by Doug Lowe Networking ALL-IN-ONE DESK REFERENCE FOR DUMmIES ‰ 3RD EDITION 01_179154 ffirs.qxp 2/7/08 10:25 PM Page iii Networking All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies , ® 3rd Edition Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc. 111 River Street Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774 www.wiley.com Copyright © 2008 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permis- sion of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600. 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Library of Congress Control Number: 2008921682 ISBN: 978-0-470-17915-4 Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 01_179154 ffirs.qxp 2/7/08 10:25 PM Page iv About the Author Doug Lowe has written a whole bunch of computer books, including more than 35 For Dummies books, among them Networking For Dummies, 8th Edition, Java All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies, PowerPoint 2007 For Dummies, and Word 2007 All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies. He lives in sunny Fresno, California, where the motto is “Fres-YES!,” (unfortunately, I’m not making that up) with his wife, the youngest of his three daughters, and a couple of dogs (a goofy-looking six-month-old Shar-Pei/black Lab mix named Lucy and a yellow Lab named Odie). He’s one of those obsessive-compulsive decorating nuts who creates computer-controlled Halloween decorations that rival Disney’s Haunted Mansion. 01_179154 ffirs.qxp 2/7/08 10:25 PM Page v Author’s Acknowledgments I’d like to thank everyone who was involved with the third edition of this book, especially project editor Christopher Morris, who put up with late submis- sions (it was Halloween, after all) and who did a great job following through on all the little editorial details needed to put a book of this scope together on time. Thanks also to Dan DiNicolo, who gave the manuscript a thorough review and offered many excellent suggestions for improvements, and to copy editor Heidi Unger, who whipped my prose into shape, crossing all the i’s and dotting all the t’s, or something like that. And, as always, thanks to all the behind-the-scenes people who chipped in with help I’m not even aware of. 01_179154 ffirs.qxp 2/7/08 10:25 PM Page ix Publisher’s Acknowledgments We’re proud of this book; please send us your comments through our online registration form located at www.dummies.com/register/. Some of the people who helped bring this book to market include the following: Acquisitions, Editorial Sr. Project Editor: Christopher Morris Acquisitions Editor: Tiffany Ma Copy Editors: Heidi Unger and Teresa Artman Technical Editor: Dan DiNicolo Editorial Manager: Kevin Kirschner Editorial Assistant: Amanda Foxworth Sr. Editorial Assistant: Cherie Case Cartoons: Rich Tennant (www.the5thwave.com) Composition Services Project Coordinator: Kristie Rees Layout and Graphics: Claudia Bell, Stacie Brooks, Reuben W. Davis, Melissa K. Jester, Christine Williams Proofreaders: David Faust, Caitie Kelly, Toni Settle Indexer: Julie Kawabata Publishing and Editorial for Technology Dummies Richard Swadley, Vice President and Executive Group Publisher Andy Cummings, Vice President and Publisher Mary Bednarek, Executive Acquisitions Director Mary C. Corder, Editorial Director Publishing for Consumer Dummies Diane Graves Steele, Vice President and Publisher Joyce Pepple, Acquisitions Director Composition Services Gerry Fahey, Vice President of Production Services Debbie Stailey, Director of Composition Services 01_179154 ffirs.qxp 2/7/08 10:25 PM Page x Contents at a Glance Introduction 1 Book I: Networking Basics 7 Chapter 1: Understanding Networks 9 Chapter 2: Understanding Network Protocols and Standards 21 Chapter 3: Understanding Network Hardware 43 Chapter 4: Understanding Network Operating Systems 61 Book II: Building a Network 75 Chapter 1: Planning a Network 77 Chapter 2: Installing Network Hardware 95 Chapter 3: Setting Up a Network Server 111 Chapter 4: Configuring Windows XP and Vista Clients 121 Chapter 5: Configuring Macintosh Computers for Networking 133 Chapter 6: Configuring Other Network Features 141 Chapter 7: Verifying Your Network Installation 151 Book III: Networking Administration and Security 157 Chapter 1: Help Wanted: Job Description for a Network Administrator 159 Chapter 2: Security 101 173 Chapter 3: Managing User Accounts 183 Chapter 4: Firewalls and Virus Protection 191 Chapter 5: Managing Network Software 203 Chapter 6: Solving Network Problems 215 Chapter 7: Network Performance Anxiety 229 Chapter 8: Backing Up Your Data 239 Chapter 9: Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity Planning 251 Book IV: TCP/IP and the Internet 259 Chapter 1: Introduction to TCP/IP and the Internet 261 Chapter 2: Understanding IP Addresses 269 Chapter 3: Using DHCP 287 Chapter 4: Using DNS 301 Chapter 5: Using FTP 327 Chapter 6: TCP/IP Tools and Commands 349 Book V: Wireless Networking 377 Chapter 1: Setting Up a Wireless Network 379 Chapter 2: Securing a Wireless Network 399 Chapter 3: Hotspotting 411 02_179154 ftoc.qxp 2/7/08 10:25 PM Page xi Chapter 4: Troubleshooting a Wireless Network 417 Chapter 5: Wireless Networking with Bluetooth 423 Book VI: Telecom, Convergence, and Mobile Devices 429 Chapter 1: Understanding Telecom Systems 431 Chapter 2: Managing a PBX System 441 Chapter 3: Unified Messaging: Voice Mail, E-Mail, and Fax Together 451 Chapter 4: Using VoIP 459 Chapter 5: Managing Mobile Devices 465 Book VII: Windows Server 2008 Reference 473 Chapter 1: Installing and Configuring Windows Server 2008 475 Chapter 2: Managing Windows Server 2008 489 Chapter 3: Dealing with Active Directory 505 Chapter 4: Managing Windows User Accounts 515 Chapter 5: Managing a File Server 537 Chapter 6: Using Group Policy 551 Chapter 7: Troubleshooting 563 Chapter 8: Windows Commands 575 Book VIII: Using Other Windows Servers 605 Chapter 1: Using Internet Information System (IIS) 607 Chapter 2: Managing Exchange Server 2007 617 Chapter 3: Using SQL Server 2008 627 Chapter 4: Using SharePoint 649 Book IX: Linux Networking Reference 667 Chapter 1: Installing a Linux Server 669 Chapter 2: Getting Used to Linux 687 Chapter 3: Basic Linux Network Configuration 697 Chapter 4: Running DHCP and DNS 709 Chapter 5: Doing the Samba Dance 719 Chapter 6: Running Apache 733 Chapter 7: Running Sendmail 745 Chapter 8: Running FTP 755 Chapter 9: Linux Commands 761 Book X: Appendixes 789 Appendix A: Directory of Useful Web Sites 791 Appendix B: Glossary 799 Index 827 02_179154 ftoc.qxp 2/7/08 10:25 PM Page xii Table of Contents Introduction 1 About This Book 2 How to Use This Book 3 How This Book Is Organized 3 Book I: Networking Basics 3 Book II: Building a Network 4 Book III: Network Administration and Security 4 Book IV: TCP/IP and the Internet 4 Book V: Wireless Networking 4 Book VI: Telecom, Convergence, and Mobile Devices 4 Book VII: Windows Server 2008 Reference 5 Book VIII: Using Other Windows Servers 5 Book IX: Linux Networking Reference 5 Icons Used in This Book 5 Where to Go from Here 6 Book I: Networking Basics 7 Chapter 1: Understanding Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 What Is a Network? 9 Network building blocks 10 Why bother? 11 Of Clients and Servers 13 Dedicated Servers and Peers 14 Networks Big and Small 14 Network Topology 15 Bus topology 15 Star topology 16 Expanding stars 17 Ring topology 18 Mesh topology 18 Chapter 2: Understanding Network Protocols and Standards . . . . . .21 Understanding Protocols 21 Understanding Standards 23 The Seven Layers of the OSI Reference Model 24 The Physical Layer 25 The Data Link Layer 26 The Network Layer 28 Logical addressing 29 Routing 30 02_179154 ftoc.qxp 2/7/08 10:25 PM Page xiii Networking All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies, 3rd Edition xiv The Transport Layer 31 The Session Layer 32 The Presentation Layer 32 The Application Layer 33 Following a Packet through the Layers 33 The Ethernet Protocol 35 Standard Ethernet 36 Fast Ethernet 37 Gigabit Ethernet 37 The TCP/IP Protocol Suite 38 IP 39 TCP 40 UDP 40 The IPX/SPX Protocol Suite 41 Other Protocols Worth Knowing About 42 Chapter 3: Understanding Network Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Servers 43 What’s important in a server 43 Components of a server computer 44 Server form factors 46 Network Interface Cards 48 Network Cable 49 Coaxial cable 49 Twisted-pair cable 50 Hubs and Switches 51 Repeaters 54 Bridges 56 Routers 57 Network Attached Storage 58 Network Printers 60 Chapter 4: Understanding Network Operating Systems . . . . . . . . . . .61 Network Operating System Features 61 Network support 61 File-sharing services 62 Multitasking 62 Directory services 64 Security services 64 Microsoft’s Server Operating Systems 65 Windows NT Server 4 65 Windows 2000 Server 67 Windows Server 2003 67 Windows Server 2008 69 Other Server Operating Systems 69 Linux 69 Apple Mac OS/X Server 70 Novell NetWare 70 02_179154 ftoc.qxp 2/7/08 10:25 PM Page xiv Table of Contents xv Peer-to-Peer Networking with Windows 71 Advantages of peer-to-peer networks 71 Drawbacks of peer-to-peer networks 72 Windows Vista 73 Older Windows versions 74 Book II: Building a Network 75 Chapter 1: Planning a Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77 Making a Network Plan 77 Being Purposeful 78 Taking Stock 79 What you need to know 79 Programs that gather information for you 82 To Dedicate or Not to Dedicate: That Is the Question 83 Types of Servers 84 File servers 84 Print servers 84 Web servers 85 Mail servers 85 Database servers 85 Choosing a Server Operating System 85 Planning the Infrastructure 86 Drawing Diagrams 86 Sample Network Plans 88 Building a small network: California Sport Surface, Inc. 88 Connecting two networks: Creative Course Development, Inc 90 Improving network performance: DCH Accounting 92 Chapter 2: Installing Network Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95 Installing a Network Interface Card 95 Installing Twisted-Pair Cable 97 Cable categories 97 What’s with the pairs? 98 To shield or not to shield 98 When to use plenum cable 99 Sometimes solid, sometimes stranded 99 Installation guidelines 100 Getting the tools that you need 101 Pinouts for twisted-pair cables 102 Attaching RJ-45 connectors 103 Crossover cables 105 Wall jacks and patch panels 105 Installing Coaxial Cable 107 Attaching a BNC Connector to Coaxial Cable 107 Installing Hubs and Switches 109 Daisy-Chaining Hubs or Switches 109 02_179154 ftoc.qxp 2/7/08 10:25 PM Page xv [...]... disaster planning, working with TCP/IP, home networking, wireless networking, Windows server operating systems, and Linux So whether you’ve just been put in charge of your first network or you’re a seasoned pro, you’ve found the right book 2 About This Book About This Book Networking All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies, 3rd edition, is intended to be a reference for all the great things (and maybe a few... to get up and running fast so that you have more time to do the things you really want to do Designed using the easy-to-follow For Dummies format, this book helps you get the information you need without laboring to find it Networking All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies, 3rd edition, is a big book made up of several smaller books — minibooks, if you will Each of these minibooks covers the basics... contained in Networking All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies, 3rd edition, can stand by themselves The first minibook covers the networking basics that you should know to help you understand the rest of the stuff in this book Of course, if you’ve been managing a network for awhile already, you probably know all this stuff, so you can probably skip Book I or just skim it over quickly for laughs The... touch command 771 The cat command .771 Commands for Working with Packages and Services 773 The service command .773 The rpm command 774 Commands for Administering Users 775 The useradd command 776 The usermod command 777 xxxii Networking All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies, 3rd Edition The userdel command .777 The chage command ... 799 Index 827 Introduction W elcome to the third edition of Networking All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies, the one networking book that’s designed to replace an entire shelf full of the dull and tedious networking books you’d otherwise have to buy This book contains all the basic and not-so-basic information you need to know to get a network up and running and stay on top of the network... 479 Deciding your TCP/IP configuration 480 Choosing workgroups or domains 480 Before You Install 481 Backing up 481 Checking the event logs 481 Uncompressing data 482 Disconnecting UPS devices .482 xxvi Networking All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies, 3rd Edition Running Setup .482 Adding Server Roles and Features 484 Chapter... .580 Batch files 581 The EventCreate Command 582 Net Commands .583 The Net Accounts command 584 The Net Computer command 585 xxviii Networking All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies, 3rd Edition The Net Config command 585 The Net Continue command .586 The Net File command .586 The Net Group command 587 The Net Help command ... 690 Logging off 691 Shutting down 692 Using GNOME .692 Getting to a Command Shell .693 Managing User Accounts 694 xxx Networking All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies, 3rd Edition Chapter 3: Basic Linux Network Configuration 697 Using the Network Configuration Program .697 Restarting Your Network 700 Working with... Accounts Consist Of .183 Looking at Built-In Accounts .184 The Administrator account .184 The Guest account .185 Service accounts 185 xviii Networking All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies, 3rd Edition Assigning User Rights 186 Controlling User Access with Permissions (Who Gets What) 187 Assigning Permissions to Groups 188 Understanding User Profiles... TCP/IP and the Internet 259 Chapter 1: Introduction to TCP/IP and the Internet 261 What Is the Internet? 261 A Little Internet History 263 xx Networking All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies, 3rd Edition TCP/IP Standards and RFCs 264 The TCP/IP Protocol Framework .266 Network Interface layer .267 Network layer 267 Transport layer . 35 For Dummies books, among them Networking For Dummies, 8th Edition, Java All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies, PowerPoint 2007 For Dummies, and Word 2007 All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies. . by Doug Lowe Networking ALL-IN-ONE DESK REFERENCE FOR DUMmIES ‰ 3RD EDITION 01_179154 ffirs.qxp 2/7/08 10:25 PM Page iii Networking All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies , ® 3rd Edition Published. Wiley, the Wiley Publishing logo, For Dummies, the Dummies Man logo, A Reference for the Rest of Us!, The Dummies Way, Dummies Daily, The Fun and Easy Way, Dummies. com, and related trade dress