CHAPTER I. CHAPTER II. CHAPTER III. CHAPTER IV. CHAPTER V. CHAPTER VI. CHAPTER VII. CHAPTER VIII. CHAPTER IX. CHAPTER X. CHAPTER XI. CHAPTER XII. CHAPTER XIII. CHAPTER XIV. CHAPTER XV. CHAPTER XVI. CHAPTER XVII. CHAPTER XVIII. CHAPTER XIX. CHAPTER XX. CHAPTER XXI. CHAPTER XXII. CHAPTER XXIII. CHAPTER XXIV. CHAPTER XXV. CHAPTER XXVI. CHAPTER XXVII. CHAPTER XXVIII. CHAPTER XXIX. CHAPTER XXX. CHAPTER XXXI. 1 CHAPTER XXXII. CHAPTER XXXIII. CHAPTER XXXIV. CHAPTER XXXV. CHAPTER XXXVI. CHAPTER XXXVII. CHAPTER XXXVIII. CHAPTER XXXIX. CHAPTER XL. CHAPTER XLI. CHAPTER XLII. CHAPTER XLIII. CHAPTER XLIV. CHAPTER XLV. CHAPTER XLVI. CHAPTER XLVII. CHAPTER XLVIII. CHAPTER XLIX. CHAPTER L. CHAPTER LI. CHAPTER LII. CHAPTER LIII. CHAPTER LIV. CHAPTER LV. CHAPTER LVI. CHAPTER LVII. CHAPTER LVIII. CHAPTER LIX. CHAPTER LX. CHAPTER LXI. CHAPTER LXII. CHAPTER LXIII. CHAPTER LXIV. CHAPTER LXV. CHAPTER LXVI. CHAPTER LXVII. CHAPTER LXVIII. CHAPTER LXIX. CHAPTER LXX. CHAPTER LXXI. CHAPTER LXXII. CHAPTER LXXIII. CHAPTER LXXIV. CHAPTER LXXV. CHAPTER LXXVI. CHAPTER LXXVII. CHAPTER LXXVIII. CHAPTER LXXIX. CHAPTER LXXX. CHAPTER LXXXI. CHAPTER LXXXII. CHAPTER LXXXIII. 2 CHAPTER LXXXIV. CHAPTER LXXXV. CHAPTER LXXXVI. CHAPTER LXXXVII. CHAPTER LXXXVIII. CHAPTER LXXXIX. CHAPTER XC. CHAPTER XCI. CHAPTER XCII. CHAPTER XCIII. CHAPTER XCIV. CHAPTER XCV. CHAPTER XCVI. CHAPTER XCVII. CHAPTER XCVIII. CHAPTER XCIX. CHAPTER C. Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada Copyright laws are changing all over the world, be sure to check the laws for your country before redistributing these files!!! Please take a look at the important information in this header. We encourage you to keep this file on your own disk, keeping an electronic path open for the next readers. Please do not remove this. This should be the first thing seen when anyone opens the book. Do not change or edit it without written permission. 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Money should be paid to the: "Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." If you are interested in contributing scanning equipment or software or other items, please contact Michael Hart at: hart@pobox.com *END THE SMALL PRINT! FOR PUBLIC DOMAIN ETEXTS*Ver.12.12.00*END* This etext was produced by Douglas E. Levy. CHRONICLE OF THE CONQUEST OF GRANADA by Washington Irving from the mss. of FRAY ANTONIO AGAPIDA Author's Revised Edition CONTENTS. I Of the Kingdom of Granada, and the Tribute which it Paid to the Castilian Crown. II Of the Embassy of Don Juan de Vera to Demand Arrears of Tribute from the Moorish Monarch. III Domestic Feuds in the Alhambra Rival Sultanas Predictions concerning Boabdil, the Heir to the Throne How Ferdinand Meditates War against Granada, and how he is Anticipated. IV Expedition of the Muley Abul Hassan against the Fortress of Zahara. V Expedition of the Marques of Cadiz against Alhama. VI How the People of Granada were Affected on Hearing of the Capture of the Alhama; and how the Moorish King sallied forth to Regain it. VII How the Duke of Medina Sidonia and the Chivalry of Andalusia Hastened to the Relief of Alhama. VIII Sequel of the Events at Alhama. IX Events at Granada, and Rise of the Moorish King, Boabdil el Chico. X Royal Expedition against Loxa. XI How Muley Abul Hassan made a Foray into the Lands of Medina Sidonia, and how he was Received. XII Foray of Spanish Cavaliers among the Mountains of Malaga. XIII Effects of the Disasters among the Mountains of Malaga. XIV How King Boabdil el Chico Marched over the Border. XV How the Count de Cabra sallied forth from his Castle in Quest of King Boabdil. XVI The Battle of Lucena. XVII Lamentations of the Moors for the Battle of Lucena. XVIII How Muley Abul Hassan Profited by the Misfortunes of his Son Boabdil. XIX Captivity of Boabdil el Chico. XX Of the Treatment of Boabdil by the Castilian Sovereigns. XXI Return of Boabdil from Captivity. XXII Foray of the Moorish Alcaydes, and Battle of Lopera. XXIII Retreat of Hamet el Zegri, Alcayde of Ronda. The Legal Small Print 8 XXIV Of the reception at Court of the Count de Cabra and the Alcayde de los Donceles. XXV How the Marques of Cadiz concerted to Surprise Zahara, and the Result of his Enterprise. XXVI Of the Fortress of Alhama, and how Wisely it was Governed by the Count de Tendilla. XXVII Foray of Christian Knights into the Territory of the Moors. XXVIII Attempt of El Zagal to Surprise Boabdil in Almeria. XXIX How King Ferdinand Commenced another Campaign against the Moors, and how he Laid Siege to Coin and Cartama. XXX Siege of Ronda. XXXI How the People of Granada invited El Zagal to the Throne, and how he Marched to the Capital. XXXII How the Count de Cabra attempted to Capture another King, and how he Fared in his Attempt. XXXIII Expedition against the Castles of Cambil and Albahar. XXXIV Enterprise of the Knights of Calatrava against Zalea. XXXV Death of Muley Abul Hassan. XXXVI Of the Christian Army which Assembled at the City of Cordova. XXXVII How Fresh Commotions broke out in Granada, and how the People undertook to Allay them. XXXVIII How King Ferdinand held a Council of War at the Rock of the Lovers. XXXIX How the Royal Army appeared Before the City of Loxa, and how it was Received; and of the Doughty Achievements of the English Earl. XL Conclusion of the Siege of Loxa. XLI Capture of Illora. XLII Of the Arrival of Queen Isabella at the Camp before Moclin; and of the Pleasant Sayings of the English Earl. XLIII How King Ferdinand Attacked Moclin, and of the Strange Events that attended its Capture. XLIV How King Ferdinand Foraged the Vega; and of the Battle of the Bridge of Pinos, and the Fate of the two Moorish Brothers. XLV Attempt of El Zagal upon the Life of Boabdil, and how the Latter was Roused to Action. XLVI How Boabdil returned Secretly to Granada, and how he was Received Second Embassy of Don Juan de Vera, and his Perils in the Alhambra. XLVII How King Ferdinand laid Siege to Velez Malaga. XLVIII How King Ferdinand and his Army were Exposed to Imminent Peril before Velez Malaga. XLIX Result of the Stratagem of El Zagal to Surprise King Ferdinand. L How the People of Granada Rewarded the Valor of El Zagal. LI Surrender of the Velez Malaga and Other Places. LII Of the City of Malaga and its Inhabitants Mission of Hernando del Pulgar. LIII Advance of King Ferdinand against Malaga. LIV Siege of Malaga. LV Siege of Malaga continued Obstinacy of Hamet el Zegri. LVI Attack of the Marques of Cadiz upon Gibralfaro. LVII Siege of Malaga continued Stratagems of Various Kinds. LVIII Sufferings of the People of Malaga. LIX How a Moorish Santon Undertook to Deliver the City of Malaga from the Power of its Enemies. LX How Hamet el Zegri was Hardened in his Obstinacy by the Arts of a Moorish Astrologer. LXI Siege of Malaga continued Destruction of a Tower by Francisco Ramirez de Madrid. LXII How the People of Malaga expostulated with Hamet el Zegri. LXIII How Hamet el Zegri Sallied forth with the Sacred Banner to Attack the Christian Camp. LXIV How the City of Malaga Capitulated. LXV Fulfilment of the Prophecy of the Dervise Fate of Hamet el Zegri. LXVI How the Castilian Sovereigns took Possession of the City of Malaga, and how King Ferdinand signalized himself by his Skill in Bargaining with the Inhabitants for their Ransom. LXVII How King Ferdinand prepared to Carry the War into a Different Part of the Territories of the Moors. LXVIII How King Ferdinand Invaded the Eastern Side of the Kingdom of Granada, and how He was Received by El Zagal. LXIX How the Moors made Various Enterprises against the Christians. LXX How King Ferdinand prepared to Besiege the City of Baza, and how the City prepared for Defence. LXXI The Battle of the Gardens before Baza. LXXII Siege of Baza Embarrassments of the Army. LXXIII Siege of Baza continued How King Ferdinand completely Invested the City. LXXIV Exploit of Hernan Perez del Pulgar and Other Cavaliers. LXXV Continuation of the Siege of Baza. LXXVI How Two Friars from the Holy Land arrived at the Camp. LXXVII How Queen Isabella devised Means to Supply the Army with Provisions. LXXVIII Of the Disasters which Befell the Camp. LXXIX Encounters between the Christians and Moors before Baza, and the Devotion of the Inhabitants to the Defence of their City. LXXX How Queen Isabella arrived at the Camp, and the Consequences of her Arrival. LXXXI Surrender of Baza. LXXXII Submission of El Zagal to the Castilian Sovereigns. LXXXIII Events at Granada subsequent to the Submission of El Zagal. LXXXIV How King Ferdinand turned his Hostilities against the City of Granada. LXXXV The Fate of the Castle of Roma. LXXXVI How Boabdil el Chico took the Field, and his Expedition against Alhendin. LXXXVII Exploit of the Count de Tendilla. LXXXVIII Expedition of Boabdil el Chico against Salobrena Exploit of Hernan Perez del Pulgar. LXXXIX How King Ferdinand Treated the People of Guadix, and how El Zagal Finished his Regal Career. XC Preparations of Granada for a Desperate Defence. XCI How King Ferdinand The Legal Small Print 9 conducted the Siege cautiously, and how Queen Isabella arrived at the Camp. XCII Of the Insolent Defiance of Tarfe the Moor, and the Daring Exploit of Hernan Perez del Pulgar. XCIII How Queen Isabella took a View of the City of Granada, and how her Curiosity cost the Lives of many Christians and Moors. XCIV The Last Ravage before Granada. XCV Conflagration of the Christian Camp Building of Santa Fe. XCVI Famine and Discord in the City. XCVII Capitulation of Granada. XCVIII Commotions in Granada. XCIX Surrender of Granada. C How the Castilian Sovereigns took Possession of Granada. Appendix. INTRODUCTION. Although the following Chronicle bears the name of the venerable Fray Antonio Agapida, it is rather a superstructure reared upon the fragments which remain of his work. It may be asked, Who is this same Agapida, who is cited with such deference, yet whose name is not to be found in any of the catalogues of Spanish authors? The question is hard to answer. He appears to have been one of the many indefatigable authors of Spain who have filled the libraries of convents and cathedrals with their tomes, without ever dreaming of bringing their labors to the press. He evidently was deeply and accurately informed of the particulars of the wars between his countrymen and the Moors, a tract of history but too much overgrown with the weeds of fable. His glowing zeal, also, in the cause of the Catholic faith entitles him to be held up as a model of the good old orthodox chroniclers, who recorded with such pious exultation the united triumphs of the cross and the sword. It is deeply to be regretted, therefore, that his manuscripts, deposited in the libraries of various convents, have been dispersed during the late convulsions in Spain, so that nothing is now to be met of them but disjointed fragments. These, however, are too precious to be suffered to fall into oblivion, as they contain many curious facts not to be found in any other historian. In the following work, therefore, the manuscript of the worthy Fray Antonio will be adopted wherever it exists entire, but will be filled up, extended, illustrated, and corroborated by citations from various authors, both Spanish and Arabian, who have treated of the subject. Those who may wish to know how far the work is indebted to the Chronicle of Fray Antonio Agapida may readily satisfy their curiosity by referring to his manuscript fragments, carefully preserved in the Library of the Escurial. Before entering upon the history it may be as well to notice the opinions of certain of the most learned and devout historiographers of former times relative to this war. Marinus Siculus, historian to Charles V., pronounces it a war to avenge ancient injuries received by the Christians from the Moors, to recover the kingdom of Granada, and to extend the name and honor of the Christian religion.* *Lucio Marino Siculo, Cosas Memorabiles de Espana, lib. 20. Estevan de Garibay, one of the most distinguished Spanish historians, regards the war as a special act of divine clemency toward the Moors, to the end that those barbarians and infidels, who had dragged out so many centuries under the diabolical oppression of the absurd sect of Mahomet, should at length be reduced to the Christian faith.* *Garibay, Compend. Hist. Espana, lib. 18, c. 22. Padre Mariana, also a venerable Jesuit and the most renowned historian of Spain, considers the past domination of the Moors a scourge inflicted on the Spanish nation for its iniquities, but the conquest of Granada the reward of Heaven for its great act of propitiation in establishing the glorious tribunal of the Inquisition! No sooner (says the worthy father) was this holy office opened in Spain than there shone forth a resplendent light. Then it was that, through divine favor, the nation increased in power, and became competent The Legal Small Print 10 [...]... full of precious edification What, then, must be the history of a pious crusade waged by the most Catholic of sovereigns to rescue from the power of the infidels one of the most beautiful but benighted regions of the globe? Listen, then, while from the solitude of my cell I relate the events of the conquest of Granada, where Christian knight and turbaned infidel disputed, inch by inch, the fair land of. .. sorrow upon their declining years The women were more loud and vehement in their grief, for they beheld the evils impending over their children, and what can restrain the agony of a mother's heart? Many of them made their way through the halls of the Alhambra into the presence of the king, weeping, and wailing, and tearing their hair "Accursed be the day," cried they, "that thou hast lit the flame of war... outrage of the Moor happened most opportunely The war between Castile and Portugal had come to a close; the factions of Spanish nobles were for the most part quelled The Castilian monarchs had now, therefore, turned their thoughts to the cherished object of their ambition, the conquest of Granada The pious heart of Isabella yearned to behold the entire Peninsula redeemed from the domination of the infidel,... throughout the castle, but by this time the three hundred picked men had mounted the battlements The garrison, startled from sleep, found the enemy already masters of the towers Some of the Moors were cut down at once, others fought desperately from room to room, and the whole castle resounded with the clash of arms, the cries of the combatants, and the groans of the wounded The army in ambush, finding by the. .. II OF THE EMBASSY OF DON JUAN DE VERA TO DEMAND ARREARS OF TRIBUTE FROM THE MOORISH MONARCH The flagrant want of faith of Muley Abul Hassan in fulfilling treaty stipulations passed unresented during the residue of the reign of Henry the Impotent, and the truce was tacitly continued without the enforcement of tribute during the first three years of the reign of his successors, Ferdinand and Isabella of. .. way to the gates to throw them open to the army.* They were chosen men from among the Moorish forces, several of them gallant knights of the proudest families of Granada Their footsteps through the city were in a manner printed in blood, and they were tracked by the bodies of those they had killed and wounded They had attained the gate; most of the guard had fallen beneath their scimetars; a moment... Zahara more awful than the raging of the storm A fearful alarm-cry, "The Moor! the Moor!" resounded through the streets, mingled with the clash of arms, the shriek of anguish, and the shout of victory Muley Abul Hassan, at the head of a powerful force, had hurried from Granada, and passed unobserved through the mountains in the obscurity of the tempest While the storm pelted the sentinel from his post and... over the security of their apartment The castle was now taken, but the town below it was in arms It was broad day, and the people, recovered from their panic, were enabled to see and estimate the force of the enemy The inhabitants were chiefly merchants and tradespeople, but the Moors all possessed a knowledge of the use of weapons and were of brave and warlike spirit They confided in the strength of their... apprehensive of the approach of the Moors of Granada The strength and spirits of the party within the castle were in some degree restored by the provisions which they found The Christian army beneath the town, being also refreshed by a morning's repast, advanced vigorously to the attack of the walls They planted their scaling-ladders, and, swarming up, sword in hand, fought fiercely with the Moorish... troubles Mothers clasped their infants to their breasts as they beheld the hapless females of Zahara with their children expiring in their arms On every side the accents of pity for the sufferers were mingled with execrations of the barbarity of the king The preparations for festivity were neglected, and the viands which were to have feasted the conquerors were distributed among the captives The nobles . one of the most beautiful but benighted regions of the globe? Listen, then, while from the solitude of my cell I relate the events of the conquest of Granada, . relates. The Legal Small Print 12 W. I. Sunnyside, 1850. A CHRONICLE OF THE CONQUEST OF GRANADA. The Legal Small Print 13 CHAPTER I. OF THE KINGDOM OF GRANADA,