NG6N NGtr so 1 2011 GIA THUYET VE QUAN HE VAN HOA - GIAO TIEP GS.TS NGUYfiN QUANG 1. C& nhan, nh6m xS hpi, tieu vin hoi vk vkn hoi Khi tien hanh nghien cuu cac bmh dipn phgm tru trong giao tilp giao vdn hod, chung tdi ludn y thftc dugc rdng do la nhung binh dipn phgm tru rat nhu hogt va tinh tl. Chung phy thugc rit nhilu vao cac an tang vdn hoa nhu gid trj, quan niem, ditc tin, edm kj cung nhu cac thanh td giao tilp nhu cdc thong so nhdn thdn cua chu the vd ddi the giao tiip, quan he giifa cdc ddi tdc giao tiep, quyen lite ciia chii the ddi vdi ddi the giao tiep, muc dich giao tiep, ngi dung giao tiep, hinh thitc thdng diep, i"oi trudng giao tiip Do vgy, chung tdi thien nghi vipc dua ra cac phd nipm tuypt doi ve bilu dgt cua cdc binh dipn phgm trft nay trong cdc cpng ddng ngdn ngft - vdn hod dugc xet dl khdng djnh rdng cac cd nhan, cac nhdm xd hgi, cac tieu vdn hod va cac nin vdn hoa khdc nhau deu vipn den cdc chien luge va tieu chien luge giong nhau do diu chia se cac phd nipm dd la mgt each nhin nhgn chua thoa dang. Nd lam "xa cftng" va "danh ddng" cac ddi tu(7ng dugc xet. Song, nlu ta lgi thdi qud ma cho rdng con ngudi sinh ra von la nhumg ca nhan dan le, khdc bipt vdi nhimg ca nhan khdc, cho nen vipc tim kiem nhimg d$c diem hanh vi ndi chimg vd hdnh vi giao tilp ndi rieng dl nhgn dipn cdc nhdm xd hgi, cac tilu vdn hoa, va cac nen vdn hod la khdng taong thi dd ciing lgi la mgt cdch nhin nhgn can dugc xem xet lgi. Con ngudi sinh ra von tien thien mang tu each kep (double status): vfta mang tu each ca nhan, vfta mang tu each thdnh vien. Cac hdnh vi hanh tac (action), tuong tdc (interaction) va xuyen tdc (transaction) cfta mgt con ngudi mgt m^t the hipn va minh chftng cho tu each ca nhan cua ngudi do (thi dy: anh A khac vdi anh B), m^t khdc giup ta nhin nhan dugc tinh dong nhdm cua ngudi dd vdi mgf nhftng ngudi khdc (thi dy: anh A vd anh B deu la ngudi Bdc Bg). Dfta tren quan nipm ve tu each kep cua con ngudi, chung tdi xin dugc dua ra cdc sa dd sau: _ 20 Ngon ngiif so 1 ndm 2011 TvUcfa TV£*th lUnh -vtia Tveicbi ci ab&B Tatieh U nhin CACCANHAN Tir etch ci nhin K':vji"'-'-_ Nbtim xS m A Nb6m Ii hOi C Nh«m xl bOi B jKmilmmk CACNHdMXAHOl TUavinholA Titu vin hoi B cAc Tifcu VAN H6A Ti^n vin hoi C Gia thuyet §f Tieu viln ho;i A | .1 _J Tif u \ iln lio;l B \ NKN S'IN IKVV ' I'icuvfiii lio;i (• Vdi cdch nhin nhgn tren, chung tdi thilt nghi, khi nghien cftu vl giao tilp giao vdn hod xet theo bkih dipn phgm tru, ta chi cd thi vd chi nen tun ra nhirng d^c diem phd qudt, nhirng khudn mau giao tilp (ca ngdn tft va phi ngdn tft) phd dyng, diln hinh cua cdc nhdm xd hgi, cac tilu vdn hod vd cac nin vdn hoa md thdi. Ndi cdch khdc, nhitng kit qud md ehiing ta ed dugre thdng qua cdc cdng trinh nghien citu (ed djnh lugmg vd djnh tinh), vdi bdt eu tdm mite ndo, eiing ehi ed the dung vdi sd ddng, vdi dgi da sd, thdm chi vdi tuyet dgi da sd ehu khdng the dung vdi mgi cd nhdn ciia nhdm xd hgi, tiiu vdn hda hay nin van hod do dugre. Levine va Adelman (1993) dd cd li khi vi vai trd cfta vdn hoa va cd nhan nhu vai trd cfta dgo dien vd dien vien. Tuy cimg ddng mgt vai vd cung dugc mgt dgo dien chi dan, nhtmg hai dien vien, dft rit xuit sdc va rit no lyc de ddng dung theo yeu ciu cua dgo dien, nhtmg chdc chdn hg sg khdng ddng hodn toan nhu nhau, thgm chi, tuong ty nhau. Ngoai ra, trong qua trinh nghien cftu vl cac binh dipn phgm tru trong giao tiep giao vdn hod xet theo cac thanh to giao tilp va cac in tang vdn hod, chung tdi cung din nhgn thiy rdng nlu chi xet chung thuin tuy tren binh dipn giao tilp ngi ngdn (intralinguistic communication), chftng ta rit cd kha ndng sg di din nhQng kit lugn, nhirng phan djnh, nhumg nhgn xet sai Ipch ve hdnh vi giao tilp cfta nhimg ngudi din tft (cac) nin vdn hoa khac. Mpt hanh vi phan hdi ngdn tft boa (verbalised response) cd the dugc mong dcpd va dugc nhin nhgn Id mgt hdnh vi ljch sy ft-ong mpt nin vdn hod ndy, nhung nd rit cd thi lgi la 22 Ngon ngiif so 1 nam 2011 mgt hdnh vi khdng dugc mong dc^i vd bj coi la sao rong, khdng thgt ldng trong mgt nen vdn hod khdc. Mgt thi dy ma chung tdi dd neu ra trong cuon Giao tiep vd giao tiep giao vdn hod (2002) ve hdnh dgng xin loi ftong cgng dong Uc vd cgng dong Hoa, Vipt cd thi Id mgt minh hog. Trong nhieu cgng dong vdn hod - ngdn ngu A chau, cdc phan hoi phi ngdn tft hod (nonverbalised responses) the hipn sy bilt loi, sy an hgn td ra phu hgp ban trong nhieu tinh huong cy the. Thi dy, vd tinh xd vao ngudi khdc, cui diu, mim cudi cau hod roi budc tilp. Do vgy, nlu muon dgt tdi mgt cdi nhin thiu dao vl Uch sy (ca duong tinh vd am tinh) trong giao tilp, ta khdng thi khdng xet den cdc ylu to cgn ngdn vd ngogi ngdn (phi ngdn tft) vd tinh phft hgp cua chung trong cdc tuong tac cy thi, vai cac quan hp vai cy thi, d cac chu canh tmh hudng va chu canh vdn hod cy the. 2. Bkn chat k£p, tv cich k^p vk cic binh difn ph^m trii Chung tdi cho rdng con ngudi (human being), khi sinh ra, von tien thien mang theo bdn chat kep (double nature) cua minh; cd nghia la con ngudi vua Id sinh thi xa hgi (social being), vfta la sinh the cd y thirc (conscious being). I SINH THfi XA HOI V(5i bdn chit Id sinh the xd hgi, vd ciing nhu cdc loai vgt cd chung ban chat (lodi ong, lodi kiln ), con ngudi phdi tuong tdc vdd cdc thanh vien khac trong xd hgi (thu nhd va/ ho^c md rgng) cua mmh. Ndi cdch khac, ban chit xd hgi bdt huge con ngudi, bdng each ndy hay cdch khdc, phdi tuang tdc (interacting). Ngay cd trong cdc tuang tdc npi nhan (intrapersonal interactions) - chuypn trd vdi chinh bdn than minh - cac ylu to ciu thdnh cd nhan P-A-C (Cha mp/ Parent: P; Ngudi tnrdng thdnh/ Aduh: A; Con tre/ Child: C), vdn dugc tgo nen thong qua cdc trdi nghipm xd hgi vd dugc tich ty thdnh cdc vai xd hgi trong moi cd nhan, cting giao tilp theo cdc c|lp vai khdc nhau nhu "Cha mp - Con Gia thuyet 23 tie", "Ngudi ldn - Ngudi ldn" Thi dy: Giao tilp ngi nhan giua ylu to "Cha mp" vd "Con ti'e": Khi di dgo ben ho, Quang - mgt gido vien dgi hgc tre - nhin thay mgt cd gdi dang thd bg phia trudc, mdi tdc budng lai, than hinh thon thd, dang dipu khoan thai. Anh ta (ylu to "Con ft-g") ty nhft: - Chd, cd be cd thdn hinh hdp ddn qud nhi? Mnh thit vugt ten liec xem CO be xinh den muc ndo mdi duQc. Nhtmg mgt gigng ndi trong anh ta (ylu to "Cha mp") chgt vang len: - Nccy, cdn than day I Cd khi cd ta lgi Id sinh vien cua cgu thi sao. Nd md ve trudng ki chuyen vdi mgi ngudi thi phien ddy. (SINHTHi I XAHOI ::Mi0if Vdi bdn chat la sinh thi cd y thftc, vd hodn toan khac vai cdc lodi vgt trong thi gidi ty nhien von dugc coi Id khdng cd y thftc (mgt so nhd nghien cftu d$t vin de nghi ngd lugn dilm ndy), con ngudi thyc hipn cac hogt dgng li tinh cfta mmh. Ndi cdch khdc, ban chat y thuc bdt bugc con ngudi phdi tu duy (thinking). SINH TH^ C6 tTHtrc i •••••••• TUDUY ^ Trong qud trinh tuang tdc (tucmg tdc ngi nhdn, tucmg tdc lien nhan, tucmg tdc nhdm, tuang tdc xd hgi ) vd tu duy (tri nhgn, so sdnh, ddi chieu ), con 24 Ngdn ngiif so 1 ndm 2011 ngudi nhdn dipn dugc chuih ban tiian mmh va nhimg ngudi khdc; cd nghia Id con ngudi cd dugc tu niem (self- oncept) va tha niem (other - concept). TV MEM V.4THA NIKM Trong qua trinh ty nipm va tha nipm ay, con ngudi nhan thay d minh va nhiing ngudi khac cd mpt diem chung: Hp ddng thdi vua Id nhirng ca nhan khu biet (anh A khdc vcii chi B, 6ng C.) vfta la nhiing thanh vien hda dong (ciia gia dinh, ldp hpc, ca quan, cau lgc bg ). Ndi cdch khac, hp deu cd chung tu each kep {double status) la tu cdch thdnh vien (membership) vd tu edeh cd nhdn (individualship). - - ; ~ .^^ ^r- I :<-•'-• ANHW / X I TLNIEM A \ A THA NIEM X \ I \ I // K _^ \ Y \ THA.\H\!r\ TLC Cli CANilAX TLCACH T11A\HVIEN Gia thuyet. 25 Chinh sy qudn binh giua hai tu each ndy hay sy nhan manh vao mgt trong hai tu cdch dd cua sd ddng ftong mgt cpng ddng ngdn ngu - vdn hod da gc^i cho chftng tdi y tuc!mg dua ra cac binh dipn phgm trft (categorrical dimensions) trong nghien cftu giao tiep npi vdn hod vd giao vdn hod. Dd la: Tir CACH CA NHAN <# i2> !f1T 'I' !'!"'!'!;|'n'!";!.n!l|'|| niLiMnllijIiLmilliiJl TXi eACH THANII VIEN fgj mm. ntiijlft 11 fRfflW I'll:! II till 1| 'itlni'iii i li^^ttsiflm^^M^^ KHACHQUANTINH <c DUY Li <:IJ: tQiry tHtWjIli <;: HirONG NOI <;: BINHDAKG <:: llfGdNKltM •<J CVTH^ <:: ::^iH|-TBi(^^''|'it|:P:;:;:''":« i i£USl^ :tPRpsFi nr !||:j|||l||J;j:j:ip|!: <^ KHANG OINH MiNH <Cu]: sti5ffi»>*^ • rl Bi imp^ > CHU QUAN TINH DUYCAM PHI qvY THtrc HUCiNG NGOAI TONTI IStG^NRUdM ftjlj llllk o 'B^NO:: ;:••',: ^^ llll'jfirijafiMxAc. "1 :;> HAMINH De giup dpc gid ndm bdt rd rang hem va hp thdng ban ve cac ludn diem vfta neu, chftng tdi xin dugc thiet ke vd dua ra so dd sau: 26 Ngdn ngiif sd 1 ndm 2011 Sinh the xS h$i CON NGUdi sJ 7^ " Sinh th4y thuc ]= Tu(3Tig tic T Tir duy h^ T\rn!$mvdUHni$m J z:^z;C4c cdnhan C^ th^nh vien Tu cdch c& nlian «#• Thi6n \e cSnhan Cbu c^h ihap Lich su am tinh Khich quan tinh; DUY : QoythiH Ij ilm)ng nOi Kabdlag a Ng6n ki^ CMtb^ True hep Tinh ?j Chinh xAc ^- Khing dinh minh ^ Tu c^ch th^nh viSn KLii : 1 !,.;. Tliiia vc nhom ::; Chu c&nh cao 1 J • ^ ! T Lich su duang tinh * Chu quan tinh Duy cam Phi quy Ihon; Hu<!nig ngogi T6nti Ngdn rudm Trim twgng Gi4n ti^ E>^ PWcWnbx4<j Hajninh n VlaiitB Ritr6(til71«eol00H) l5£3 Rij ra (loll <j4r 100*-4) n R6(ti46 iniWi) • Ri I* 46 dio 70%) ~ KMiurtllnteliaiilJSj l-i KMo| i« lio (m 11 dfc 2«4) '"' KMoj la (Im din I0«) EMggi^OtediolOS) Gia thuyet 27 3. So-do quan hp vdn hda - giao tiep Trong boat dpng giao tilp hang ngay, chiing ta th\rc hipn cdc hdnh dpng giao tiep (communicative acts) khac nhau trong cac s\r kipn va tinh hudng giao tiep (commumcative events/ situations) khac nhau. Neu xet ve mdi quan hp gifta vdn hod vd giao tiep, chftng tdi xin dugc dua ra gid thuyet sau: Vdn hod, nhu mgt nggn Ifta vd hinh dugc hdng dudng hai cac "dn tdng" (cultural hiddens) cua nd nhu: gid trj, dftc tin, quan nipm, thdi quen, truyen thdng, cam kj , dd tao ra sftc song cho toan bg cdc tdng sau: > ' a) Tdng thdnh td giao tiep b) Tdng binh dien phgm trii giao tiep ' ''1 'l'.'^ "' c) Tdng ngdn ngii giao tiip , , •.! ^JU' W .') - V." V Vi,:^ ii\: • ' ; d) Tdng hdnh dgng giao tiep ., Cd thi hinh dung cdc tang nay nhu bon mdt cdt cua mgt hinh pheu vd dugc phan bo nhu sau: *Tang 1 - Thdnh to giao tiep: Tang nay chju dnh hudng tr\rc tilp cua "Nggn Ifta vdn hod" (Flame of culture). Nd bao gom cdc thdnh to giao tilp sau (Cac thdnh to ndy, din lugt chung, lai bao gom nhilu tham to): 1) Cdc thdng sd eiia ehii thi giao tiip (Addresser's parameters - Adr) 2) Cdc thdng sd ciia ddi the giao tiep (Addressee's parameters - Ade) 3) Quan he giUa ede ddi tde giao tiep (Participants' relationship - Re) 4) Quyen luc cua chii the giao tiep ddi vdi ddi the giao tiep (Addressor's power over addressee - Po) ' ' ' ,. : ; 5) Trgng thdi tdm li eiia cdc ddi tde khi giao tiep (Participants' mood when commimicating - Mo) 6) Khi chdt eiia ede ddi tde giao tiep (Participants' temperament - Te) 7) Tinh cdm ciia ede ddi tde giao tiep (Participants' feelings - Fe) 8) Thdi dg ciia cdc ddi tdc giao tiep (Participants' attitudes - At) 9) Muc dieh giao tiep (?virpose-Yn) 10) De tdi giao tiep (Topic - To) 11) Hinh thitc giao tiep (Form-Fd) 12) Ngi dung giao tiep (Content - Co) : :; 13) Khung cdnh giao tiip (Setting - Se) 14) Thdi gian ddnh cho giao tiep (Time availability - TA) * Tang 2 - Binh dipn ph^m tru: Tdng nay ndm tren tang "Thanh td giao tilp" vd chju tac dgng gidn tiep ciia cac an tdng vdn hod (gid trj, quan nipm, due 28 Ngdn ngiif so 1 nam201j_ tin, ) tiidng qua tang "Thdnh to giao tilp". Nd bao gdm cdc buih dipn pham tru cu the sau: 1) Chu quan tinh - Khdch quan tinh (Subjectivity vs. Objectivity: Su-Ob) 2) True tiip - Gidn tiip (Direcmess vs. Indirectiiess: Di-In) 3) Chinh xdc - Phi chinh xdc (Accuracy vs. Inaccuracy: Ac-In) 4) Dgng - Tinh (Dynamicality vs. Staticality: Dy-St) 5) Hg minh - Khdng dinh minh (Self-abasement vs. Self-assertion: SAb - Sas) 6) Lich su duang tinh - Lich su dm tinh (Positive politeness vs. Negative politeness: PP-NP) 7) Tritu tugmg - Cu the (Absttactness vs. Concreteness: Ab - Co) 8) Duy cdm - Duy li (Sentimentality vs. Rationality: Se - Ra) 9) Tdn ti - Binh ddng (Hierarchy vs. Equality: Hi - Eq) 10) Hudng ngi - Hudng ngogi (Introversion vs. Extroversion: In - Ex) 11) Qui thirc - Phi qui thitc (Formality vs. Informality: Fo - In) 12) Thien ve nhdm - Thien ve ed nhdn (Group - orientation vs. Self - orientation: GO - SO) 13) Chu cdnh cao - Chu cdnh thdp (High - context vs. Low-context: HC - LC) 14) Ngdn rudm - Ngdn kiem (Redimdancy vs. Economicality: Re - Ec) *Tang 3 - Ngon neir giao tiep: Tang nay ndm phia tren ting "Bmh dipn pham trft". Nd chiu tdc dpng gian tiep cfta "Ngpn Ifta vdn hod" thdng qua tdng "Thanh to giao tiep" vd tang "Binh dipn pham tru". Tang 3 dugc cdu thdnh bdi cac yeu td sau: 1) A^p; «^d« (Intralanguage - Intra.Iang) 2) Can ngdn (Paralanguage - Para.lang) 3) Ngogi ngdn (Extralanguage - Extra.Iang) ' *• ''''•'• 3.1) Ngdn ngir thdn the (Body language - BL) 3.2) Ngdn ngii vgt the (Object language - OL) 3.3) Ngdn ngii mdi trucmg (Environmental language - EL) *Tang 4 - Hdnh dpng giao tiep: Day Id tang tren cung vd Id ting ho^t dpng giao tilp tii\rc tl. Nd chiu tdc dpn^ gian tilp cua "Ngpn Ifta vdn hod" tiidng qua ting "Binh dipn pharn tiii" vd tang "Thanh to giao tilp". Dong tiidi nd dugc "hipn thvrc hod" bdi ting "Ngdn npu giao tilp". Ting 4 la ting md Ixri nd bao gdm tat cd cac ho^t dgng giao tiep thvrc tl nhu: khuyen rdn, thdng bao, ddng y, bat ddng, ggi y, cam cm, khen nggi [...]... 1990 2 Gregg J.Y, Communication and Culture, Heinle & Heinle Publishers, 1993 3 Nguyen Quang, Giao tiep va giao tilp giao vdn hod, Nxb DHQG, H, 2002 4 Nguyen Quang, Mgt sd van de giao tiep ngi vdn hod va giao vdn hod, Nxb DHQG, H, 2004 5 Nguyen Quang, Giaotiepphi ngdn tu qua cac nin vdn hod, Nxb KHXH, H, 2008 6 Nguyen Quang, Lecture - notes on Cross - Cultural Commimication, Unpublished ... dich giao tilp: Cd lgi cho CTGTvd trung tinh (hogc cd thi ed lgi) doi vdi DTGT + De tai giao tilp: An todn + Hinh thftc giao tilp: Kit hgp cd ngdn tit vdphi ngdn tit + Ngi dung giao tilp: Cd CTGT va DTGT eiing quan tdm (hogc CTGT to ra Id nhu the vd mudn ddi the nghi Id nhu thi) Nhipm vy dgt ra cho vipc nghien cuu cdc hogt dgng giao tilp cy thi ttong hai thyc the vdn hod - giao tiep (giao tilp giao. .. vd/hogc vdn hod cao * Thdng so cua doi till giao tilp: Tuang tu nhu cua chii thi giao tiip; song di ed khd ndng cd nghi nghiep vd/ hogc thu nhgp on dinh hem (it nhdt Id vdo thdi diim phdt ngdn ciia chii the giao tiep dugrc dua ra) * Quan hp gifta chu till giao tilp vd doi thi giao tilp: It nhdt Id quen biit * Quyen lyc cua chu thi giao tilp doi vdi doi thi giao tilp: It nhieu mang tinh ddng nien, ddng... tiu" vd "Thanh to giao tilp" khi nghien cftu vl giao tilp ngi vdn hod vd giao vdn hod Chung tdi dd thiet kl mgt "Bang qui xet giao tiep npi vdn hod vd giao vdn tilp vd, trong thyc tl, dd sft dyng nd Iam khung nghien cftu (framework) cho cac nghien cuu thyc nghipm cua minh (Cd the xem khimg nghien cftu nay d cuoi cuon sach Mgt sd vdn de giao tiip ngi vdn hda vd giao vdn hda cua Nguyen Quang, 2004, Nxb... v)n;ui!>| " 4 Tinh dpng ciia quan hp vdn hoa - giao tiep Xin dugc ltm y rdng quan hp gifta giao tiep va vdn hod la quan hp "dpng" Khai nipm "dgng" d day dugc hieu nhu sau: ; , < 1) Tinh lieu lugng cfta cdc an tang vSn boa vdn mang ban chat dpng Nhipt do (Heat - map) cfta chftng ludn thay ddi; do vay, tdc dgng cfta chiing len cac hanh dgng giao tiep cy the trong cdc s\r kipn/' tinh hudng giao tilp cy thi ciing... [Hi^n nay] • L-V( d) Cac hdnh dgng giao tiep: Cd the ndi rdng, theo thdi gian, cac hdnh dgng ;; giao tiep ciing thay ddi mpt each dang ke, khdng chi d chuypn mpt so hanh dpng giao tiep hinh nhu khdng dugc sft dyng nfta ttong khi mgt sd hanh dgng giao tiep mdi xuat hipn, hay mpt sd hanh dgng giao tiep dugc sft dyng vdi tin sudt thap dan ttong khi mgt sd hdnh dgng giao tiep khdc I^i dugc vipn tdi vdi... It nhieu mang tinh ddng nien, ddng quyen (age and power equals) * Tinh cam can bilu hipn cfta chu the giao tilp: Trung tinh * Thdi dp cin bilu hipn cfta chft the giao tiep: Trung tinh * Myc dich giao tilp: Cd lgi cho chu the giao tiep nhung bdt lgi eho ddi the giao tiep * Tr^g thai tam li cfta chu the giaotiep:It nhieu mang tinh tieu cue (budn rau, lo ldng ) Tft nhimg lgp lugn vua trinh bay, chung tdi... hipn vd hogt dgng cfta cdc hdnh dgng giao tilp cy the, m$t khac, giftp ta nhgn dipn dugc cdc ylu to tdc dgng din vipc lya chpn cdc chiln luge va cdch thftc Gia thuyet 37 giao tilp nhdm dgt tdi dich giao tilp de ra, vd m$t khac nua, giftp ta nhin ra nhiing anh hudng mgnh mg cua vdn hod ttong hdnh vi giao tiep ndi chtmg vd cac hdnh dgng giao tilp ddctiiundirieng.Vdi tam quan ttgng Idn lao vd khdng the choi... than the (body language) nhu nhdn giao (eye - contact), dipn hipn (facial expressions), tu thi (postures), cft chi (gestures) ttongcac hdnh dpng, sy kipn vd tinh hudng giao tilp cfta hai thyctiievdn hod - giaotiepdugc xet D I tiiay dugc mdi quan hp giua giao tilp vd vdn hod vd de neu bat dugc sy chi phdi cfta cdc an tdng vdn hod ddi vcd cdc hanh dpng, sy kipn, tmh hudng giao tilp ddc thft, chung tdi cho... cdc hogt dgng giao tilp cy thi ttong ngi bg mgt thyc thi vdn hod - giao tilp (giao tilp npi vdn hoa), theo chftng tdi, la phdi tim ra dugc nhiing dnh hudng va tdc dgng cua cac in tang vdn hod len cdc hogt dgng giao tiep dd thdng qua nhiing dnh hudng vd tdc dgng vfta mang tinh phan ting, vfta mang tinh tuang tdc cua cdc binh dipn phgm tru va cac thdnh to giao tiep Thi dy: Vdi hdnh dgng giao tilp khen . Nguyen Quang, Giao tiep va giao tilp giao vdn hod, Nxb DHQG, H, 2002. 4. Nguyen Quang, Mgt sd van de giao tiep ngi vdn hod va giao vdn hod, Nxb DHQG, H, 2004. 5. Nguyen Quang, Giao . nhu gid trj, quan niem, ditc tin, edm kj cung nhu cac thanh td giao tilp nhu cdc thong so nhdn thdn cua chu the vd ddi the giao tiip, quan he giifa cdc ddi tdc giao tiep, quyen. So-do quan hp vdn hda - giao tiep Trong boat dpng giao tilp hang ngay, chiing ta th c hipn cdc hdnh dpng giao tiep (communicative acts) khac nhau trong cac s kipn va tinh hudng giao