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SUSTAINABLE FOREST
CASE STUDIES
MANAGEMENT
Edited by Jorge Martín-García
and
Julio Javier Diez
SUSTAINABLE FOREST
MANAGEMENT –
CASE STUDIES
Edited by Jorge Martín-García
and Julio Javier Diez
Sustainable Forest Management – Case Studies
Edited by Jorge Martín-García and Julio Javier Diez
Published by InTech
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Copyright © 2012 InTech
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First published April, 2012
Printed in Croatia
A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com
Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechopen.com
Sustainable Forest Management – Case Studies,
Edited by Jorge Martín-García and Julio Javier Diez
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-51-0511-4
Contents
Preface IX
Part 1 Africa 1
Chapter 1 Methodology for Forest Ecosystem Mediating
Indicator – Case Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania 3
John Eilif Hermansen
Chapter 2 Obstacles to a Conceptual Framework
for Sustainable Forest Management Under
REDD in Central Africa: A Two-Country Analysis 27
Richard S. Mbatu
Chapter 3 Collaborative Forest Management in Uganda: Benefits,
Implementation Challenges and Future Directions 51
Nelson Turyahabwe, Jacob Godfrey Agea, Mnason Tweheyo
and Susan Balaba Tumwebaze
Part 2 America 75
Chapter 4 Sustainable Forest Management of
Native Vegetation Remnants in Brazil 77
André Eduardo Biscaia de Lacerda, Fausto Weimar Acerbi Junior,
José Roberto Soares Scolforo, José Márcio de Mello,
Antônio Donizette de Oliveira, Luis Marcelo Tavares de Carvalho,
Natalino Calegário and Antônio Carlos Ferraz Filho
Chapter 5 Sustainable Forest Management in Rural Southern Brazil:
Exploring Participatory Forest Management Planning 97
André Eduardo Biscaia de Lacerda, Maria Augusta Doetzer Rosot,
Afonso Figueiredo Filho, Marilice Cordeiro Garrastazú,
Evelyn Roberta Nimmo, Betina Kellermann, Maria Izabel Radomski,
Thorsten Beimgraben, Patricia Povoa de Mattos and
Yeda Maria Malheiros de Oliveira
VI Contents
Chapter 6 Sustainable Forest Management in a Disturbance Context:
A Case Study of Canadian Sub-Boreal Forests 118
X. Wei and J. P. Kimmins
Part 3 Asia 141
Chapter 7 Sustainability of an Urban Forest:
Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore 143
Kalyani Chatterjea
Chapter 8 Recent Problems and New Directions for Forest Producer
Cooperatives Established in Common Forests in Japan 161
Koji Matsushita
Chapter 9 Conflict and Corollaries on Forest and
Indigenous People: Experience from Bangladesh 183
Nur Muhammed, Mohitul Hossain, Sheeladitya Chakma,
Farhad Hossain Masum, Roderich von Detten
and Gerhard Oesten
Chapter 10 Setting Up Locally Appropriate Ecological Criteria
and Indicators to Evaluate Sustainable Forest
Management in Dinh Hoa District (Northern Vietnam) 203
Anna Stier, Jutta Lax and Joachim Krug
Part 4 Europe 219
Chapter 11 Sustainable Forest Management in
Galicia (Spain): Lessons Learned 221
Edward Robak, Jacobo Aboal and Juan Picos
Chapter 12 Can Forest Management in Protected Areas Produce New
Risk Situations? A Mixed-Motive Perspective from the
Dadia-Soufli-Lefkimi Forest National Park, Greece 239
Tasos Hovardas
Preface
The concept of forest sustainability dates from centuries ago, although the
understanding of sustainable forest management (SFM) as an instrument that
harmonizes ecological and socio-economic concerns is relatively new. The change in
perspective occurred at the beginning of the 1990s in response to an increased
awareness of the deterioration of the environment, in particular of the alarming loss of
forest resources. The main and most striking cause of this deterioration is the
deforestation occurring in some areas of the world. Nevertheless, deforestation is not
the only reason for the environmental deterioration, since even in regions in which the
forest area has increased, other ecological and socioeconomic functions of forests, such
as biodiversity, regulation of water cycles, landscape, recreational functions, etc., have
been undermined. In the face of such different conditions it is no wonder that a large
number of criteria and indicators (C&I) are established in regional and international
processes aimed at sustainable forest management.
The aim of this book is to gather together the experiences of different countries where
SFM is being implemented. The book is divided into four sections, each corresponding
to a different continent, and results from Africa, America, Asia and Europe are
reported.
Four case studies are presented from the African continent. The chapter by
Hermansen presents a case study from the forest reserve of Mt. Kilimanjaro
(Tanzania) where a catchment forest ecosystem mediating indicator was developed.
The purpose of this instrument is to achieve a balance between nature and social
values, in which the views of local people must be taken into consideration in the
decision-making process. The author concludes that a system based only on
measurable indicators does not meet the requirement for local participation and
proposes the use of an open, conceptual, learning-oriented systems engineering
approach. The paper by Mbatu combines the topic of SFM with that of climate
change, and the author reports a case study comparing the current situations in
Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The paper by Turyahabwe et al.
concerns collaborative forest management (CFM) in Uganda and considers the
benefits, implementation challenges and future directions. It gives a good
description of the use of CFM in this part of Africa and provides very useful
information for forest management in other parts of the world.
X Preface
The second section is focused on America and includes three papers from North and
South America. Two case studies are presented from Brazil. Gomide et al. provide an
overview of SFM in this country and present two case studies involving savanna and
candeia forests, respectively. The authors conclude that sustainable management of
the savanna and candeia forests can be economically viable, although several ways of
increasing the profitability are proposed. The other case study was carried out by
Lacerda et al. who examine some of the legal, social, economic and environmental
issues related to the reduction in the forests in Southern Brazil and propose the
implementation of a “locally adapted participatory sustainable forest management”
system focusing on reducing both rural poverty and deforestation. These authors
discuss two case studies involving participatory forest management in the south of
Brazil. This study aims to deliver scientific expertise translated into practical solutions
related to land use and participatory SFM, considering a landscape approach for both
large and small properties. The study by Wei and Kimmins assesses whether or not
two types of timber harvesting at various rotation lengths would have effects on
biogeochemical and biomass that are within the natural range of variation caused by
wildfire in Canada. The practical objective of this study was to identify management
strategies that would sustain or improve long-term site productivity.
Four studies carried out in Asia are presented. An experience from Bangladesh is
reported by Muhammed et al., who review the root causes of the conflicts between the
indigenous people and forest department with regard to land ownership or resource
use, in a region of Bangladesh. The authors also describe the efforts invested in solving
these conflicts and propose a model whereby all relevant parties must reach a final
agreement under the premise that indigenous people and the migrant population
must be equal importance. Implementation of this model may help to solve the conflict
and achieve SFM in this region of Bangladesh. The paper by Stier et al. reports that a
national set of C&I has not yet been finalized or accepted in Vietnam because of a lack
of local consultation. The authors consider whether local perceptions differ from the
national C&I in a district in northern Vietnam and whether they differ among different
local communities according to different types of forest management. The authors
conclude that a combination of expert consultations and local perceptions is required
to ensure both scientific validity and the recognition of local values. The paper by
Matsushita describes how Japanese forests are considered as an essential resource for
agriculture, energy and daily life. The origin of the forest cooperative is described, and
the authors report how a small number of people living in a specific area have carried
out SFM by following local rules and excluding outsiders. Finally, Chartterjea consider
the sustainability of an urban forest in a Nature Reserve in Singapore.
The final section includes two experiences from Europe. The first experience is from
Spain, specifically Galicia, a region where fragmented ownership hinders SFM. The
paper by Edward et al. describes the Galician SFM strategy framework, its evolution
and implementation. The authors conclude by describing five lessons learned from the
entire process, which may be useful as regards avoiding the same mistakes being
Preface XI
made in other regions. In the final paper, Hovardas reports an experience from a
national forest park in Greece. The author presents a case study exemplifying how
forest management can help rural development and biological conservation, although
new risk situations, such as fire and ecotourism, may arise.
These studies represent a wide variation of experiences from developing and
developed countries, and should shed some light on the current status of SFM
worldwide and the problems associated with its implementation. We thank all authors
who submitted manuscripts for consideration for publication in this book. We also
thank the editorial team at Intech for their support and assistance.
Jorge Martín-García
Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute,
University of Valladolid – INIA. Palencia
Forestry Engineering, University of Extremadura, Plasencia
Spain
Julio Javier Diez
Forestry Engineering, University of Extremadura, Plasencia
Spain
[...]... construction of the index and calculation 8 Sustainable Forest Management – Case Studies of indicators, deciding on norms and target values, and finally the presentation of the proximity-to-target performance indicator 2.1 Management of the catchment forest Forest reserves in Tanzania have for more than 100 years been under different forest and forestry administration and management regimes from the German... support a balanced and mediating management concept in order to increase the influence of local 22 Sustainable Forest Management – Case Studies interests on vital and ecological valuable forest resources, and to encourage knowledge insertion to achieve a proactive approach to sustainable forest management contributing to enlightenment and democratizing of ecological resource management Further work should... international bodies and business FEMI is meant to adjust the management attitude in MA to facilitate a stronger local participation Assessments of the ecological status and trends require a set of indicator systems The Driving force–Pressure–State–Impact–Response (DPSIR) framework (Smeets & Wetering, 1999) 20 Sustainable Forest Management – Case Studies is often used However, Niemeijer and de Groot (2008)... of the forest by aerial survey New national forest polices over the last 15 years have as a goal to improve the effectiveness and promote local responsibility towards a sustainable forest management practise (MNRT, 1998, 2001, 2006) with the development of criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management in Tanzania (MNRT, 1999) Local participatory forestry (Blomley, 2006), forest management. .. diversity, forest structure and species composition in Tanzanian tropical forests Forest Ecology and Management 173: 11-34 Jakko Pöyry (1978) Report on the industrial forest inventory in part of the Kilimanjaro Forest Reserve, Tanzania TWICO Dar es Salaam Kashenge, S.S (1995) Forest Division – Catchment Plan for Catchment Forests Kilimanjaro Forest Reserve, Kilimanjaro Region 1st July 1999 – 30th June... the management and utilization of catchment forest reserves A case study of Kilimanjaro Catchment Forest Reserve, Tanzania M.Sc thesis Agricultural University of Norway Ås, Norway Akitanda, P C (2002) South Kilimanjaro Catchment Forestry Management Strategies – Perspectives and Constraints for Integrated Water Resources Management in Pangani Basin In: J.O Ngana (ed.) Water Resources Management - The Case. .. third group is connected to the globalization of environmental management standards including sustainable forest management under the International Tropical Timber Organization A fourth group is NGOs and research institutes working with tropical forest politics, management and forestry Examples include the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), Rainforest Alliance, Social Accountability International (SAI)... the asymmetry between stakeholders of tropical forest at Mt Kilimanjaro, Tanzania Doctoral thesis NTNU 2008: 284 Trondheim, Norway 24 Sustainable Forest Management – Case Studies Howell, K M (1994) Selected Annotated Bibliography on Biodiversity of Catchment Forest Reserves in Arusha, Iringa, Kilimanjaro, Morogoro and Tanga Regions, Tanzania Catchment Forestry Report 94.3 Dar es Salaam Huang, W., Pohjonen,... stakeholders) respectively (Hermansen, 2010 18 Sustainable Forest Management – Case Studies The corresponding influence of how the understanding of ecology (scientific) and nature, and the epistemological and ontological approach, are also illustrated in Fig 3, and derives from the case study work in which the indicator was designated to be the core element in the forest management system in order to strengthen... Kilimanjaro Forest Reserve in Tanzania, 39 pp Forest and Beekeeping Division, South Kilimanjaro Catchment Forest Project FORCONSULT Morogoro, Tanzania Mariki, S W (2000) Assessment of stakeholders participation in forest conservation programmes: A case of Kilimanjaro Catchment Forest Management Project – Tanzania M Sc thesis NORAGRIC, Agricultural Univ of Norway Ås, Norway Methodology for Forest Ecosystem .
SUSTAINABLE FOREST
CASE STUDIES
MANAGEMENT
Edited by Jorge Martín-García
and
Julio Javier Diez
SUSTAINABLE FOREST
MANAGEMENT –
CASE STUDIES. knowledge. CFEMI is designed for communication and management
Sustainable Forest Management – Case Studies
4
of forest ecosystem values where there is a need
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