[...]... Associate Professor Clinical Neurosciences Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA Joel C Kahane, PhD Professor, Director of the Anatomical Sciences Laboratory The School of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology The University of Memphis Memphis, TN GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS Roy Sucholeiki, MD Professor, Director of the Comprehensive Epilepsy Program Department of Neurology... University of Washington, Seattle GeneClinics GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS Karen M Krajewski, MS, CGC Rosalyn Carson-DeWitt, MD S Affective disorders Definition Affective disorders are psychiatric diseases with multiple aspects, including biological, behavioral, social, and psychological factors Major depressive disorder, bipolar disorders, and anxiety disorders are the most common affective disorders. .. estimated 10,000 certified acupuncturists practicing in the United States; as of 2000, there were 20,000 About a third of the credentialed acupuncturists in the United States as of 2002 are MDs Acupuncture’s record of success has stimulated a number of research projects investigating its mechanisms GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS 3 Acupuncture OTHER Acupuncture Key Terms Cardiac tamponade A condition... at least once in their lives GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS 13 Affective disorders Affective disorders In bipolar I disease (BPI), the manic episodes are severe, lasting from one week to three months or more if untreated, and often require hospitalization Manic episodes are characterized by hyperactivity, feelings of grandiosity or omnipotence,... attention disorders These alterations are also seen in the brains of adults who were abused or neglected during childhood Time and recurrence of exposure and severity of suffered abuse help determine the extension of brain damage and the severity of psychiatric-related disorders in later stages of life Diagnosis Well-known sets of clinical characteristics associated with MDD, bipolar diseases, or anxiety disorders. .. absence of the corpus callosum The corpus callosum is a bundle of nerve fibers GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS Description Agenesis of the corpus callosum is one form of abnormal corpus callosum development Other corpus callosum disorders include hypoplastic (thin or underdeveloped) corpus callosum and dysgenesis (abnormal formation) of the corpus callosum In complete ACC, the corpus callosum... Diagnostic Profile of Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum.” Journal of Child Neurology 17 (December 2002): 896–900 Stickles, J L., G L Schilmoeller, and K J Schilmoeller “A 23-Year Review of Communication Development in an Individual with Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum.” International Journal of Disability, Development and Education 49 (2002): 367–383 WEBSITES The National Institute of Neurological Disorders. .. often expressed as an inability to recognize people GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS occur in a variety of neurological diseases, including Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s diseases, Asperger’s syndrome and autism, the term is best reserved for situations where impaired face recognition appears in absence of other neurological symptoms Patients are often uncomfortable in social situations, although... sources of further information, which include books, periodicals, websites, and organizations • A glossary is included to help readers understand unfamiliar terms • A comprehensive general index allows users to easily target detailed aspects of any topic GRAPHICS The Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders is enhanced with over 100 images, including photos, tables, and customized line drawings GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA. .. the diagnosis In some cases, the diagnosis of ACC is incidental, made in the course of an evaluation for other reasons There may well be many asymptomatic individuals with partial or complete agenesis who never come to medical attention GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS 17 Agenesis of the corpus callosum that connects the two hemispheres (halves) of the brain and allows information to pass . The GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA of NEurological Disorders FrontMatter1.qxd 10/5/04 2:21 PM Page i VOLUME A-L 1 The GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA of NEurological Disorders STACEY. providers. GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS xi FrontMatter1.qxd 10/5/04 2:21 PM Page xi INTRODUCTION The Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders (GEND)