CÁC CẤU TRÚC SO SÁNH ☺Không phải mọi tính từ (TT) và trạng từ (TrT) đều có thể dùng để so sánh. Trong tiếng anh, các TT và TrT sau không biến đổi sang dạng so sánh: + TT chỉ màu sắc, hình dạng + TrT chỉ mức độ, tần suất trừ OFTEN ☺Chia TT làm 2 dạng: + TT ngắn: _______1 âm tiết 2 âm tiết, kết thúc = “y” + TT dài: 2 âm tiết trở lên ☺Chia TrT làm 2 dạng: + TrT ngắn: không có đuôi “ly” + TrT dài: có đuôi “ly” I. So sánh ngang bằng: S + V + as/ so + TT/ TrT + as Eg: He is as tall as me. She learned as hard as I do. II.So sánh hơn: 1. TT ngắn: S + ĐTTG/ To be + TT ngắn + “er” + (than …….) – TT kết thúc = “e” ~> + “r” nice ~> wide ~> safe ~> – TT 1 âm tiết, kết thúc = 1 phụ âm, trước đó là 1 nguyên âm ~> nhân đôi phụ âm, + “er” hot ~> big ~> fat ~> – TT 2 âm tiết, kết thúc = “y” ~> “ier” happy ~> noisy ~> easy ~> – 1 số TT đặc biệt + Good ~> Better + Bad ~> Worse + Far ~> Farther/ Further + Little ~> Less + Many/ Much ~> More + ill ~> Worse – Còn lại ~> + “er” 1 2. TT dài: S + ĐTTG/ To be + more + TT dài + (than …….) 3. TrT không có “ ly”: S + V + TrT không đuôi “ly” + “er” + (than… ) 4. TrT có “ly”: S + V + more + TrT có đuôi “ly” + (than….) III. So sánh tuyệt đối (so sánh nhất) 1. TT ngắn: the + TT ngắn + “est” – TT kết thúc = “e” ~> + “st” nice ~> wide ~> – TT 1 âm tiết, kết thúc = 1 phụ âm, trước đó là 1 nguyên âm ~> nhân đôi phụ âm, + “est” hot ~> big ~> – TT 2 âm tiết, kết thúc = “y” ~> “iest” happy ~> easy ~> – 1 số TT đặc biệt + Good ~> The best + Bad ~> The worst + Many/ Much ~> The most + Little ~> The least + Far ~> The farthest/ furthest – Còn lại ~> + “est” 2. TT dài: the most + TT dài 3. TrT không có đuôi “ly”: TrT không đuôi “ly” + “est” 4. TrT có đuôi “ly”: the most + TrT có đuôi “ly” 5. TrT đặc biệt : – Badly ~> The worst – Much ~> The most – Well ~> The best IV. Các cấu trúc so sánh mở rộng 1. Để thể hiện mức độ, tình trạng tăng dần TT/ TrT so sánh hơn + AND + TT/ TrT so sánh hơn ~> Càng ngày càng, mỗi lúc một – We are walking more and more slowly. – He gets taller and taller. 2. Dùng trong cấu trúc so sánh kép The TT/ TrT so sánh hơn + S + V, The TT/ TrT so sánh hơn + S + V. ~> Càng… càng…, cứ … cứ… – The hotter it is, the more water we have to drink. 2 – The more money he earns, the more comfortably his family live. 3. Thể hiện mức độ so sánh ít hoặc nhiều Nhiều Much A lot +TT/ TrT so sánh hơn Far A great deal Ít A bit A little +TT/ TrT so sánh hơn Rather Slightly – She is much more beautiful than I am. – He is 60. His wife is 26. ~> ~> – This book is 65 USD. That one is 64 USD. ~> ~> 4. Dùng trong câu hỏi để tìm hiểu các mức độ so sánh any + TT/ TrT so sánh hơn (+ than….) ? – Do you feel any better than yesterday? – Is your room any wider than mine? 5. Thể hiện : Không…. nữa (chỉ mức độ) Not….any + TT/ TrY so sánh hơn = No + TT/TrT so sánh hơn – I don’t like him any more. I no more like him. – I can’t drive any more slowly. I can drive no more slowly. – Their house is no bigger than ours. 6. So sánh cấp số Số lần + as + TT/ TrT + as ~> Hơn gấp bao nhiêu lần – That book is twice as expensive as that one. – He drives car many times as fast as I do. 7. So sánh ở mức độ tối đa as + TT/ TrT + as + S + can/ could/ possible ~> Hết sức có thể – His team played as well as they could. 3 – I’m trying to do homework as fast as I can. 8. Thứ tự so sánh tuyệt đối the + STT + TT/ TrT so sánh tuyệt đối ~> Đứng thứ mấy – Canada is the second largest country in the world. EXERCISES I. Complete the table Adj So sánh hơn (Comparative) So sánh nhất (Superlative) Beautiful More beautiful The most beautiful Easy Thin Thick Friendly Important Large Pretty Good Bad II. Complete the sentences 1. I’m older than (old) my sister is. 2. It was the happiest (happy) day of my life. 3. Athens is (large) city in Greece. 4. Tim isn’t very good student His mark are (bad) mine. 5. This film is (funny) the one we saw yesterday. 6. I think mountain-climbing is (exciting) sport in the world. 7. Wow! This is (big) house I’ve ever seen. 8. During the war he fought (bravely) than anybody did. 9. Although he was young, he behaved (calmly) of all. 10.She played (badly) than anyone else in the exam. 11.Our house is not (big) as yours. 12.Mary sings (beautifully) as Linda does. 13.When I don’t understand something. I will ask the teacher to speak ……………………(slowly). 14.The blue T-shirt is (nice) as the red one. 4 15.Mike isn’t (tall) as Alex. III. Rewrite the sentences 1. Jenny is 1.50 m, Sarah is 1.55 m. ~> (as) ~> (than) 2. John drives at 60 km per hour, Frank drives at 45 km per hour. ~> (as) ~> (than) 3. Journey time: Train 30 minutes, Bus 70 minutes. ~> (as) ~> (than) 4. A Jumbo doesn’t fly as fast as the Concorde. ~> (than) 5. Milk chocolate is sweeter than dark chocolate. ~> (as) 6. The Effel Tower isn’t as old as the Parthenon. ~> (than) 7. Our dog barks more loudly than oue neighbour’s dog. ~> (as) 8. Pam and Cassy are both polite. ~> (as) 9. I didn’t feel well last night but today I feel very well. ~> (than) 10.She is very sensible but he is not. ~> (than) ~> (as) IV. Choose the best answer 1. Claire is the tallest person (in/ than) her family. 2. Sam answered the question (more careful/ more carefully/ the most carefully/ the most careful) than his sister did. 3. Nick works faster (than/ from/ to) than Paul does. 4. Today is (more cold/ the coldest/ colder) than yesterday. 5. This is the funniest joke (of/ than) all. 6. He’s the (most tanlented/ more talented) actor in the play. 7. I go to bed (more late/ later) than you do. 8. It’s the (most expensively/ most expensive/ more expensive) dress in the shop. 9. They were driving when they suddenly felt (ill/ worse/ badly/ best). 10. She anwered the examiner ‘s question (complete/ entirely/ most completely/ entire) confidently. 5 V.Complete the sentences, using words in brackets, use “than” where necessary 1. Her illness was (much/ serious) we thought at first. 2. This bag is too big. I need something (much/ small). 3. I thought she was younger than me, but in fact she is ………………… (slightly/ old). 4. I enjoyed our visit to the museum. It was (far/ interesting). 5. It’s (a lot/ easy) to learn a foreign language in a country where it is spoken. VI. Complete the sentences, using “comparative + and + comparative” 1. Cathy got (bored) in her job. In the end, she quit. 2. That hole in your sweater is getting (big). 3. On those days, the weather got (bad). 4. Since Ann went to Canada, her English has got …………………… (good). 5. As the conversation went on, Paul became …………………… (talkative). VII. Complete the sentences using “as….as” + the following quietly, soon, often, well, long 1. It was a difficult question. I answered it …………………… I could. 2. I like to keep fit, so I go swimming …………………………… I can. 3. I din’t want to wake anybody, so I came in …………………… I could. 4. How long can I stay with you? You can stay …………………………… you like. 5. I need the information quickly, so let me know …………………… possible. VIII. Rearrange 1. we/ leave/ sooner/ earlier/ will/ the/ arrive/ the/ we/ ,/ . 2. world/ the Atlantic/ ocean/ is/ largest/ the second/ in/ the/ ? 3. three times/ his/ expensive/ as/ car/ as/ is/ theirs/ . 4. electricity/ use/ the more/ your bill/ you/ will/ the higher/ be/ . 5. the hotel/ more/ expensive/ the/ the service/ the/ better/ ,/ . IX. Translate into English 1. Long học tiếng anh càng ngày càng giỏi. 2. Bây giờ lương của cô ấy đã cao gấp 2 lần so với 2 năm trước. 3. Cô ấy là người cao thứ 2 trong lớp tôi. 4. Tôi cần dừng lại để nghỉ ngơi. Tôi không thể đi bộ thêm nữa. 5. Càng lớn anh ấy càng trở nên keo kiệt. 6 . CÁC CẤU TRÚC SO SÁNH ☺Không phải mọi tính từ (TT) và trạng từ (TrT) đều có thể dùng để so sánh. Trong tiếng anh, các TT và TrT sau không biến đổi sang dạng so sánh: + TT chỉ màu sắc,. không có đuôi “ly” + TrT dài: có đuôi “ly” I. So sánh ngang bằng: S + V + as/ so + TT/ TrT + as Eg: He is as tall as me. She learned as hard as I do. II .So sánh hơn: 1. TT ngắn: S + ĐTTG/ To be +. The most – Well ~> The best IV. Các cấu trúc so sánh mở rộng 1. Để thể hiện mức độ, tình trạng tăng dần TT/ TrT so sánh hơn + AND + TT/ TrT so sánh hơn ~> Càng ngày càng, mỗi lúc một –