[...]... Special Concerns of Sex Hormone Pharmacology in Rehabilitation Patients 454 xxiii Use of Insulin in Diabetes Mellitus, 483 Chapter 31 Thyroid and Parathyroid Drugs: Agents Affecting Bone Mineralization, 459 Therapeutic Effects and Rationale for Use, 483 Insulin Preparations, 483 Administration of Insulin, 485 Intensive Insulin Therapy, 485 Adverse Effects of Insulin Therapy, 486 Function of the Thyroid Gland,... 257 Acetylcholine and Norepinephrine, 257 Other Autonomic Neurotransmitters, 257 Autonomic Receptors, 258 Cholinergic Receptors, 258 Adrenergic Receptors, 259 Pharmacologic Significance of Autonomic Receptors, 261 Chapter 19 Cholinergic Drugs, 263 Cholinergic Receptors, 263 Cholinergic Stimulants, 264 Direct-Acting Cholinergic Stimulants, 264 Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Stimulants, 264 Clinical Applications... certainly a challenge to condense this information into a meaningful format for busy students and clinicians Nonetheless, I believe this edition is successful in presenting the most recent and pertinent details of pharmacotherapeutics and that it underscores the relevance of this topic to physical therapy and occupational therapy As in previous editions, basic pharmacology concepts are addressed in the... Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors, 506 Drugs That Inhibit Bacterial Protein Synthesis 507 Aminoglycosides, 507 Erythromycin and Other Macrolides, 508 Tetracyclines, 508 Other Agents That Inhibit Bacterial Protein Synthesis, 509 Drugs That Inhibit Bacterial DNA/RNA Synthesis and Function, 510 Aminosalicylic Acid, 510 Clofazimine, 510 Dapsone, 511 Ethambutol, 511 Fluoroquinolones, 511 Metronidazole, 511 Mupirocin, 512... Basic Principles of Pharmacology Pharmacology is the study of drugs In its broadest definition, a drug can be described as “any substance that, when taken into a living organism, may modify one or more of its functions.”28 In this sense, a drug includes any substance that alters physiologic function in the organism, regardless of whether the effect is beneficial or harmful In terms of clinical pharmacology, ... APPROVAL Testing Phase Purpose Subjects Usual Time Period Preclinical testing Initial laboratory tests to determine drug effects and safety Laboratory animals 1–2 yrs Investigational New Drug (IND) Application Human (clinical) testing: Phase I Determine effects, safe dosage, pharmacokinetics Small number (Ͻ 100) of healthy volunteers Ͻ1 yr Phase II Assess drug’s effectiveness in treating a specific... properties of the compound is obtained Information on dosage and toxicity is also obtained from these animal trials Human (Clinical) Studies If the results from animal trials are favorable, the drug sponsor files an investigational new drug (IND) application with the FDA If approved as an IND, the sponsor may begin testing the drug in humans Human, or “clinical’ testing, is divided into three primary phases... Trifluridine, 530 Oseltamivir and Zanamivir, 530 Protease Inhibitors, 530 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, 531 Ribavirin, 532 Vidarabine, 533 Viral Resistance, 533 Interferons, 533 Synthesis and Cellular Effects of Interferons, 534 Pharmacologic Applications of Interferons, 535 Adverse Effects of Interferons, 535 Control of Viral Infection with Vaccines, 535 HIV and the Treatment of AIDS, 536 Inhibition... Cancer Chemotherapy in Rehabilitation Patients, 586 Case Study Cancer Chemotherapy, 586 xxv Bee Venom, 607 Echinacea, 607 Garlic, 607 Ginger, 609 Ginkgo biloba, 609 Ginseng, 609 Glucosamine and Chondroitin, 609 Kava, 609 Melatonin, 610 Saw Palmetto, 610 St John’s Wort, 610 00Ciccone(p)-FM xxvi 2/2/07 6:59 PM Page xxvi Contents Valerian, 610 Vitamins and Minerals, 611 Appendix A: Drugs Administered by Iontophoresis... For those clinicians who have in their possession early editions of this book, I invite you to compare your copy to the 4th edition as validation for the assertions made in this Foreword We have not compromised the comprehensive nature of this volume in favor of a “simpler” approach to understanding pharmacology We believe that the topic, by its very nature and from the implications inherent in its knowledge . pirbuterol Theophylline, aminophylline Nifedipine, nicardipine Celecoxib Cortisone, dexamethasone, prednis- one, prednisolone, triamcinolone Cimetidine, ranitidine Ritonavir, saquinavir Pravastatin, simvastatin Lidocaine,. simvastatin Lidocaine, bupivicaine Dalteparin, enoxaparin Chlorpropamide, tolbutamide Penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin Omeprazole, lansoprazole Tetracycline, doxycycline Streptomycin, gentamicin, erythromycin Antihypertensive. Perspectives in Rehabilitation Steven L. Wolf, PT, PhD, FAPTA, Editor -in- Chief Pharmacology in Rehabilitation, 4th Edition Charles D. Ciccone, PT, PhD Vestibular Rehabilitation, 3rd Edition Susan