BO VAN HQA - THONG TLN CHUONG TRINH 8AO TON CAC Dl SAN VAN HOA PHI VAT THE NAM 2001 Y NGHE GOI LANG KIEN THAI fNINHBJNH Sd VAN HOA - THONG TIN NINH BINH Thi/c hiM - 2001 BO VAN HOA - THONG TIN CHUaNG TRiNH BAO T6N GAG Dl SAN VAN HOA PHI VAT THE NAM 2001 :(::(:% :)e:): ^ 4^ ******* Dl SAN BAO TON MY NGHE COI LANG KlfiN THAI • HUYEN KIM SQN - NINH BINH ^ <:LU- > :=) z 'd: i z X z vo U ^ I 9^ sd VAN HOA - THONG TIN NINH BINH Thuc hien- 2001 My nghe coi lang KiSn Thai TRUYEN THUYET VE CAY COI (3 KIM SON Truyen ke rang: Ngay xua ngay xua, khong biet each nay bao nhieu nam, tien vSx thudng xuong coi tran. Vao mot buoi chieu thu nam ay, nang dep, gio nhe man man, song bien ggn nhap nho duoi nhau vao bd. Tir tren bau trdi xanh hien ra bay nang tien ao trang bay xuong vung bien Kim Son. Phong canh nai cua bien thud con hoang sa nhung that la ky thii. Nudc song Can, song Day cuon cupn, do nang phu sa dang boi dap cho vung dat md rong ra bien ca. Bay nang tien cu bay luan mai de chiem nguong canh dep. Nang tien thu bay (nang tien ut) xiic dong xao xuyen ben cat mai toe dai mau xanh diep ciia minh roi tha xuong bien. Cac sg toe tien lenh denh theo song v6, dat vao viing dat sa boi va moc len thanh v6 so nhirng cay coi xanh tot. Than coi xanh diep, thon dai, phia ngon tron lan. Hoa coi mau nau nhat, nd tren ngon cay, hudng len trdi, huang tham diu, thoang thoang lan xa. Giong coi d Kim Son co tu bay gid, roi khong ngimg sinh soi nay na thanh nhiing canh ruong coi, bai coi rong menh mong bat ngat. Than coi dugc che ra, phai kho roi det thanh nhimg la chieu trai giudng la qua tang v6 gia ciia nang tien thu bay cho loai ngudi, cho nhirng doi lua yeu nhau ciing huang hanh phiic tir ddi nay qua ddi kia. (Ghi theo lai he cua cdc cu nghe nhdn a thdn Kien Thdi, xa Kim Chinh, huyen Kim Scm). My nghe coi lang Kien Thai MAY NET VE HUYEN KIM SOOV VA NGHE CHIEU COI Kim San la mot huyen d phia cue dong nam tinh Ninh Binh. Day la mot viing dong bang ven bien, thuoc luu viing song Hong. Dien tich tu nhien « 21.000 ha, dan so « 164,5 nghin ngudi. - Huyen Kim Som dugc thanh lap vao nam Minh Menh thap nien 1830 "Minh Menh thap nien khai the". Duang thdi huyen gom 7 tong, 60 lang, ap, giap, trai. Hien nay (2001), huyen Kim San gom c6 25 xa va 2 thi tran: Phat Diem, Binh Minh. Huyen ly Kim San dat tai thi tran Phat Diem. - Kim San la huyen co so dong dong bao theo dao Thien chiia. Ca huyen co 135 nha thd Thien chiia giao cua cac xii, ho dao. Dac biet khu nha thd Idn la mot quan the kien tnic rat quy mo, dgc dao va dac sac do Linh muc Tran Luc, con ggi la Cu Sau quy hoach, thiet ke va chi huy xay dung da dugc han mot tram nam, noi tieng ca trong va ngoai nuac, da dugc Bg Van hoa- Thong tin cap bang cong nhan di tich lich su van hoa cap quoc gia. - Ten ggi "Kim Som" co nghia la "Niii vang" do Doanh dien sii Nguyen Cong Trii dat, vi Kim San von la vung dat md, rat mau ma va trii phii, nai day "Tac dat, tac vang". - Doanh dien sii Nguyen Cong Tni, mot vien quan tai ba, mot nha tha noi tieng, day ban linh, khi phach, da ve viing dat Kim San nam Ky Ty (1829) theo chi du ciia vua Minh Menh, khong ngung chieu dan lam goc, quai de lan bien, khan hoang dao song ngoi va he thong kenh rach tua hinh "6 ban cd". Cho den nay, he thong song ngoi, kenh rach phong phii d vung dat Kim San c6 vai tro, tac dung rat quan trgng, lorn lao trong ddi song ciia ngudi dan, trong san xuat, giao thong va sinh hoat. - Den nay, viing dat Kim Scm da 7 lan dugc lan md ra bien. Lugng phii sa ni cac ciia song Vac, song An hang nam do ra rat lorn va kha deu dan, phan phoi vao My nghe coi lang KiSn Thai khap he thong cac muong mang, kenh rach. Thuy trieu viing bien nay len xuong nhip nhang. Moi nam viing dat ven bien Kim Son boi dap them chung 80- 100m. Nhan dan a quanh viing ciia song Vac (mot nhanh ciia song Day viing ha luu) con truyen tung nhiing cau tho sau: "Cua song ndy phii sa nhu mat ong Con gdi nai day doi mdt den nhu nhung De soi sdng cd miia ddng Soi xanh them mua hg Viet Nam c6 hai "vung dat md" Idn la viing dat Miii Ca Mau va viing dat Kim Scm. Nhieu ngudi da truyen nhau vi: Ca Mau la miii thuyen ciia To quoc re song tien ra bien Dong; Kim Som tua nhu ngon chan cai khong 16 ciia vi than lan bien md dat, da hang nghin nam nay ma chua he kho biin van dam. That la hiing vT. Neu so sanh tien do lan bien ciia Kim Son - Ninh Binh va Tien Hai - Thai Binh thi Kim Son Ian bien nhanh hon nhieu, sau 7 lan "md dat", tuy cong cugc khai khan dat boi ven bien a Kim Son va Tien Hai bat dau cung thdi ky, vao nhirng nam 1980. Do dien tich dat sa boi tang nhanh, lai kip thdi dugc sii dung nen Kim Som da c6 uu the Idn ve san lugng nong nghiep, dac biet la san lugng coi nguyen lieu lam co sd cho phat trien nghe chieu coi. - Kim Son la vua thoc Idn nhat d tinh Ninh Binh (chiem khoang gan 1/3 san lugng). 0 noi day, rugng dat phi nhieu, dong bang trai ra menh mong bat ngat. O Kim Son CO nhieu dac san nhu: gao tam xoan, gao du huong, torn rao, cua rem, ca nhech, ca vugc, rugu nep Lai Thanh - Vao nhirng nam 1941 - 1949 co khoang 3 van ngudi tir Hai Phong, Ha Ngi, Nam Dinh va mot so tinh khac tan cu vao Kim Som, roi sau nay, mot so Idn cac tinh nay da dinh cu lap nghiep tai day. Chi rieng d cac xa: Kim My, Kim Tan, Con Thoi, thi tran Binh Minh da c6 tu 10 tinh (gom 40 huyen, tren 50 xa) den day cong tac, lam an sinh song va dinh cu lau dai. Ngugc lai, sau khi Hiep dinh Giomevo dugc ky ket, hang van ngudi tir Kim Son, phan dong la giao dan da di cu vao Nam de sinh song. My nghe coi lang Kiin Thai - Tuy Kim Son la mot "viing cong giao Idn" d tinh Ninh Binh va trong ca nudc, nhung so dong bao theo dao Phat (di lucmg) ciing chiem ty le khong nho. Co nhieu thon, x6m, lang xa, dong bao luong giao dinh cu xen ke nhau (dan giao goi do la kieu "xoi do"). Do la do cu dan cac dia phuong d Kim Som co nguon goc tii nhieu noi den djnh cu. CJ nhieu lang xa noi day cac den chiia cung toa lac gan cac nha thd Thien chiia giao. Ngay ngay tieng chuong nha thd cat len ngan nga hoa am ciing tieng chuong, tieng mo ciia cac chua chien. Rieng ve dao Phat, d Kim Son co kha dong ngudi tu hanh va trd thanh cac su sai, da va dang chu tri d nhieu ngoi chua tren dia ban trong va ngoai tinh. Dong bao lucmg giao d Kim Son doan ket, gan bo trong ddi song xa hgi, ciing nhau lam an, phat trien kinh te, van hoa, chap hanh mgi chii truong, chinh sach ciia Dang va Nha nudc, xay dimg que huong dat nudc ngay cang giau dep. - Kim Son hien co tong dien tich tu nhien, dat khoang 21.000 ha, trong do dat nong nghiep chiem khoang 13.000ha, dat chua su dung tren 3.000 ha. Dien tich coi cii (luu nien) d Kim Son la 350ha: dien tich coi mdi trong va coi bai (coi mgc tu nhien d cac bai sa boi ven bien cua vung dat md). Quanh nam co v6 so nhirng hat coi nho ly ti tir cac noi xa gan dugc gio thoi thay song bien di vao cac vung dat bai boi, roi sau do cac hat coi chim xuong mat dat bai, dan nay mam thanh cac cay coi, tao thanh cac bai tu nhien. - Neu so sanh vdi truyen thuyet ve cay coi a Kim Son thi su hinh thanh cay coi, bai coi tu nhien c6 hoi khac. Truyen thuyet ve cay coi trd thanh cac sgi toe tien do song bien dua vao bai roi mgc len cay coi. Song dieu nay ciing khong he phi ly. Tren dau nggn cac cay coi c6 chiim hoa coi. Than coi c6 hoa coi da kho heo noi tren mat nudc theo song bien dat vao nhirng vung dat mdi roi dau lai. It lau sau, hat coi trong cac v6 xop mong nay mam, mgc len thanh cay coi mdi. - Theo tien trinh lan bien d Kim Som da hang tram nam nay (tuy thuoc vao tien do cac bai sa boi lan bien ra bien Dong) da co mot chu trinh kha deu dan ciia cac loai thuc vat sinh trudng tren viing dat md nay: Sii vet lan bien - coi lan sii vet - liia va hoa mau lan coi. Va duong nhien, thon xom, lang mac theo thdi gian ciing lan nhiing dien dch liia, hoa mau Cii the, nhu mot quy luat tiep diin viia "bien dgng", vira "on dinh". My nghe coi lang KiSn Thai Nhiing bai sa boi khi da dugc boi dap ra bien (bien boi) thi tren bai mgc len cac loai cay hoa, chii yeu d day la cac loai cay sii, vet va coi cung sinh trudng (cgng sinh). Cac cu gia d Kim Som khang dinh: cay coi d dat Kim Son c6 tii rat xa xua. "Co phu sa la CO cay coi". Vet va coi mgc hoang thudng chi lua thua, lac dac. Vi vay, tren cac bai sa boi da dugc nang cao d miic nhat dinh khi thuy trieu nit, ngudi dan dia phuong Cling nhau trong sii, vet (trong rung ngap man) de chan song, lay go, nuoi ong lay mat, dong thdi ciing de rira man. O nhumg bai boi thich hgp thi trong coi rat tot. Coi dugc trong d bai boi dugc ggi la "coi bai". Coi bai tuy nang suat chua cao bang coi rugng nhumg lai de trong, da ton cong a khau lam dat - day la khau nang nhgc nhat trong qua trinh canh tac coi. - Trong dia ban Kim Som, co 25 xa va 2 thi tran thi trong do nghe chieu coi hien van dugc duy tri pho bien d 20 xa va ca 2 thi tran. (Thu nhap tu nghe chieu coi chiem ty le dang ke trong tong thu nhap kinh te d cac dia phuong nay). Doi vdi cac viing bai sa boi thi co the khai thac coi tu nhien (neu cham soc tot thi nang suat cao), hoac trong coi bai (canh tac coi true tiep tren cac bai sa boi). Doi vdi nhumg viing dat "cii hon" (sa boi tu lau ddi boi dap), ngudi ta canh tac coi d cac chan rugng. 0 viing bai boi ven bien, thudng thi "liia lan coi". Song d nhieu dia phuang dat boi cii thi coi va liia c6 the "hoan vi" cho nhau: co the pha coi di de trong liia va ngugc lai. Dac biet tu nam 2000 - 2001, khi coi nguyen heu len gia cao do cung khong dii cau, nhieu hg gia dinh d Kim Som da 'thay" liia bang coi. Coi nguyen lieu len gia nhieu la do nhirng nguyen nhan: 1. Thi tnrdng xuat khau coi md rgng, vdi nhirng nhu cau can dap iing ngay mot tang. 2. 6 trong nudc, cac mat hang bang coi (dac biet la chieu coi) da thirc sir kh^ng dinh lai gia tri va uu diem hon cac mat bang nhua (chieu nhua) so vdi trudc day. 3. Tinh trang dien tich canh tac d nhieu lang xa bi thu hep trong nhumg nam hang coi e dgng, giam gia My nghe coi lang KiSn Thai Cac san pham chieu coi, my nghe coi a Kim Son noi rieng va trong ca nudc noi chung da va dang dugc "phuc hoi lai" va dugc nang cao ve gia tri su dung, gia tri tham my va "tinh van hoa". O Kim Son - Ninh Binh va hang trieu ngudi lai gan bo, tinh nghia thuy chung hon bao gid het trong cugc hanh trinh vao the ky mdi, thien nien ky mdi, ky nguyen mdi dudng nhu bat tan theo xu hudng rat pho bien ciia nhan loai: hoa nhap vdi thien nhien. Chi vdi cay coi, nhirng thiia rugng coi, nhiing bai coi bao la, nhumg ngudi dan Kim Son - Ninh Binh xua kia, ngay nay va mai sau van luon chiing to rang hg da, dang va se kien tao nen "Niii vang - Kim Son). NHUNG NGirdi GHI CHEP, KHAO TA - Nguyen Quang Hai - Nguyen Dire Long. 6 My nghe coi lang KiSn Thai NHITNG SO LIEU VE SAN XUAT CHIEU COI O HUYEN KIM SON - 200L + Gia tri san xuat tieu thii cong nghiep ciia huyen theo ke hoach: 144 ty dong, tinh den thang 10/2001 dat 117,6 ty dong, da nop ngan sach 1,6 ty dong. + Gia tri cac san pham coi: 75% tong gia tri san xuat tieu thii cong nghiep, trong do gia tri cac mat hang coi chiem 65%. + Tong san lugng cac san pham coi nam 2001 theo ke hoach cac dia phuong huyen, cac co so san xuat, cac doanh nghiep san xuat. - Tham coi: hon 600 nghin m . - Lan coi: 1,5 trieu chiec. - Dem lot ghe: 550 nghin chiec. - Hop coi: 1,2 trieu bg. + Nam 2001, toan huyen co tren 600 ha coi, trong do dien tich coi cii khoang 350 ha, con lai dien tich coi mdi. - Khac phuc tinh trang thieu coi nguyen lieu, dien ra dac biet nhirng nam tu 1998 den 2001. (Gia coi nguyen lieu san lugng coi nguyen lieu kho 7.500). + Cac doanh nghiep chieu va mi nghe coi tieu bieu d Kim Som. - Xi nghiep Quang Minh - doanh thu 15,7 ty dong, da nop ngan sach Nha nudc 450 tri^u dong. - Xi nghiep Nang Dgng - doanh thu 12 ty dong, da nop ngan sach Nha nudc 350 trieu dong. + Cac lang nghe vung nghe chieu va my nghe coi tieu bieu: Vinh Phii Vinh, Kien Thai, Kien Trung, Yen Binh, Tu Tan, Nong trudng Binh Minh. + Thi trudng xuat khau cac mat hang coi chu yeu: - Tir nam 1985 trd ve trudc: Lien X6, cac nudc Dong Au, Cu Ba - Sau 1995 den nay: Nhat Ban, Diic, Dai Loan, Nga, Hong Kong, Cu Ba + Ten cac san pham bang coi pho bien: Chieu trai giudng, chieu cac loai, tham coi cac loai, lan coi, hop coi cac loai, bi coi, tiii khoac coi, dem coi (lot ghe cac loai), mil coi, dep coi, khay coi My nghe coi lang KiSn Thai LANG MY NGHE COI KIEN THAI I- MAY NET VE LANG KI£N THAI Lang (thon) Kien Thai xa Kim Chinh nam ngay canh thi tran Phat Diem- huyen ly Kim Son. - Phia dong, giap thon Thii Trung (ciing xa). - Phia tay, giap thon Tri Chinh (cung xa). - Phia nam, giap song An (viing ha luu) do vao song Day ben kia song Day la dat huyen NghTa Hung (Nam Dinh). - Phai bac, giap thon Yen Tho, xa Yen Mat. Thon Kien Thai co chieu dai 1,2 km, rgng 0,4 km. Dien tich dat tu nhien kha "vuong van". Kien Thai la mot dja danh, mot viing dat kha "co" so vdi nhieu thon lang khac tren dia ban huyen Kim Son - mot viing dat sa boi, dat md. Dong bao luong va giao d Kien Thai dinh cu xen ke lan vdi nhau, dan dia phuong ggi la dinh cu kieu "xoi do". Bdi tu thdi tan khan (mdi khan hoang) dan tu nhieu viing que khac nhau da den ndi day lam an, sinh co lap nghiep. Do vay, dan thon Kien Thai mang nhieu hg. Tuy nhien, so dan di luong (theo dao Phat) d Kien Thai tdi nay (2001) chiem ty le co phan nhieu hon so vdi so dan theo dao Thien chiia. Kien Thai each khu Nha thd Idn Phat Diem chung hon mot cay so (ve phia dong bac), each den thd Doanh dien sii Nguyen Cong Tni (thuoc xa Quang Thien) khoang mot cay so. Kien Thai co mot nha thd hg dao Thien chiia dugc xay dimg tir lau vao vi tri giira thon, kha dep; co ngoi den thd thanh hoang la Trieu Viet Vuong (tlic Trieu Quang Phuc, mot vi tudng gioi noi tieng thdi Tran). Thanh hoang lang d Kien Thai xua kia da dugc trieu dinh phong nhieu dao sac. Dgc theo phia tay thon Kien Thai ben con dudng true lien thon da dugc be tong hoa CO con kenh kha dai va rgng lam tang them ve trii tinh cho canh quan thon xom va rat hiiu ich, tien lgi cho san xuat nong nghiep, giao thong van tai va sinh hoat ciia nhan dan dia phuong. Ngudi dan Kien Thai von hien lanh, chat phac, cham chi va c6 truyen thong hieu khach. Hau het cac dudng thon, ngo xom d Kien Thai vai nam gan [...]... que huong da pho bien nghe chieu coi roi Cac cu khang dinh "a dau co phii sa bien boi la noi ay c6 c6i, c6i mgc hoang hoac c6i tr6ng" Kien Thai thuoc xa Kim Chinh - mot dia phuong o khoang "giiia" viing dat mo Kim Son Kim Son la viing dat bai 6 giiia mgt "duyen hai c6i" (Tien Hai - Kim Son - Nga Som) thuoc dia phan ba tinh: Thai Binh, Ninh Binh - Thanh Hoa Cay coi tr6ng d dat thon Kien Thai "thuan... be tong, di lai thuan tien Dudng lang Kien Thai (dudng lien thon, lien xa) noi lien vdi con dudng quoc 16 10 (tir thj xa Ninh Binh chay qua trung tam thi tran Phat Diem, vao Nga Son - Thanh Hoa) Dai da s6 cac hg gia dinh 6 Kien Thai deu sdm quy hoach m6 hinh VAC (vudn - ao - chu6ng) d quy m6 vira de 6n dinh va tiing budc phat trien nang cao ddi s6ng kinh te Cac cap chinh quyen va nhan dan cac dia phuong... loai thep tot to co chimg mgt ly, dai khoang mgt gang tay Ngudi dig diing tay de an xuyen mui kim qua birc tham c6i roi dung kim tiiep (loai co ngam) de kep nit kim khau Khi an kim khau xuyen qua birc tham coi, ngudi thg dung mgt mieng simg hay mgt manh go tot dat trong long ban tay lam "dot" de ty an chu6i kim cho dii lire va tranh bj chuoi kim khau dam vao ban tay Dgng tac khau tiiam coi ciing kha... chu trinh ph6 bien chung 6 dia ban Kim Son O Song C mot thdi ky dien tich liia mau lan dien tich coi qua 6 at tuong chimg nhu nghe chieu coi 6 dia phuong bi mai mot han, khd c6 be ciiu van D6 la thdi ky kha dai, each nay khoang vai chuc nam ve trudc trong "thdi bao cap" vdi tinh trang thieu doi luong thuc kha tram trgng Mat khac, cac mat hang c6i viia it ve so lugng, don di? u ve mau sac, chung loai... Khi ay cac sgi day da dugc lu6n qua 16 rang go phia ngudi det (so le 1-1 ) tao thanh khoang tr6ng de luon sgi coi - Md go: la dgng tac "ngugc lai" vdi dgng tac up go, Cii the theo chu trinh lien tuc (lip- mo- lip- md ) + Luon c6i (con ggi la vang coi) Det chieu coi co hai ngudi thao tac go va bat bien, mgt ngudi chuyen luon coi (ngoi phia ben phai ngudi thao tac go) 23 My nghe coi lang KiSn Thai Coi nguyen... lan vdi cac canh rugng coi chiem, coi miia Dien tich dat canh tac noi day thdi mdi khai khan chii yeu la trong c6i Cung theo ldi hai ong va mot cu gia ngudi dia phuong, nghe coi d Kien Thai va a huyen Kim Son noi chung da co tu lau ddi, kh6ng ro chinh xac la tir nam nao, nhung udc tinh each nay khoang vai tram nam tnrdc khi ma Doanh dien sii Nguyen Cong Tni ve Kim Som Nhieu eu gia cho biet khi hg Idn... nhgn Moi 16 tr6ng c6i tiic la diing dung cu nay tr6 xu6ng mat ruong thanh 16 (sau 1 0-1 5cm) Cii mgt ngudi moi thi mgt ngudi diii hom coi xu6ng cai 16 r6i diing cac ngon tay an, vit chat cac hom c6i lai Khoang each giiia cac hom coi mdi cay khoang 10 - 15cm (tuong tu nhu khoang each giira cac khom liia) Cach cay tr6ng coi ciing it can thang hang nhu each cay Ilia giong mdi vi khau lam co con thii c6ng,... {Xem phdn dnh khdo td) Dgng tac vang coi cua ngudi thg quen nghe rat nhanh thuan thuc va chinh xac theo cii tay dugc an djnh theo do dai cua sgi coi va do dai cua thanh vang De dat duge chieu dau diing quy each truyen th6ng thi ngudi vang coi phai thugc va thao tac dung chu trinh vang g6c va vang nggn coi Chu trinh d6 la: "Ngong6e- nggn- nggn- g6c- nggn- goc- g6c Vang nggn tire la ngoac nggn coi sgi vao... coi chiem 6 Kien Thai dat tdi 500kg/sao - Doi vdi coi miia: thu hoach trong thdi gian tu cu6i thang 6 den cu6i thang 8 am ljch Vao thang Gieng am ljch, dau mua xuan, trudc het ngudi ta phat than coi di, de chua lai phan goc chimg 1 0-1 5cm, thu dgn het xac coi va lam sach co Vao niia cuoi thang tu (am lich) thi b6n phan dam cho edi vdi s6 lugng 1 0-1 5kg/sao, 1 5-3 0 ngay sau thi bon thiic them 5kg phan dam/sao... lang van hoa sau: - Co ddi s6ng kinh te 6n dinh va timg budc phat trien - Co ddi s6ng van hoa tinh than phong phii, lanh manh - C6 canh quan m6i trudng sach, dep - Chap hanh tot chinh sach, phap luat ciia Dang va Nha nudc Nam 2000, th6n Kien Thai da dugc cap bang cong nhan "Lang van hoa" cap huyen Tren vung dat canh tac cua th6n Kien Thai cac canh rugng liia va hoa mau xen ke lan vdi cac canh rugng . vang - Kim Son). NHUNG NGirdi GHI CHEP, KHAO TA - Nguyen Quang Hai - Nguyen Dire Long. 6 My nghe coi lang KiSn Thai NHITNG SO LIEU VE SAN XUAT CHIEU COI O HUYEN KIM SON - 200L. giao d Kien Thai dinh cu xen ke lan vdi nhau, dan dia phuong ggi la dinh cu kieu "xoi do". Bdi tu thdi tan khan (mdi khan hoang) dan tu nhieu viing que khac nhau da den ndi day lam an,. COI LANG KlfiN THAI • HUYEN KIM SQN - NINH BINH ^ <:LU- > :=) z 'd: i z X z vo U ^ I 9^ sd VAN HOA - THONG TIN NINH BINH Thuc hien- 2001 My nghe coi lang KiSn