpt cho md nhin thien hg thai bmh. Nhd vua sg an nhdn, khde mgnh, song vdi tuoi thp dupe vi nhu tuoi m^t trdi, m^t trdng, ngdy mpt tdng, dai lau mai vd vung ben nhu niii Nam Son (thg ti Nam son): Tudi vua nhdt nguyit thdng hdng Nam Son ha sanh, niii trdng xem toy. VH. (Cau 5781, 5782) Ben cgnh do, nhd vua cdn cd nhflng vi tudng tdi gidi vdi dang di nhu rong, budc di nhu ho (hd bg long thdnh), diing Idu phdch cua mpt vi anh himg tudng quan: * Hda them ho bp long thdnh, Thien biiu nhgt gide thirc hinh de vuong. sn^A (Cau 3961, 3962) Trieu dinh cd dupe vflng yen, hung thinh chinh Id do dpi ngii quan lgi. Dd phdi la nhung vi quan Hem chinh, khdng to bdo din cai to cai tdc ciia nhan dan. Nhd vua phdi trir bd nhiing kd bgo ngupe, hodnh hdnh ciing nhu tham nhiing: Viic lam ching phgm hdo thu, Bao tru tung hodnh, bdy trii nhiing tham. (Cau 3197, 3198) Tdc gid da vgn dyng TNGH Thu hdo bdt phgm (Spi Idng chun vao mua tiiu rat nhd ciing khdng dpng vao) de ngpi ca cdng diic cua Khiic Hgo, mpt trong nhirng ngudi diu tien xay dyng nen ty chu cho dan tpc ta. - TNGH ndi vl nhung vin dl nhu dgo diic, ll loi, gia phong trong xd hpi phong kien Cdc quan h?, chuan myc trong xd hpi phong kiln Vi?t Nam deu chiu sy chi phoi cua h? tu tudng Nho giao. Ld bgc trieu thin, cdc quan lgi phai ludn mang trong minh tim Idng di qude trung qudn, ngay cd trong hoan canh bgt ddng (khd khdn): Vdn long di qude trung qudn, Ggp thdi bgt ddng dem thdn ra ngodi. (Cau 3589, 3590) Theo quan ni?m Nho gido, ngudi phy nfl- gin liln vdi nhung quy chuan mang tinh nghia vy ddi vdi phy nii phuong Ddng. Dd Id tam tdng tir dire, trong do tir diic Id bdn diic tinh tdt ciia ngudi phy nfl:: cdng, dung, ngdn, hgnh; tam tdng Id ba dieu phy nfl- phdi theo: tgi gia tdng phy, xudt gid tdng phu, phu tir tdng tir. Hinh anh ngudi phy nii phong kien mau myc - than mau ciia vua Le Hodn phdi Id: Cha Id Le Hien chdng hien M^ Id Ddng thj hgp duyen vg chdng. Bui hay gia dgo tam tdng Von long kinh tin, chdng long td gian. (Cau 3995 - 3999) Tuy nhien, khdng phdi liic ndo so phgn ngudi phy nfl: ciing dupe tdt d?p. My E xinh d?p von Id vp cua chiia Xg Dau nude Chiem Thanh. Khi vua Ly Thdi Tdng danh dupe 64 Ngdn ngiif sd 11 nam 2010 Chiem Thdnh, giet Xg Dau. Ndng My fi da nhdy xuong sdng Ly Nhan quyen sinh dk gifl: tam Idng lift nil. TNHG ndi y hdng nhan bgc phgn (ngudi d?p thi so phgn him hiu) dupe dien dgt bing cau tho sau: Thdi ben trdm minh xudng sdng Hdn hoa phdng phdt md hong lenh denh (Cau 4965, 4966) Nhung doi vdi ngudi phy nfl: Vi?t Nam, tim long Hit na khdng phai Id sy hdn ylu, chit theo chong ma Id d khi phdch kien cudng, bdo thu cho chong. Hai Bd Trung dd diy binh khdi nghia, chong lgi sy cai tri tdn bgo cua quan Ddng Ngd. Td cdn tiec nghia tao khang Vdy md tdphdi kiem phuong bdo thii. (Cau so 1691, 1692) Nhd tho dd vgn dyng TNGH Tao khanh chi the dk ndi len tinh nghia vp chong tir thud hdn vi cua Trung Trie. Khi dd "kit duyen Tan Tin", tinh cdm vp chong thdm thiet, gdn bd biy lau, bd dd quylt tam tim cdch bdo thu cho chong. Cupc khdi nghia ciia Hai Bd Trung thdnh cdng vua ddnh duoi gi^c ngogi xdm vira tra dupe thu cho chong. Hai Bd Trung da trd thanh hinh dnh tieu bieu cho y chi, tdi ndng vd pham gid ciia ngudi phy nfl- Vi?t Nam. Tdm lgi, nhiing cau TNGH rat ddc dyng trong vi?c khic hog hinh dnh nhan vgt trong TNNL vdi nhflng chuin myc, khudn mau cua xd hpi phong kiln. Ngodi nhung y nghia nhu tren, tdc gid cdn dimg nhilu TNGH dl ndi vl dgo diic, Ig song, rdn dgy cho ngudi ddi nhu: Ciru nhdn dg thi, Cdi dc tiing thiin, Cdn tdc vd uu, Oan gia tiic trdi, Tu nhdn tich dirc, 2.2. Thdnh ngfl: goc Han ndi vl cupc song TNNL vdi 8136 cau lyc bdt dd dien ca lich sii nude nhd suot may nghin ndm. Nhiing quan ni?m, tinh cdm, udc mo cua tdc gid ve cupc song dd dupe the hi?n phin ndo qua nhiing cau TNGH vd dupe bilu hi?n qua mpt so khia cgnh sau: - TNNL ngpi ca phong cdnh dit nude Ngay tu thud Hong Bdng, ngudi dan dit Vi?t ludn mong muon mpt dit nude thong nhit, dpc Igp. Bdi vgy, TNGH Xa dong quy, thu ddng vdn (Xe cimg mpt khoang each giiia hai bdnh, sdch cimg mpt thii chfl:) dupe nhd tho sir dyng din 5 lan trong TNNL (cdu so 87, 931, 2500, 6713, 7909) dl khic dam rulm khdt vpng thong nhat dat nude cua nhan dan, chdng hgn: Xa thu mgt mdi idng Idng, Ddn khdng tgp ngyy, vgt khdng bdt cdn. (Cau 87, 88) Cdc TNGH cdn dupe tdc gid huy dpng dl vg nen biic tranh phong cdnh Vi?t Nam non xanh nude bile tuyft ml: Non xanh nude bile xa khcri Mudng kia, Mdn ng, ndo ngudi chdng nghe. (Cau 4931,4932) Thanh ngiir - Dat nude d?p dg, trdn day cdnh sdc. O dd, nhan dan sdng mpt cupc song thanh binh, yen on, binh yen vd su: Nude Nam vgc vge quan hd, Ddn ddn vd sy, nhd nhd bhih yen (Cau 2173, 2174) Thgm chi trong chiin tranh, dit nude van dupe yen binh bdi cd trdi dat phu hp, ngudi ngudi ddng tdm hiip luc, quylt tam danh gi^c. NTid dd dd mang din nhflng thing Ipi vang dpi: Binh ra thudn gid thuan mua, Thien tiidi, dia Ipi, nhan hod dudi tren. Luy ndo lUy chdng phd tan Gigc ndo Id chdng lo toan ve ddu. (Cau 4081-4084) Nhd tho da vgn dyng nguyen v?n cau TNGH Thien thdi, dia lgi, nhdn hda khi ndi vl thdi dgi Dinh Tien Hodng, thdi phong kien ty chu dau tien ciia nude ta, nhd Dmh, sdnh ngang vdi nude lang gilng phuong Bic. - TNGH ndi ve cdng cupc xay dyng dit nude Dat nude gidnh dupe chu quyIn dpc Igp. Vdi nhflng vi vua sang tdi hien, trieu <flnh phong kiln Vi?t Nam dan din dupe dyng xay. Nhd vua bilt rdng phdi xay dyng qude phii binh cudng, dat nude gidu mgnh, quan dpi tinh nhu?, nhan dan am no thi trieu dgi mdi hung thinh: Hieu xung la An Duong Vuong, Quoc phii binh cudng, ddn khde nhd no. (Cau so 735, 736) 65 Ngodi ra, nhd vua ciing can dyng len nhirng thdnh tri chic chin, ben viing mudn ddi dl doi phd vdi ngn ngogi xdm: Mudn ddi tri ddi kim thang Cdi nguyen Thiin Dirc, nude rdng Vgn Xudn. (Cau sd 2287,2288) Ngay tu buoi dau xay dyng nhd nude Vgn Xuan, Ly Nam DI dd rat y thiie bien thdnh Long Bien thanh cdn cir kim thdnh thang tri, vdi thdnh bdng kim khi, hdo bdng nude ndng, thdnh tii trd nen vflng chic, quan gi$c khdng 1dm gi dupe. Nhu vgy, qua nhirng TNGH md tdc gid vgn dyng, chiing ta thiy dupe phan ndo cupc song, cdnh sic ciia dat nude suot may thi ki. Dit nude Vi?t Nam tuoi d?p thanh son thiiy tii, cupc sdng nhan dan thanh binh, yen am nhung ciing hdo himg vdi nhiing cupc khdi nghia chdng gi^c ngogi xdm, bdo v? quan hd. 3. Ket lu^n Vi?e vgn dyng cdc TNGH vdo tgp tho Ndm do sp nhat cua Vi?t Nam da chiing td tdc gid dd dimg viing tren mdnh ddt ngdn nga ciia ddn tgc vd tiep thu mgt cdch chu dgng, sdng tgo nhimg thdnh nga ngogi lai. Trong von tir vyng cua moi dan tpc, vi?c thilu nhiing cym tii dl chi nhflng khdi ni?m hay sy vgt hi?n tupng trong thi gidi khdch quan Id dilu khdng the tranh khdi. Do dd, lii?n tupng vay mupn nhung TNGH Id tat yeu. Tuy nhien, tdi ndng cua tdc gid chinh Id d cho vgn dyng, cdi bien nhirng TNGH dd theo dyng y cua minh de lam gidu them vdn ngdn ngfl: vdn hpc cua dan 66 Ngdn ngiif sd 11 nam 2010 tpc. Hon nfl:a, tdc gid dd vgn dyng nhung TNGH vdo mpt thi tiio d^ sic cua dan tpc Vi?t Nam - the lyc bdt. Ddi chilu vi?e sir dyng TNGH trong TNNL vdi trong cdc tap tiio Ndm trudc dd thi khdng chi thdy dnh hudng ciia thi liiu Hdn hgc vdo ngdn nga vdn hgc ddn tgc md cdn thdy dugrc qud trinh hinh thdnh vd phdt trien ciia ngdn ngu vdn hgc tieng Viit tu tiidi dgi thi hdo Nguyen Trai din the ki XVn. So lupng cdc ylu to Han ngfl- (d day Id TNGH) dupe vgn dyng ngdy cdng it qua timg thi ki, cy thi nhu: Qude dm thi tgp (Nguyen Trdi, till ki XV) vgn dyng TNGH vdi ti 1? 141/ 2032, Bgch vdn qude ngu thi tgp (Nguyen Binh Khiem, thi ki XVI) cd ti 1? 57/1416 vd Thien Nam ngu lyc (till ki XVII) chi cdn 115/8136. Xem xet TNGH ve cdch van dyng vd npi dung ngfl: nghia dd cho chiing ta cd dupe cdi nhin khdi quat ve nhirng don vi tir vyng goc Han trong qua tiinh sii dyng. Vdi hudng nghien ciiu cy thi nhu tren, chiing tdi hi vpng timg budc sg cd dupe cdi nhin khai qudt vl todn bp nhflng don vi tu vyng trong kho tir vyng Vi?t Nam thi ki XVII. TAI LI$U THAM KHAO 1. va Dung, Vii Thiiy Anh VU Quang Hdo, Tir dien thanh ngir tyc ngir Vi?t Nam (in Idn thir tu), Nxb Vdn hod, H, 2000. 2. Nguyin Thien Gidp, Tir vyng hpc tieng Vi?t (tdi bdn lan thir tu), Nxb GD, H, 2003. 3. Hodng Vdn Hdnh (chu bien), Ke chuy?n thanh ngir tyc ngii (tdi bdn Idn thu hai), Nxb KHXH, H, 2002. 4. Hodng Van Hdnh, Thanh ngir hpc tilng Vi?t, Nxb KHXH, H, 2004. 5. Nguyin Bich Hdng, Trdn Thanh Liem, Tir dien thanh ngfl-, tyc ngir Han Vi?t, Nxb Vdn hod H, 2003. 6. Nguyin Thf Lam, Thien nam ngir lyc (Khao ciiu, phien am, chii giai), Nxb Vdn hgc, H, 2001. 7. Nguyen Lyc, Thanh ngir tieng Vi?t, Nxb Thanh nien, H, 2002. 8. Nguyen Thi Tdn, Nhgn di?n thanh ngii goc Han trong tilng Vi?t, T/c Ngdn nga,S6l2,2003,tr.l6-25. 9. Tran Thf Thanh, Tim hilu thanh ngi^, tyc ngir trong "Thien Nam ngii lyc", Lugn vdn thgc si, Dgi hgc Hue, 1996. 10. Nguyen Nhu Y, Nguyen Vdn Khang, Phgm Xudn Thdnh, Tu diln giai thich thanh ngir goc Han, Nxb Vdn hod, H, 1994. . Thg ti Nam son thanh Nam son trong cau " ;Nam son hd sdnh, niii trdng xem tdy" (cau sd 5782); khi thi tinh lupc ve sau nhu: Tao khang chi the thdnh tao khanh trong cau:. ngiif sd 11 nam 2010 tpc. Hon nfl:a, tdc gid dd vgn dyng nhung TNGH vdo mpt thi tiio d^ sic cua dan tpc Vi?t Nam - the lyc bdt. Ddi chilu vi?e sir dyng TNGH trong TNNL vdi trong cdc tap. bien TNGH dupe sir dyng trong TNNL: - Phuong phdp chem xen (them tu vdo thdnh ngii goc) dupe tdc gid vgn dyng 4 lan. Trong qud trinh van 62 Ngdn ngiir sd 11 nam 2010 dyng, nha tho khdng