ACROSS UNKNOWN SOUTH AMERICA BY A. HENRY SAVAGE-LANDOR WITH 2 MAPS, 8 COLOURED PLATES, AND 260 ILLUSTRATIONS FROM PHOTOGRAPHS BY THE AUTHOR IN TWO VOLUMES HODDER AND STOUGHTON LONDON NEW YORK TORONTO THE AUTHOR. Printed in 1913 Copyright in the United States of America by A. Henry Savage-Landor THIS WORK IS DEDICATED TO THE PEOPLE OF THE GREAT BRAZILIAN REPUBLIC CONTENTS VOL. I C HAPTER PARAGRAPH DESCRIPTION PP. PREFACE v- xiii CONTENTS xv- xviii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS xix- xxiv The Heart of Brazil—Brazil, its Size and its Immense Wealth—Rio de Janeiro—Brazilian M en of Genius—São Paulo—The Bandeirantes—The Paulista Railway 1-25 II Coffee—The Dumont Railway 26- 37 III On the Mogyana Railway 38- 51 IV The Terminus of the Railway—An Unpleasant Incident—The Purchase of Animals— On the March with the Caravan 52- 68 V Travelling across Country—A Musical Genius—Valuable Woods—Thermal Springs 69- 85 VI Inquisitiveness—Snakes—A Wonderful Cure—Butterflies—A Striking Scene 86- 101 VII In the City of Goyaz 102- 117 VIII Fourteen Long and Weary Days—Disappointment—Criminals as Followers 118- 131 IX The Departure—Devoured by Insects 132- 148 X Fishing—Termites—The Great Araguaya River 149- 159 XI The Tucano—Fish of the Araguaya River—A Bad Shot—A Strange Sight 160- 178 XII Geological Speculation—Beautiful Pasture-land 179- 195 XIII The River Barreiros—A Country of Tablelands 196- 206 XIV The Bororo Indians 207- 223 XV Bororo Superstitions—The Bororo Language—Bororo Music 224- 241 XVI Bororo Legends—The Religion of the Bororos—Funeral Rites 242- 263 XVII The River Das Garças—Majestic Scenery 264- 279 XVIII The Salesian Fathers—A Volcanic Zone 280- 291 XIX The Paredão Grande—A Cañon—A Weird Phenomenon—Troublesome Insects 292- 310 XX Wild Animals—An Immense Chasm—Interesting Cloud Effects 311- 327 XXI A Beautiful Lagoon—Strange Lunar Display—Waves of Lava—Curious Grottoes— Rock Carvings—A Beautiful Waterfall 328- 343 XXII In Search of the Highest Point of the Brazilian Plateau—Mutiny—Great Domes— Travelling by Compass—A Gigantic Fissure in the Earth's Crust 344- 358 XXIII The Jangada River—Demented Descendants of Slaves—Appalling Degeneration— Giant Monoliths—The River Roncador—Gigantic Natural Gateways—The Discovery of Fossils 359- 376 XXIV A Swampy Valley—Impressive Scenery—"Church Rock"—Escaping before a Forest Fire— The Rio Manso—Difficulties of marching across Virgin Country—Beautiful Rapids 377- 398 XXV The Blue Mountains—The Cuyabá River—Inaccurate Maps—A Rebellion in Camp— Infamy of Author's Followers—The Lagõa dos Veados and the Seven Lakes— Falling Back on Diamantino—Another Mutiny—Slavery—Descending from the Tableland 399- 432 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS VOL. I Page T HE AUTHOR Photogravure Frontispiece R IO DE JANEIRO, SHOWING THE BEAUTIFUL AVENIDA CENTRAL 4 R IO DE JANEIRO AS IT WAS IN 1903 8 D R. PEDRO DE TOLEDO, MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE, BRAZIL 12 S ENADOR ALCINDO GUANABARA, A GREAT LITERARY GENIUS AND PATRIOT OF BRAZIL 16 T HE MUNICIPAL THEATRE, RIO DE JANEIRO 20 B ARON DE RIO BRANCO 24 D R. PASSOS 28 A BEAUTIFUL WATERFALL AT THERESOPOLIS 32 A NTONIO PRADO'S COFFEE ESTATE 32 T HE STATION AND SHED OF THE GOYAZ RAILWAY, ARAGUARY. MR. LUIZ S CHNOOR AND HIS TWO ENGINEERS 48 T YPICAL TREES OF THE BRAZILIAN FOREST, GOYAZ. THE STEM DEVOID OF B RANCHES AND F OLIAGE UP TO A GREAT HEIGHT 48 A UTHOR DEPARTING FROM MORRO DA MEZA, SHOWING STYLE OF C OSTUME WORN DURING THE EXPEDITION 56 A LCIDES AND FILIPPE THE NEGRO 56 G OYAZ RAILWAY IN CONSTRUCTION: THE CUT LEADING TO THE PARANAHYBA RIVER 64 A UTHOR'S CARAVAN CROSSING A STREAM 64 C HARACTERISTIC TYPES OF BRAZILIANS OF THE INTERIOR. (NOTICE THE D EGENERATE F ACES AND DEVELOPMENT OF GOITRE) 68 A TYPICAL VILLAGE OF THE PROVINCE OF GOYAZ 68 P ICTURESQUE OX-CARTS OF GOYAZ 76 A HOME IN CENTRAL BRAZIL 80 A CLEVER AUTOMATIC POUNDING MACHINE 80 B RAZILIAN PACK-SADDLES 88 A TYPICAL VILLAGE. (THE HIGHER BUILDING IS THE CHURCH) 88 A UTHOR'S CARAVAN ABOUT TO CROSS THE RIVER CORUMBA 96 B URITY PALMS 96 T HE PRESIDENT OF GOYAZ AND HIS FAMILY. (GIANT CACTUS IN THE BACKGROUND) 100 T HE MAIN SQUARE OF GOYAZ CITY, SHOWING PRISON AND PUBLIC LIBRARY 108 S OME OF THE BAGGAGE AND SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS USED BY A UTHOR ON HIS E XPEDITION 108 A UTHOR'S SIX FOLLOWERS 112 V IEW OF GOYAZ CITY FROM STA. BARBARA 120 A UTHOR'S MEN PACKING ANIMALS 120 S OME OF AUTHOR'S PACK ANIMALS 128 A UTHOR'S CARAVAN ACROSS THE IMMENSE PRAIRIES OF MATTO GROSSO 144 T HE ARAGUAYA RIVER (LOOKING NORTH) 152 T HE ARAGUAYA (LOOKING SOUTH) 152 C ARAJA INDIAN OF THE UPPER ARAGUAYA RIVER 160 T YPICAL FLAT-TOPPED PLATEAU OF CENTRAL BRAZIL 168 O NE NIGHT'S FISHING ON THE ARAGUAYA 168 T HE PAREDÃOZINHO 176 T YPICAL SCENERY OF MATTO GROSSO 176 V OLCANIC SCENERY OF MATTO GROSSO (CHAPADA IN FOREGROUND) 184 P ECULIAR FORMATION OF CENTRAL PLATEAU 184 C URIOUS DOMES OF LAVA WITH UPPER STRATUM OF EARTH, SAND AND ASHES 192 G REAT UNDULATING CAMPOS OF MATTO GROSSO 192 T YPICAL BRAZILIAN PLATEAU, SHOWING WORK OF EROSION 200 O N THE PLATEAU OF MATTO GROSSO (ALCIDES IN FOREGROUND) 200 A FINE BORORO TYPE ON A VISIT TO AUTHOR'S CAMP 208 B ORORO MEN, SHOWING LIP ORNAMENT 216 B ORORO MEN 216 B ORORO INDIANS 224 B ORORO MEN (THE APRONS ARE NOT ACTUALLY WORN) 228 B ORORO WARRIORS 232 B ORORO WARRIORS 232 T HE HORRORS OF PHOTOGRAPHY: BORORO CHILDREN 236 B ORORO CHIEF RATTLING GOURDS FILLED WITH PEBBLES, IN ORDER TO CALL M EMBERS OF HIS TRIBE (Coloured Plate) 238 B ORORO CHILD SHOWING STRONG MALAY CHARACTERISTICS 240 B ORORO GIRLS 244 B ORORO GIRLS (SIDE VIEW) 244 B ORORO WOMEN, SHOWING METHOD OF CARRYING CHILDREN 248 B OROROS SHOWING FORMATION OF HANDS 248 B ORORO WOMEN 252 B ORORO WOMEN 252 B OROROS THRASHING INDIAN CORN 256 A BORORO BLIND WOMAN 256 B ORORO CHILDREN 260 B ORORO WOMEN 260 SOLATED CONICAL HILLS WITH TOWER-LIKE ROCKY FORMATIONS ON SUMMIT 268 T HE ENDLESS CAMPOS OF MATTO GROSSO 268 G EOMETRICAL PATTERN ON THE SURFACE OF A FLOW OF LAVA (CAUSED BY S UDDEN C ONTRACTION IN COOLING) 272 T HE OBSERVATORY AT THE SALESIAN COLONY. (PADRE C OLBACCHINI IN THE F OREGROUND) 280 B ORORO WOMEN AND CHILDREN 280 S TRANGE FORMATION OF VOLCANIC ROCK 288 V OLCANIC CAVITIES (MATTO GROSSO) 288 A VERTICAL MASS OF SOLID ROCK OF A BRILLIANT RED COLOUR 292 T HE PAREDÃO GRANDE (MATTO GROSSO) (Coloured Plate) 294 T HE PAREDÃO GRANDE, SHOWING VERTICAL ROCKS WITH GREAT ARCHES 300 M USHROOM-SHAPED ROCKS OF VOLCANIC FORMATION 308 A GREAT EARTHQUAKE FISSURE IN THE TERRESTRIAL CRUST (MATTO GROSSO) 308 S TRANGE GEOMETRICAL PATTERN OF LAVA OVER GIANT VOLCANIC DOME 316 A UTHOR'S TROOP OF ANIMALS WADING ACROSS A SHALLOW STREAM 324 C ENTRAL CLUSTER OF TREES AND PALMS IN A CUVETTE (MATTO GROSSO) 332 A GIANT WAVE OF LAVA 332 S TRANGE ROCK-CARVINGS OF MATTO GROSSO 336 W EIRD LUNAR EFFECT WITNESSED BY AUTHOR (Coloured Plate) 340 A GIANT QUADRANGULAR BLOCK OF ROCK 344 R OCK-CARVINGS IN MATTO GROSSO 344 A PICTURESQUE WATERFALL ON THE S. LOURENÇO RIVER 352 A CAÑON OF MATTO GROSSO 356 H OW AUTHOR'S ANIMALS ROLLED DOWN TRAILLESS RAVINES 360 H IDEOUS TYPES CHARACTERISTIC OF CENTRAL BRAZIL. TWO WOMEN (LEFT) AND TWO M EN (R IGHT) 364 A UTHOR'S CARAVAN MARCHING ACROSS TRAILLESS COUNTRY 368 T HE RONCADOR RIVER 368 F OSSIL SKULL OF A GIANT ANIMAL DISCOVERED BY AUTHOR (SIDE VIEW) 376 F OSSIL SKULL OF GIANT ANIMAL (SEEN FROM UNDERNEATH) 376 A GRAND ROCK ("CHURCH ROCK") 384 C HURCH ROCK (SIDE VIEW) 384 Q UADRANGULAR ROCKY MOUNTAIN CONNECTED BY NATURAL WALL OF ROCK WI TH THE V ERTICAL-SIDED RANGE IN BACKGROUND 388 Q UADRANGULAR ROCKY MOUNTAIN SHOWING ROCKY WALL CONNECTING IT WI TH THE N EIGHBOURING RANGE 392 A UTHOR'S CARAVAN IN THE HEART OF MATTO GROSSO 392 A GIANT DOME OF LAVA 396 C AMPOS AND CHAPADA OF MATTO GROSSO 396 M ARVELLOUS SCENERY OF THE CENTRAL BRAZILIAN PLATEAU. "CHURCH ROCK" STANDING IN THE CENTRE (Coloured Plate) 400 A STREET OF DIAMANTINO 404 T HE DOGS OF THE EXPEDITION 404 M ATTO-GROSSO GIRL, A MIXTURE OF PORTUGUESE, INDIAN AND NEGRO BLOOD 412 B RAZILIAN CHILD, A MIXTURE OF PORTUGUESE AND NEGRO 412 M AP SHOWING AUTHOR'S ROUTE 432 M AP SHOWING THE ARINOS AND ARINOS-JURUENA RIVERS 432 THE MOUTH OF THE PUTAMAYO RIVER. CONTENTS VOL. II C HAPTER PARAGRAPH DESCRIPTION PP. [...]... indicated by dotted lines under the changes Scroll the mouse over the word and the original text will appear End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Across Unknown South America, by Arnold Henry Savage Landor *** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ACROSS UNKNOWN SOUTH AMERICA *** ***** This file should be named 22483-h.htm or 22483-h.zip ***** This and all associated files of various formats will be found... THE ROAD CUT BY AUTHOR ACROSS THE FOREST IN ORDER TO TAKE THE HEAVY CANOE OVERLAND CONVEYING THE CANOE ACROSS THE FOREST ON IMPROVISED RAILWAY AND ROLLERS PUSHING THE CANOE UPHILL THROUGH THE FOREST (NOTICE MEN WITH HEADS WRAPPED OWING TO TORTURING INSECTS) 204 208 212 CONVEYING THE CANOE, WEIGHING 2,000 LB., OVER A HILL RANGE—THE DESCENT 216 AUTHOR'S CANOE BEING MADE TO TRAVEL ACROSS THE FOREST 220... Storm—Author's 266Canoe dashed to pieces—The Mount St Benedicto 277 Starting across the Virgin Forest—Cutting the Way incessantly—A Rugged, Rocky Plateau— 278Author's Men throw away the Supplies of Food—Attacked by Fever—Marching by Compass— 298 XIX XX XXI XXII XXIII XXIV XXV XXVI XXVII Poisoned—Author's Men break down—Author proceeds across Forest endeavouring to reach the Madeira River—A Dramatic Scene... Canoe—Canoe founders—A Raft constructed of Glass 338 The Launching of the Glass Raft—Accidents—The Raft sinking—Saved—Our First Solid Meal—Its Consequences—The Canuma and Secundury Rivers—Marching back across the 339Forest to the Relief of the Men left behind—A Strange Mishap—A Curious Case of Telepathy 364 Baggage Saved—The Journey down the Tapajoz River—Colonel Brazil—Wrecked—From 365Itaituba to the... Baggage left with him—Filippe paid off—A Journey up the 405River Solimões—Iquitos 418 From Iquitos to the Foot of the Andes up the Rivers Ucayalli, Pachitea and Pichis—The 419Cashibos or "Vampire Indians" Across the Andes—The End of the Trans-continental Journey 438 439457 The Peruvian Corporation Railway—The Land of the Incas—Lake Titicaca—Bolivia—Chile— 458The Argentine—A Last Narrow Escape—Back in England... FORMIDABLE VORTEX 64 GOING DOWN A VIOLENT RAPID IN A NARROW CHANNEL 64 THE RESULT OF HALF AN HOUR'S FISHING ON THE ARINOS-JURUENA 84 LEADING THE CANOE DOWN A RAPID BY ROPE 92 CHARACTERISTIC ROCKY BARRIER ACROSS THE ARINOS RIVER (AUTHOR'S SEXTANT IN FOREGROUND) WHIRLPOOL AT END OF RAPID N SHALLOW WATER 92 100 100 FISHING ON THE ARINOS: A JAHU 104 FISH OF THE ARINOS RIVER 104 A FINE CATARACT ON THE ARINOS-JURUENA... Dangerous Crossing—A Terrible Channel—More Bad Rapids—On the Verge of a Fatal Drop down a Waterfall—Saved in Time—A Magnificent Sight—The August Falls—A Mutiny—The Canoe, weighing 2,000 lb., 182taken across the Forest over a Hill-range 206 A Double Whirlpool—Incessant Rapids of Great Magnitude—A Dangerous Channel—Nothing 207to Eat—Another Disaster 219 In the Hands of Providence—A Mutiny—Another Mutiny—Foodless—Hard... HER SON 392 CAMPAS INDIAN WOMAN 396 CAMPAS WOMAN 400 CAMPAS MAN, WOMAN AND CHILD 400 THE UCAYALLI RIVER 402 THE LAUNCH ON WHICH AUTHOR TRAVELLED ALMOST TO THE FOOT OF THE ANDES 402 CAMPAS FAMILY WADING ACROSS A STREAM 404 A FARMHOUSE ON THE ANDES 404 ON THE ANDES: AN ELEVATED TRAIL OVERLOOKING A FOAMING TORRENT (SEE ARCH CUT IN ROCK) 406 LA MERCEDES 410 THE AVENUE OF EUCALYPTI NEAR THE TOWN OF TARMA... THE OROYA RAILWAY (A GREAT SPRING EMERGING FROM THE MOUNTAIN-SIDE) 424 BEAUTIFUL SCENERY ON THE PERUVIAN CORPORATION RAILWAY TO CUZCO, PERU 424 A B LEGUIA, THE PRESIDENT OF THE PERUVIAN REPUBLIC 426 THE AMERICAN OBSERVATORY, AREQUIPA, AND MOUNT MISTI, PERU 428 ON THE PERUVIAN CORPORATION RAILWAY ON THE WAY TO CUZCO 428 A BEAUTIFUL EXAMPLE OF ANCIENT SPANISH WOOD-CARVING, PERU 432 WONDERFUL EXAMPLE OF... Islands—The Trinchão Fish—A Fisherman's Paradise—Alastor Island—Plentiful Rubber—The Civilized Man's Idea of the Tropical Forest—The War-Cries of the Indians— 62Swarms of Bees and Butterflies The Tapirus Americanus—Striking 75 Scenery—TheMate Tree—Photography in Camp— Brazilian Way of Reasoning—A New Christopher Columbus—The Selection of our Camps— 76Beautiful Fruit—A Large Tributary 91 Ideal Islands—Immense . ACROSS UNKNOWN SOUTH AMERICA BY A. HENRY SAVAGE-LANDOR WITH 2 MAPS, 8 COLOURED PLATES, AND 260 ILLUSTRATIONS. PACK ANIMALS 128 A UTHOR'S CARAVAN ACROSS THE IMMENSE PRAIRIES OF MATTO GROSSO 144 T HE ARAGUAYA RIVER (LOOKING NORTH) 152 T HE ARAGUAYA (LOOKING SOUTH) 152 C ARAJA INDIAN OF THE UPPER. FALLS 200 P HOTOGRAPH SHOWING THE ROAD CUT BY AUTHOR ACROSS THE FOREST IN ORDER TO TAKE THE H EAVY CANOE OVERLAND 204 C ONVEYING THE CANOE ACROSS THE FOREST ON IMPROVISED RAILWAY AND ROLLERS