Biennial Report 2006 - 2007 Biennial Report 2006 - 2007 International Agency for Research on Cancer International Agency for Research on Cancer International Agency for Research on Cancer Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer SC/44/2 GC/50/2 WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL AGENCY FOR RESEARCH ON CANCER BIENNIAL REPORT 2006-2007 International Agency for Research on Cancer Lyon, France 2007 ISSN 0250-8613 ISBN 978-92-832-1092-4 Printed in France ©International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2007 150 cours Albert-Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France Distributed on behalf of IARC by the Secretariat of the World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland ii International Agency for Research on Cancer 2006-2007 iii iv Table of Contents IARC Medals of Honour vii Director’s Introduction viii IARC Scientific Structure xv Biostatistics and Epidemiology Cluster Epidemiology Methods and Support Group Nutrition and Hormones Team Data Analysis and Interpretation Group 12 Descriptive Epidemiology Production Group 17 Information Technology Services Group 23 Radiation Group 24 Epidemiology and Biology Cluster 33 Infections and Cancer Biology Group 34 Infections and Cancer Epidemiology Group 37 Molecular Carcinogenesis Cluster 44 Carcinogen Identification and Evaluation Group 45 Molecular Carcinogenesis and Biomarkers Group 48 Epigenetics Group 54 Genetics and Epidemiology Cluster 58 Lifestyle, Environment and Cancer Group 59 Genetic Epidemiology Group 68 Genetic Susceptibility Group 74 Pathogenesis and Prevention Cluster 79 Pathology Group 80 Screening Group 85 Screening Quality Control Group 91 IARC Communications Group 95 Education and Training 97 Division of Administration and Finance 101 IARC Ethics Review Committee and Institutional Review Board 102 IARC Governing and Scientific Councils 104 Meetings and Seminars Organised at IARC 108 Staff Publications 114 v vi IARC MEDALS OF HONOUR Roger Sohier Lecture Richard Doll Lecture 1993 Gérard Orth (Institut Pasteur, Paris) – Papilloma virus and human cancer 1994 Guy Blaudin de Thé (Institut Pasteur, Paris) – Epidémiologie moléculaire des rétrovirus oncogènes 1995 Richard Peto (Oxford University, UK) – Avoidance of premature death 1996 Dirk Bootsma (Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands) – DNA repair: maintaining nature’s perfection 1997 Luca Cavalli-Sforza (Stanford University, CA, USA) – Gènes, peuples, langues, cultures 1998 Charles Weissmann (University of Zurich, Switzerland) – Biology and transmission of prion diseases 1999 Jan Pontén (Uppsala University, Sweden) – Sunlight and skin cancer: New insights 2000 Richard Klausner (National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA) – The war on cancer: Where we are and where research is taking us 2001 Oliver Brüstle (Institut für Neuropathologie, University of Bonn, Germany) – Embryonic stem cells: Basic concepts and therapeutic applications 2002 Jeffrey Koplan (Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, USA) – Bioterrorism and public health preparedness 2003 Paul Kleihues (Director, IARC) – Poverty, affluence and the global burden of cancer 2004 Umberto Veronesi (European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy) – Breast cancer management and care: Current results and future perspectives 2005 David Lane (University of Dundee, UK) – p53 and human cancer: The next 25 years 2006 Georg Klein (Karolinska Institute, Sweden) - Viral contributions to tumorigenesis 2007 Mariano Barbacid (Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Spain) - Ras genes, Ras oncogenes and cancer 2004 Richard Doll (London, UK) – Fifty years follow-up of British doctors 2005 Brian MacMahon (Needham, MA, USA) – Epidemiology and the causes of breast cancer 2006 Joseph Fraumeni Jr (National Institutes of Health, United States of America) – Genes and the environment in cancer causation: An epidemiologic perspective 2007 Dimitrios Trichopoulos (Harvard School of Public Health, USA) – Breast cancer: Epidemiology and etiology IARC Lecture 2005 2006 2007 Tadao Kakizoe (National Cancer Centre, Tokyo, Japan) – Bladder cancer: A model of human cancer determined by environmental factors and genetics Ketayun Dinshaw (Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India) – Cancer Treatment and Control Komen Foundation, USA Lecture given by LaSalle D Leffall on behalf of Ambassador Nancy G Brinker vii Director’s Introduction The staff of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and the Agency diaspora, were saddened to hear of the death of Dr Lorenzo Tomatis, the second Director of the IARC and the founder of the IARC Monographs Programme for Carcinogen Identification and Evaluation Dr Tomatis was a welcome visitor to the Agency He had been participating in the planning meetings for the 100th Volume of the Monographs and had ‘My first contact with Lorenzo Tomatis was not as a scientist but as a writer, when in 1965 he published the book “Il Laboratorio”, describing his frustration working in a research and academic environment in Italy that motivated his decision not to go back to his home country but to stay in the USA This lead to a successful and outstanding career in cancer research, firstly in Chicago and then in Lyon (France) Whilst working in the laboratory of Dr Philippe Shubik in Chicago he became interested in chemical carcinogenesis and in particular he produced the original observation of an increased risk of cancer in mice in the offspring of mothers exposed to chemical carcinogens During this period his conviction matured that primary prevention of cancer was the underlining theme and the goal for all his future research This motivation was a determinant in his decision to move to the IARC in Lyon in 1967 to become Chief of the Unit of Chemical Carcinogenesis In 1982 he became Director of the Agency, succeeding John Higginson, the first Director of the Agency He foresaw in this newly formed WHO institution a place where he could develop and implement his ideas on cancer prevention This was a very interesting and exciting time for the Agency, devoted to the development of programmes and recruitment of staff The overall goal of the Agency was to integrate cancer epidemiology and basic (laboratory) research with the objectives of assessing cancer incidence and their variations world-wide and understanding, with the integration of laboratory science (molecular epidemiology), the aetiopathogenesis of various types of cancers This approach was very attractive to epidemiologists and laboratory scientists and resulted in the recruitment of staff who were successful in implementing molecular epidemiological studies in parallel with more traditional cancer epidemiological studies and cancer registries During this time, and later as a Director, he gave priority to the recruitment of high quality staff and was able to implement programmes that were, and still are, recognized by the international scientific cancer community In addition to the establishment at the Agency of cancer research laboratories therefore, Lorenzo Tomatis was directly responsible for the initiation and implementation of some major viii agreed to prepare a history of the Monograph Programme for this 100th volume An appreciation of the life of Dr Tomatis has been prepared by his lifelong friend and ex-IARC scientist, Dr Ruggero Montesano research projects One of these, the ‘IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk to Humans’, begun in the late sixties was, and still is, a major programme of the IARC It was something he particularly valued and he continued to keep a critical eye on it even after his retirement from the Agency He was also interested in cancer in developing countries Under his Directorship two major projects were initiated on the role of viruses in human cancers One is The Gambia Hepatitis Intervention Study, which aims to assess the efficacy of HBV vaccination in the prevention of chronic liver diseases and the role of other risk factors, namely aflatoxins and HCV infection in hepatocellular carcinoma The other project concerns epidemiological studies on the role of human papilloma virus in the aetiology of cervical cancer Another major project initiated under his Directorship was the prospective study on nutrition and cancer involving thousands of individuals from many European countries Other activities which he supported were cancer epidemiology and cancer registries, and the IARC Fellowship Programme The initiation and support of these various projects shows the broad interest of Lorenzo Tomatis in cancer research and underlines the importance he always gave to primary cancer prevention as the most effective approach to reduce cancer mortality world-wide The implementation of these ideas was, and remains, not always easy and he was able to overcome, with great determination, the difficulties encountered among the scientific communities and elsewhere in this respect Since his first book “Il Laboratorio”, many other successful books (all in Italian) have been published, describing with humour and an acute eye the various personages and situations encountered in his professional and social life.’ Lorenzo Tomatis died on 21st September 2007 in Lyon, France Our thoughts go to his wife and son, Delia and Paolo Dr Ruggero Montesano Director’s Introduction The four Heads of the IARC Monographs Programme reunited in 2006 Dr Brian MacMahon during his last visit to the Agency The International Agency for Research on Cancer joins the international cancer community in mourning the passing, on December 2007, of Brian MacMahon, longtime chair of the Department of Epidemiology at Harvard School of Public Health and a giant in the field of cancer epidemiology In 1960, Dr MacMahon co-authored Epidemiologic Methods This textbook became Epidemiology: Principles and Methods, recognised for decades as the definitive text in the field Besides his work in epidemiology in general, Dr MacMahon was known in Another sad event was the death of Dr Brian MacMahon, who had been one of the original members of the IARC Scientific Council during the 1960’s and had made a significant contribution to the development of the Agency Dr MacMahon made an outstanding contribution to the development of cancer epidemiology when he was Chairman of the Department of Epidemiology at Harvard School of Public Health in Boston, Massachusetts Dr MacMahon received the IARC Medal of Honour in 2005 in recognition of his outstanding contribution to cancer epidemiology and the Agency An appreciation of the life of Dr MacMahon appears on this page At a personal level, these deaths were particularly sad since I had worked with both I was on the Faculty of the Department of Epidemiology at Harvard when Brian was Chairman and it was Lorenzo who appointed me to the Agency staff when I left Harvard particular for his advances in breast cancer etiology He was the lead author on a landmark 1970 study that identified an association between breast cancer risk and the age at which a woman first gives birth These findings provided new insight into the protective mechanisms of pregnancy and stimulated broad reconsideration of the etiology of breast cancer In addition to his own work in the field, Dr MacMahon built an epidemiology program at Harvard that produced many leaders in academia and government research He was honoured with awards from the American Cancer Society, the American Public Health Association and the General Motors Cancer Research Foundation, and was elected to the Institute of Medicine in 1973 In addition, he was awarded honorary doctorates from the University of Athens, the State University of New York, and the University of Birmingham, England Dr MacMahon was one of the members of the IARC Scientific Council at its inception in the mid-1960’s and made a significant contribution to determining the direction which the Agency took In addition, he was a long-term collaborator with IARC In 2005, in recognition of his contributions to cancer research and his contribution to the Agency, Dr MacMahon delivered the 2005 Richard Doll lecture, entitled “Epidemiology and the Causes of Breast Cancer”, and was awarded the IARC Medal of Honour Brian MacMahon died on 5th December 2007 Our thoughts go to his children Mary, Kathleen, Kevin and Michael ix Staff Publications MO, Peeters PH, Numans ME, ClavelChapelon F, Trichopoulou A, Fenger C, Stenling R, Ferrari P, Jenab M, Norat T, Riboli E, Gonzalez CA (2006) Endogenous versus exogenous exposure to N-nitroso compounds and gastric cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-EURGAST) study Carcinogenesis 27(7):1497-1501 Jenab M, Riboli E, Ferrari P, Sabate J, Slimani N, Norat T, Friesen M, Tjonneland A, Olsen A, Overvad K, Boutron-Ruault MC, ClavelChapelon F, Touvier M, Boeing H, Schulz M, Linseisen J, Nagel G, Trichopoulou A, Naska A, Oikonomou E, Krogh V, Panico S, Masala G, Sacerdote C, Tumino R, Peeters PH, Numans ME, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Buchner FL, Lund E, Pera G, Sanchez CN, Sanchez MJ, Arriola L, Barricarte A, Quiros JR, Hallmans G, Stenling R, Berglund G, Bingham S, Khaw KT, Key T, Allen N, Carneiro F, Mahlke U, Del GG, Palli D, Kaaks R, Gonzalez CA (2006) Plasma and dietary vitamin C levels and risk of gastric cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-EURGAST) Carcinogenesis 27(11):2250-2257 Jenab M, Sabate J, Slimani N, Ferrari P, Mazuir M, Casagrande C, Deharveng G, Tjonneland A, Olsen A, Overvad K, Boutron-Ruault MC, Clavel-Chapelon F, Boeing H, Weikert C, Linseisen J, Rohrmann S, Trichopoulou A, Naska A, Palli D, Sacerdote C, Tumino R, Mattiello A, Pala V, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Ocke MC, Peeters PH, Engeset D, Skeie G, Jakszyn P, Ardanaz E, Quiros JR, Chirlaque MD, Martinez C, Amiano P, Berglund G, Palmqvist R, Guelpen B, Bingham S, Key T, Riboli E (2006) Consumption and portion sizes of tree nuts, peanuts and seeds in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohorts from 10 European countries Br J Nutr 96(Suppl 2):S12-S23 Jenab M, Riboli E, Ferrari P, Friesen M, Sabate J, Norat T, Slimani N, Tjonneland A, Olsen A, Overvad K, Boutron-Ruault MC, ClavelChapelon F, Boeing H, Schulz M, Linseisen J, Nagel G, Trichopoulou A, Naska A, Oikonomou E, Berrino F, Panico S, Palli D, Sacerdote C, Tumino R, Peeters PH, Numans ME, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Buchner FL, Lund E, Pera G, Chirlaque MD, Sanchez MJ, Arriola L, Barricarte A, Quiros JR, Johansson I, Johansson A, Berglund G, Bingham S, Khaw KT, Allen N, Key T, Carneiro F, Save V, Giudice GD, Plebani M, Kaaks R, Gonzalez CA (2006) Plasma and dietary carotenoid, retinol and tocopherol levels and the risk of gastric adenocarcinomas in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition Br J Cancer 95(3):406-415 Jenab M, Riboli E, Cleveland RJ, Norat T, Rinaldi S, Nieters A, Biessy C, Tjonneland A, Olsen A, Overvad K, Gronbaek H, ClavelChapelon F, Boutron-Ruault MC, Linseisen J, Boeing H, Pischon T, Trichopoulos D, Oikonomou E, Trichopoulou A, Panico S, Vineis P, Berrino F, Tumino R, Masala G, Peters PH, Van Gils CH, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Ocke MC, Lund E, Mendez MA, Tormo MJ, Barricarte A, Martinez-Garcia C, Dorronsoro M, Quiros JR, Hallmans G, Palmqvist R, Berglund G, Manjer J, Key T, Allen NE, Bingham S, Khaw KT, Cust A, Kaaks R (2007) Serum C-peptide, IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 and risk of colon and rectal cancers in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Int J Cancer 121(2):368-376 Jenkins MA, Baglietto L, Dowty JG, Van Vliet CM, Smith L, Mead LJ, Macrae FA, St John DJ, Jass JR, Giles GG, Hopper JL, Southey MC (2006) Cancer risks for mismatch repair gene mutation carriers: a population-based early onset case-family study Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 4(4):489-498 Johansson M, McKay JD, Wiklund F, Rinaldi S, Verheus M, Van Gils CH, Hallmans G, Balter K, Adami HO, Gronberg H, Stattin P, Kaaks R (2007) Implications for prostate cancer of insulin-like growth factor-I (igf-I) genetic variation and circulating igf-I levels J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92(12):4820-4826 Johansson M, McKay JD, Stattin P, Canzian F, Boillot C, Wiklund F, Adami HO, Balter K, Gronberg H, Kaaks R (2007) Comprehensive evaluation of genetic variation in the IGF1 gene and risk of prostate cancer Int J Cancer 120(3):539-542 Johnson N, Fletcher O, Palles C, Rudd M, Webb E, Sellick G, Dos SS, I, McCormack V, Gibson L, Fraser A, Leonard A, Gilham C, Tavtigian SV, Ashworth A, Houlston R, Peto J (2007) Counting potentially functional variants in BRCA1, BRCA2 and ATM predicts breast cancer susceptibility Hum Mol Genet 16(9):1051-1057 Jordheim LP, Dumontet C (2007) Review of recent studies on resistance to cytotoxic deoxynucleoside analogues Biochim Biophys Acta 1776(12):138-159 Kaaks R, Ferrari P (2006) Dietary intake assessments in epidemiology: can we know what we are measuring? Ann Epidemiol 16(5):377-380 Kaatsch P, Steliarova-Foucher E, Crocetti E, Magnani C, Spix C, Zambon P (2006) Time trends of cancer incidence in European children (1978-1997): Report from the Automated Childhood Cancer Information System project Eur J Cancer 42(13):1961-1971 Kanai M, Tong WM, Wang ZQ, Miwa M (2007) Haploinsufficiency of poly(ADPribose) polymerase-1-mediated poly(ADPribosyl)ation for centrosome duplication Biochem Biophys Res Commun 359(3):426-430 Karani A, De Vuyst H, Luchters S, Othigo J, Mandaliya K, Chersich MF, Temmerman M (2007) The Pap smear for detection of bacterial vaginosis Int J Gynaecol Obstet 98(1):20-23 Karchin R, Monteiro AN, Tavtigian SV, Carvalho MA, Sali A (2007) Functional Impact of Missense Variants in BRCA1 Predicted by Supervised Learning PLoS Comput Biol 3(2):e26 Kato I, Van Doorn LJ, Canzian F, Plummer M, Franceschi S, Vivas J, Lopez G, Lu Y, GioiaPatricola L, Severson RK, Schwartz AG, Munoz N (2006) Host-bacterial interaction in the development of gastric precancerous lesions in a high risk population for gastric cancer in Venezuela Int J Cancer 119(7):1666-1671 Kato I, Canzian F, Franceschi S, Plummer M, Van Doorn LJ, Lu Y, Gioia-Patricola L, Vivas J, Lopez G, Severson RK, Schwartz AG, Munoz N (2006) Genetic polymorphisms in antiinflammatory cytokine signaling and the prevalence of gastric precancerous lesions in Venezuela Cancer Causes Control 17(9):11831191 Kato I, Canzian F, Plummer M, Franceschi S, Van Doorn LJ, Vivas J, Lopez G, Lu Y, GioiaPatricola L, Severson RK, Schwartz AG, Munoz N (2007) Polymorphisms in genes related to bacterial lipopoly-saccharide/ peptidoglycan signaling and gastric precancerous lesions in a population at high risk for gastric cancer Dig Dis Sci 52(1):254-261 Kellen E, Hemelt M, Broberg K, Golka K, Kristensen VN, Hung RJ, Matullo G, Mittal RD, Porru S, Povey A, Schulz WA, Shen J, Buntinx F, Zeegers MP, Taioli E (2007) Pooled analysis and meta-analysis of the glutathione S-transferase P1 Ile 105Val polymorphism and bladder cancer: a HuGEGSEC review Am J Epidemiol 165(11): 1221-1230 Kesminiene A, Cardis E (2007) [Cancer epidemiology after the Chernobyl accident] In French Bull Cancer 94(5):423-430 Ketabi-Kiyanvash N, Herold-Mende C, Kashfi F, Caldeira S, Tommasino M, Haefeli WE, Weiss J (2007) NKIM-6, a new immortalized human brain capillary endothelial cell line with conserved endothelial characteristics Cell Tissue Res 328(1):19-29 127 Staff Publications Key TJ, Appleby PN, Allen NE, Travis RC, Roddam AW, Jenab M, Egevad L, Tjonneland A, Johnsen NF, Overvad K, Linseisen J, Rohrmann S, Boeing H, Pischon T, Psaltopoulou T, Trichopoulou A, Trichopoulos D, Palli D, Vineis P, Tumino R, Berrino F, Kiemeney L, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Quiros JR, Gonzalez CA, Martinez C, Larranaga N, Chirlaque MD, Ardanaz E, Stattin P, Hallmans G, Khaw KT, Bingham S, Slimani N, Ferrari P, Rinaldi S, Riboli E (2007) Plasma carotenoids, retinol, and tocopherols and the risk of prostate cancer in the 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of unknown primary) BMC Cancer 7(1):225 Li LK, Dai M, Clifford GM, Yao WQ, Arslan A, Li N, Shi JF, Snijders PJ, Meijer CJ, Qiao YL, Franceschi S (2006) Human papillomavirus infection in Shenyang City, People’s Republic of China: a population-based study Br J Cancer 95(11):1593-1597 Lichtig H, Algrisi M, Botzer LE, Abadi T, Verbitzky Y, Jackman A, Tommasino M, Zehbe I, Sherman L (2006) HPV16 E6 natural variants exhibit different activities in functional assays relevant to the carcinogenic potential of E6 Virology 350(1):216-227 Lim MK, Ju YH, Franceschi S, Oh JK, Kong HJ, Hwang SS, Park SK, Cho SI, Sohn WM, Kim DI, Yoo KY, Hong ST, Shin HR (2006) Clonorchis sinensis infection and increasing risk of cholangiocarcinoma in the Republic of Korea Am J Trop Med Hyg 75(1):93-96 Linseisen J, Rohrmann S, Norat T, Gonzalez CA, Dorronsoro IM, Morote GP, Chirlaque MD, Pozo BG, Ardanaz E, Mattisson I, Pettersson U, Palmqvist R, Van GB, Bingham SA, McTaggart A, Spencer EA, Overvad K, Staff Publications Tjonneland A, Stripp C, Clavel-Chapelon F, Kesse E, Boeing H, Klipstein-Grobusch K, Trichopoulou A, Vasilopoulou E, Bellos G, Pala V, Masala G, Tumino R, Sacerdote C, Del PM, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Ocke MC, Peeters PH, Engeset D, Skeie G, Slimani N, Riboli E (2006) Dietary intake of different types and characteristics of processed meat which might be associated with cancer risk—results from the 24-hour diet recalls in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Public Health Nutr 9(4):449464 Linseisen J, Rohrmann S, Miller AB, Buenode-Mesquita HB, Buchner FL, Vineis P, Agudo A, Gram IT, Janson L, Krogh V, Overvad K, Rasmuson T, Schulz M, Pischon T, Kaaks R, Nieters A, Allen NE, Key TJ, Bingham S, Khaw KT, Amiano P, Barricarte A, Martinez C, Navarro C, Quiros R, Clavel-Chapelon F, Boutron-Ruault MC, Touvier M, Peeters PH, Berglund G, Hallmans G, Lund E, Palli D, Panico S, Tumino R, Tjonneland A, Olsen A, Trichopoulou A, Trichopoulos D, Autier P, Boffetta P, Slimani N, Riboli E (2007) Fruit and vegetable consumption and lung cancer risk: Updated information from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Int J Cancer 121(5):11031114 Loizou JI, Murr R, Finkbeiner MG, Sawan C, Wang ZQ, Herceg Z (2006) Epigenetic information in chromatin: the code of entry for DNA repair Cell Cycle 5(7):696-701 Louis DN, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, Cavenee WK, Burger PC, Jouvet A, Scheithauer BW, Kleihues P (2007) The 2007 WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 114(2):97-109 Lovelock PK, Healey S, Au W, Sum E, Tesoriero A, Wong EM, Hinson S, Brinkworth R, Bekessy A, Diez O, Izatt L, Solomon E, Jenkins M, Renard H, Hopper J, Waring P, Tavtigian S, Goldgar D, Lindeman GJ, Visvader JE, Couch F, Henderson BR, Southey M, Chenevix-Trench G, Spurdle A, Brown MA (2006) Genetic, functional and histopathological evaluation of two C-terminal BRCA1 missense variants J Med Genet 43(1):74-83 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