DK3636—PRELIMS ——10/10/2006—21:24—VELU—13746—XML MODEL C – pp 1–19 DK3636—PRELIMS ——10/10/2006—21:24—VELU—13746—XML MODEL C – pp 1–19 DK3636—PRELIMS ——10/10/2006—21:24—VELU—13746—XML MODEL C – pp 1–19 DK3636—PRELIMS ——10/10/2006—21:24—VELU—13746—XML MODEL C – pp 1–19 DK3636—PRELIMS ——10/10/2006—21:24—VELU—13746—XML MODEL C – pp 1–19 DK3636—PRELIMS ——10/10/2006—21:24—VELU—13746—XML MODEL C – pp 1–19 DK3636—PRELIMS ——10/10/2006—21:24—VELU—13746—XML MODEL C – pp 1–19 DK3636—PRELIMS ——10/10/2006—21:24—VELU—13746—XML MODEL C – pp 1–19 Dedication This book is dedicated to: Dr Joseph T Acri Rhonda N Hildreth Reba and Cecil Miller DK3636—PRELIMS ——10/10/2006—21:24—VELU—13746—XML MODEL C – pp 1–19 Index Informants, 902–903, 914–916 Information asymmetry, 1161–1162 Information and communication technology (ICT), 797–818 de-territorialization, 799, 808–811 digital divide, 799, 811–814 organizational change engines, 798, 802–808 politics, 798, 799–802 Information factors new comparative administration, 592–594 program effectiveness, 81–84 Information industry, 172–180 Information sharing, 82–83 Information technology (IT) application development, 771 applied information, 776–779 centralization, 789–790 computing technology development, 771–775 decision models, 302–304 e-Government, 776–779, 781–795 hardware development, 770 literature, 797–818 network development, 771–775 new economics of organization, 1089 public sector, 769–779, 783–785, 797–818 quality, 775–776 strategic management, 783–785 technology implementation, 775–776 Information Technology Management Reform Act (ITMRA), 784–785 Innovation, 788–789, 1017–1020, 1162–1167 Inquiry conduct see Conduct of inquiry Inspection and maintenance (I&M), 1076–1077 Institute for Civil Justice (ICJ), 1050 Institute of Court Management (ICM), 1013, 1044–1047 Institute of Government Research, 829–830 Institute of Judicial Administration, 999–1001, 1033 Institutional analysis and development framework (IADF), 297, 299 Institutional choice, 297–299, 1101–1102 Institutional economics, 572–576 Institutionalism, 168–170, 252–305 Institutional rational-choice, 297–299 Institutional records, 890 Institution building, 1002–1003 Institution convergence, 279–283 Institutions and decision making, 252–305 Instruction see Pedagogy Instrumentalism, 506–507 Integration factors, 109, 237, 301–302, 621–622 Intellectual tolerance, 556 Intelligent suboptimization, 233–239 Intelligible principle doctrine, 664 Interdisciplinary convergence, 620–626 Interest groups, 1077–1079 Intergovernmental management (IGM), 445–453 administrative federalism, 488 bottom-up approaches, 449–451 1231 concept, 445–448 emergence, 448–449 evolution, 449–451 federalism, 408–413, 446, 451, 453 intergovernmental relations, 408–413, 446, 451, 453 origin, 448–449 top-down approaches, 449–451 Intergovernmental public policy, 1167–1171 Intergovernmental relations (IGR) 1940–1960, 427–431 administrative federalism, 487–488 elaboration, 442 emergence, 427–431 federalism, 408–413, 446, 451, 453, 482–497 intergovernmental management, 408–413, 446, 451, 453 major events, 445 maturation and metamorphosis, 432–445 new comparative administration, 584–590 origins, 427–431 postwar, 428–429 publications, 430–434, 439, 441 wartime, 428–429 Intermestic issues, 496 International administration civil service, 609, 615–618 comparative administration, 565–566, 572–589, 593–594, 605–626 frameworks, 608, 609–612 historical overviews, 605–607 interdisciplinary convergence, 620–626 knowledge acquisition, 608, 612–614 less-developed countries, 609, 614–618 nation-states, 609, 618–620 pedagogy, 734 world system transformations, 609, 618–620 International agencies, 615–618 International City/County Management Association (ICMA), 11, 31, 782 International institutions, 615–618 International Monetary Fund (IMF), 568, 572, 574–575, 583 Internet, 458–460, 797–818, 935–936 Interorganizational networks, 805–806 Interpretation validity, 897–898 Interpretative rules, 669 Interpretive perspectives, 136–137 Intersectoral administration, 496 Interstate Commerce Act, 656, 657–658 Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC), 8–9, 651, 708–709 Interuniversity Case Program (IUCP), 732–733, 833–834, 856–857 Interviews, 870–886 access, 877–878 advantages, 871–872 background information, 874 conducting, 875–877 confrontation, 885–886 DK3636—INDEX——5/10/2006—09:01—IRSHATH—13778—XML MODEL C – pp 1221–1243 1232 disadvantages, 872 error sources, 884 formats, 881 interviewer characteristics, 875–877 multiple sessions, 885 neutrality, 879–881 note-taking, 886 process, 878–879 question types, 881–883 rapport, 879–881 recording, 886 sensitivity, 885 settings, 877 sources of error, 884 survey research, 919 training interviewers, 872–874 Involvement in participant observation, 907–908 Irrationality, 289–296 Isolation, 296 Issue identification, 317–318 IT see Information technology ITMRA see Information Technology Management Reform Act IUCP see Interuniversity Case Program J Jackson, Andrew, 260–261, 262, 266–267 JACS see Judicial Automated Calendaring Systems Jefferson, Thomas, 54, 258–260, 264–265, 346–348, 484–486 Johnson, Andrew, 186, 263–264 Journals, 397, 624–625 Public Administration Education, 743, 764 Public Administration Research and Theory, 747 Public Management, 856 see also Literature; Periodicals; Publications J-PAE (Journal of Public Administration Education), 743, 764 J-PART (Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory), 747 Judgments and decision making, 253–254 Judicial administration 1900–1909, 988–992 1910–1919, 992–994 1920–1929, 994–996 1930–1939, 996–998 1940–1949, 998–999 1950–1959, 999–1001 1960–1969, 1001–1003 1970–1979, 1003–1007 1980–1994, 1011–1012 1980’s onwards, 1007–1020 1995–2005, 1012–1020 congestion, 1032–1036 delay, 1032–1036 early history, 986–988 education, 1044–1049 Handbook of Public Administration historical overviews, 985–1021 institution building, 1002–1003 issues in, 1029–1055 late twentieth century, 1007–1020 Pound, 986–992, 995–996, 1030–1032, 1036 pre-1900’s, 986–988 principles, 1002 professionalism, 1040–1044 Taft, 992–994 technology, 1049–1054 Third Branch, 984–1021 training, 1044–1049 twenty-first century, 1007–1020 unification, 1036–1040 Judicial assignment authority, 1038–1039 Judicial Automated Calendaring Systems (JACS), 1034–1035, 1051 Judicial councils (or conferences), 1037–1038 Judicial fiscal consolidation, 1039–1040 Judicial human resources, 1040 Judicial interpretations, 453 Judicialization, 660 Judicial review, 670–671 Junior Bar Conference, 998 Jurisdictional issues, 810–812 Jury system, 1015–1017 Justice, 360–362, 1215–1216 K Kales, Albert M, 993–994 Kennedy, John F., 360 Kentucky Resolutions, 484–486 Key’s question, 182–183 Knowledge acquisition, 608, 612–614 information technology, 769–770 management, 325–329 policy sciences, 504–509 Korean War, 359 ¨ Krusselberg, H G., 1106–1107, 1111 L Labor relations administrative law, 653–654 public personnel management 1990’s, 367–369 big government, 357 bilateralism growth, 394–396 civil service, 351–354, 356–357, 384 public service development, 347 representativeness, 391 retrenchment and reform, 362–366 Laissez-faire decision styles, 317 Laissez-faire economic theory, 649, 650 Language, 814, 907 Lasswell, Harold D., 504, 509–515, 541–552 DK3636—INDEX——5/10/2006—09:01—IRSHATH—13778—XML MODEL C – pp 1221–1243 Index Lateness factors, 1209 Law Constitutional law, 419–420, 453, 454, 672, 688–689 of public officers, 679–680 schools, 1044 see also Administrative law; Public law Lawsuits, 706 Leadership, 388–389, 1011–1012 Learning, 133–134 see also Pedagogy Legacies of republican governance, 5–8 Legal concerns in professionalism, 1183–1191 Legal foundations in administration, 698–703 Legal influences in administrative practice, 712–714 Legalistic decision process, 545–546 Legal profession’s role in reform, 990–991 Legal reasoning, 705–706 Legal status, 424 Legislation and cost-benefit analysis, 332–333 Legislative budgeting, 161–163 Legislative decision making, 1076–1077 Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, 202, 666 Legislative rules, 668–669 Legislative sources, 700–702 Legislature, contemporary scene, 454, 457–458 Legitimacy, 28–31, 699–700 Length of survey researches, 930–931 Less-developed countries, 609, 614–618 Leverage-salience theory, 928 Life cycles, 175–176 Limited information, 316–317 Lincoln, Abraham, 263 Lindahl equilibrium, 1075 Lindblom, Charles, 184–185, 288 Linear e-Government models, 777–778 Linearity critique, 543–544 Line-item veto, 211–212 Literacy, 813–814 Literature information technology, 797–818 integrative decision models, 301–302 judicial administration, 996–999, 1008–1011, 1017–1020 public sector, 797–818 see also Journals; Publications Litigation alternatives, 706–707 Local employment, 1131–1132 Local government, 584–590 Lochner v New York, 198 US 45 (1905), 648–650 Logistics, 323–324 Loop-learning, 77 Lower courts, 1000 Loyalty, 357–361, 671, 672–673 M McDougal, Myres S., 541 Macroeconomics, 1081–1083 1233 Macro legitimacy search, 1990’s, 28–31 Madison, James, 54, 482–486 Mail-back surveys, 919–936 Management 1980’s, 442–445 authority decentralization, 588–589 expertise, 1144–1145 ICT integration, 798, 802–808 managerial factors, 85–86, 88–91, 588–589 organization theory, 129–134 paradigms, 1167–1171 pedagogy, 747–748 reforms, 1006–1007, 1171–1183 science roots, 284–285 strategic planning, 237, 334–338 supply chain management, 320–325 workforce cooperation, 85–86 see also Classical ; Intergovernmental management; Public personnel Management Agenda, 1174 Management information systems (MIS), 592–594, 1006–1007 Management by objectives (MBO), 67, 186–187, 301 Mandates, 455–456 Marginalization, 1214–1215 Market choice, 1101–1102, 1104–1114 Marketing, 324 Market relations, 1104–1108 Markets, 327, 651 Massachusetts House of Representatives, 189 Masters degree programs, 740–748, 759–764, 1007, 1013, 1048–1049 Maturity, 12–13, 419–427, 432–445 Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, 726–728, 759 MBO see Management by objectives Measuring performance see Performance measurement Media, 889, 890, 892 Median voter, 1074–1075 Memoirs, 845–846 Merit principle, 363, 382–387, 392–393 Meta-analysis, 867–869 Metamorphosis, 432–445 Methodology in case study methods, 860–862, 865–866 Middle management, 747–748 Military establishment, 859, 1163–1167, 1174–1175 Minnowbrook Conferences, 1158–1159 MIS see Management information systems Misperceptions in program effectiveness, 81–82 Mixed scanning decision making, 72 Model Judiciary Article of 1920, 994–995 Modern era emergence in budgeting, 163–180 Monetary incentives, 927–930 Monitoring maturation and metamorphosis, 432–434 Monopolies, 1160–1161 Morality, 1183–1191 Morgan’s classification see Burrell and Morgan’s classification DK3636—INDEX——5/10/2006—09:01—IRSHATH—13778—XML MODEL C – pp 1221–1243 1234 Morrison v Olson, 478 US 654, 662, 727, 733 (1988), 638 Motivation, 76, 86, 388–389 Multidisciplinary perspectives, 509–511 Multiple case evidence, 866–867 Multiple sessions in interviews, 885 Multiple streams, 291–292 Municipal reform movement, 270–271 Municipal research bureaus, 826–827 Municipal sources, 164–165 Myths, 552–553 N Narrative methods, 863–864, 1092 NASA, 19 NASPAA see National Association of Schools of Public Affairs and Administration National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 19 National Association of Schools of Public Affairs and Administration (NASPAA), 736–742, 744, 746 National Center for State Courts (NSSC), 1032–1033, 1036 National executive budget movement, 271–274 National Judicial College (NJC), 1047–1048, 1052 National Municipal League (NML), 9–10, 11–12 National Organizations Study, 112–113 National Partnership for Reinventing Government, 1173 National Performance Review (NPR) administrative law, 682–683 control-cum-economy, 196–197 ideas in American public administration, 91–93 information and communication technology, 815 new comparative administration, 590, 592 public personnel management, 386 National Telecommunications & Information Administration (NTIA), 812 National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966, 674 Nation-states, 609, 618–620 Naturalization, 816 Natural monopolies, 1160–1161 Navy Knowledge Online (NKO), 327–328 Negative entropy, 321 Negotiated Rulemaking Act of 1990, 683 Networks conduct of inquiry, 844–845 information technology, 771–775 new economics of organization, 1086–1091 organization theory, 130–131 policy sciences, 532–533 Neutral competence, 268 Neutrality, 62–63, 879–881 New comparative administration, 571–594 budgeting, 577–578, 582–584 civil service reform, 580–582 comparative management information systems, 592–594 culture, 578–580 economics, 572–576 Handbook of Public Administration financing management, 582–584 government reinvention, 590–592 institutional economics, 572–576 intergovernmental relations, 584–590 local government, 584–590 opportunities, 590 personnel administration, 580–582 problems, 590 public choice, 572–576 reorganization, 590–592 New Deal administrative law, 664 conduct of inquiry, 830–831 federalism maturity, 425–426 politics and policy making, 68 professionalism, 1141, 1154 New Directions, 566–567 New directions in budget theory, 240–243 New economics of organization, 1083–1091 New federalism, 482, 492–494, 495–496 New institutionalisms, 296–301 New Look strategy, 1163 New Managerialism, 91–93 New Public Administration (NPA) 1960’s, 20–21 pedagogy, 738–739 professionalism, 1156–1159 program effectiveness, 78–79 public personnel management, 361–362 New Public Management (NPM), 63, 91–93 anti-administration, 1212–1213 comparative and international administration, 624 organization theory, 139 professionalism, 1171–1183, 1194 New Public Service, 139, 141 New Zealand, 1175–1183 NGOs (non-governmental organizations), 571 Ninth Amendment, 644–645 Niskanen, William, 1077–1078, 1079–1080 Nixon administration, 186–187 NJC see National Judicial College NKO (Navy Knowledge Online), 327–328 NML see National Municipal League No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, 456–457, 459 Non-governmental information producers, 179–180 Non-governmental organizations (NGOs), 571 Non-market arrangement, 1108–1114 Non-partisan governments, 57–58, 59–64 Non-partisan information and data, 177 Non-programmed decisions, 316 Non-response in surveys, 920–923 Non-scheduled interviews, 881 Normative consequences/perspectives, 299–300, 514–515, 525 Note-taking, 886, 908 NPA see New Public Administration NPM see New Public Management NPR see National Performance Review DK3636—INDEX——5/10/2006—09:01—IRSHATH—13778—XML MODEL C – pp 1221–1243 Index NSSC see National Center for State Courts NTIA see National Telecommunications & Information Administration O Objectives, case study methods, 860–862 Observation techniques see Archival research; Participant observation Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, 676 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 676, 1069 Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC), 676 ODC (organization development and change), 115–116 OECD see Organization For Economic Cooperation and Development Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA), 680–681 Office of Management and Budgets (OMB), 172–177, 186–187, 680–681 Office of Personnel Management (OPM), 391–394 Office of Price Administration (OPA), 831 Office of War Mobilization (OWM), 831 OIRA see Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs OMB see Office of Management and Budgets OPA see Office of Price Administration Open behavior models, 75 Open-mindedness, 914 Openness, 277, 278 Operations research, 832, 834 Operations in supply chain management, 323 OPM see Office of Personnel Management Optimization models, 230–231 Organizational change engines, 798, 802–808 Organizational charts, 759–760, 890 Organizational decision making, 289–291 Organizational efficiency, 1064 Organizational environments, 389–390 Organizational methods in knowledge management, 328 Organizational structure models, 73–76 Organization development and change (ODC), 115–116 Organization For Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 574–576, 582 Organization humanism, 75 Organization and management, 129–134 Organization sciences (OS), 105–118 Organization theory action theory, 123 administration, 121–126 alternative structure contingencies, 111–114 bureaucracy, 51, 122–123, 124, 126–129, 133 Burrell and Morgan’s classification, 51–52 classification, 51–57 coalition convergence, 279 democracy, 126–129 Denhardt’s classification, 55 development trends, 105–118 1235 dual classification, 55–56 empirical analysis guides, 116–118 environmental contingencies, 107–109 ethics, 124–125 horizontal structuring methods, 114–116 management and organization, 129–134 organization-management, 129–134 policy making, 122–123 politics, 121–126 practice-theory issues, 134–139 public organization theories, 140–141 Quinn’s classification, 52–53 responsiveness, 123, 124 simple and sovereign structure, 106–107 strategy Z structure contingencies, 109–111 structure contingencies, 106–107, 109–116 technological contingencies, 107–109 theoretic development types, 116–118 theory-practice issues, 134–139 trends, 105–118 Origins federalism, 413–416 intergovernmental management, 448–449 intergovernmental relations, 427–431 supply chain management, 322–324 Orthodoxy to heterodoxy, 1148–1150 Orthodoxy and political reality interactions, 1145–1148 OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration), 676, 1069 OSHRC (Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission), 676 OS (organization sciences), 105–118 Ostrom, Vincent, 131–132 Outbound logistics, 323–324 Outcomes in policy sciences, 553–554 Over-involvement/over-rapport, 907–908 Oversupply, 1077–1080 OWM (Office of War Mobilization), 831 P PACER (Public Access to Court Electronic Records), 1051–1052 PACH see Public Administration Clearing House Paperwork Reduction Act, 680–681, 684 PAR see Public Administration Review Paradigms in professionalism, 1134–1138, 1167–1183 advocacy, 1135–1136 diversity, 1155–1156 generation, 1134–1135, 1170 implementation, 1136–1137 translation, 1135–1136 Participant observation accuracy, 919 characteristics, 900 classical research, 899–919 data types, 903 ethnography, 899, 903–904 DK3636—INDEX——5/10/2006—09:01—IRSHATH—13778—XML MODEL C – pp 1221–1243 1236 historical overviews, 900–901 inaccuracy causes, 910–912 informants, 902–903, 914–915 limitations, 908–910 note-taking, 908 observer agreement, 915–916 observer pairing, 914 problems, 904–912 rapport, 906–908 recording data, 908 remedies, 912–919 roles of observers, 904 settings, 905, 906 usage, 900–901 Participation in organization theory, 125 Participation in program effectiveness, 79 Partnerships, 79, 90, 125 Party realignment, 420–422 PATCO strike, 364–365 Path dependence, 622–623 Payments and survey research, 927–930 Peacetime needs in personnel management, 357–359 Pedagogy in public administration 1880–1920, 724–726 1920’s, 726–728 1930’s, 728–731 1940’s, 728–731 1950’s, 731–733 1960’s, 733–735 1970’s, 735–739 1980’s, 739–743 1990’s, 743–748 2000’s, 748–750 administrative state, 728–731 challenges, 748–749 change, 739–743 consolidation, 739–743 decline, 731–733 defining the field, 760–762 definitions, 757–764 fragmentation, 731–733 genesis, 758–759 growth, 735–739 historical overviews, 723–750 new millennium, 748–750 organizational charts, 759–760 renewal, 735–739 war years, 730–731 Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883, 60, 350, 382–383, 655, 1138–1139 People factors, 1114–1115 Perceived importance, 926–927, 928 Performance management, 621–622, 624–626 Performance measurement, 83–84, 233–240 Performance-orientated budgeting (POB), 577–578 Periodicals, 167, 168, 430–434, 624–625 see also Journals Personal interviews, 870, 871 Handbook of Public Administration Personalization in survey research, 932 Personal mastery, 133–134 Personnel administration, 580–582 Personnel management see Public personnel management Persuasion techniques, 670 Philadelphia Convention, 413 Philosophical–political interfaces, 1189–1191 PI see Public interest Pigovian margin budgeting, 230–231 Placidity, 108 Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Controlling, Reporting and Budgeting (POSDCORB), 66, 1146–1148 Planning, programming and budgeting systems (PPBS) budgeting and finance, 186 classical management models, 67 conduct of inquiry, 836–837 cost-benefit analysis, decision making, 332 professionalism, 1162–1167 program effectiveness, 78 Planning see also Strategic planning and management Pluralism, 17–19 Policy analysis, 285–287, 512 constructs, 552–553 cycles, 544–545 inquiry, 524–533 intergovernmental relations, 440 making, 58, 68–72, 122–123, 291–292 networks theory, 130–131 politics and policy making, 58, 68–72 Policy sciences application, 529–530 conduct of inquiry, 833–836 contextual perspectives, 511–513 convergence, 554–558 critical perspectives, 541–559 decision processes, 542–552 development, 515–524 explicitly normative perspectives, 514–515, 525 growth, 515–524 knowledge, 504–509 Lasswell, 504, 509–515, 541–552 multidisciplinary perspectives, 509–511 normative perspectives, 514–515, 525 policy inquiry, 524–533 policy process, 512–513 political events, 519–524 post-positivism, 531–532 problem-oriented perspectives, 511–513, 554–558 public policy, 504–534, 541–559 relevance and application, 529–530 research, 554–558 scope expansion, 516–519 socially relevant knowledge, 504–509 social network analysis, 532–533 social process insights, 552–554 social science, 507–509 DK3636—INDEX——5/10/2006—09:01—IRSHATH—13778—XML MODEL C – pp 1221–1243 Index stages approach, 542–552 utilization, 517 Political context of ethics and morality, 1186–1189 Political culture, 578–580 Political economy, 1063–1093 bureaucracy, 1071, 1079–1080, 1109–1112 constitutional choice, 1112–1114 environment changes, 1070–1072 extreme rational-choice model, 1102–1104 frameworks, 1115–1116 institutional choice, 1101–1102 macroeconomics, 1081–1083 market choice, 1101–1102, 1104–1114 market relations, 1104–1108 models, 1115–1116 new economics of organization, 1083–1091 nonmarket arrangement, 1108–1114 people factors, 1114–1115 political science, 1069–1070 prescriptive public administration, 1065 public choice, 1064–1065, 1072–1081, 1101–1102, 1108–1114 rational-choice model, 1102–1104 theories, 1115–1116 Political events in policy sciences, 519–524 Political irrationality, 293–294 Political leadership, 789–790, 791–792 Political myths, 552–553 Political officials, 786–787 Political privatization, 586 Political reality and orthodoxy interactions, 1145–1148 Political records research, 888 Political science, 19–21, 1069–1070 Political significance in budgets, 209–210 Politics administration dichotomies, 63–64, 1206–1208 administrative systems, 5–8 contemporary scene, 453, 455 control-cum-accountability, 189–190 federalism emergence, 418 federalism maturity, 420–422 information and communication technology, 798, 799–802 intergovernmental relations, 434–436 organization theory, 121–126 philosophical interfaces, 1189–1191 policy making, 58, 68–72 public personnel management, 386 republican governance legacies, 5–8 Polk, James Knox, 261 Popular sentiment, 1149 Population survey research, 926 Porter, Michael, 322 POSDCORB (Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Controlling, Reporting and Budgeting), 66, 1146–1148 Positivism, 135–136, 274, 531–532 1237 Postage, survey research, 932–933 Postmodernism in organization theory, 137–138 Post-positivism, 531–532 Post-traditional politics-administration frameworks, 1208–1217 Post-war years budgeting and finance, 183–184 conduct of inquiry, 833–836 intergovernmental relations, 428–429 Pound, Roscoe, 986–992, 995–996, 1020, 1030–1032, 1036, 1143 Poverty, 519–520 Power Congressional delegation, 273 e-Government strategic management, 790–791 information and communication technology, 800–802 presidential, 665 separation, 256–260 PPBS see Planning, programming and budgeting systems PPGIS see Public participation GIS PPSS see President’s Private Sector Survey Practicality factors, radical imagination, 1209 Practice-theory issues, 134–139 Practitioner consensus, 622–623 Pragmatism, 506–507 Prediction in decision processes, 550–552 Prejudice, 911 Prepayments in survey research, 928 Prescriptive public administration, 1065 Presidential power and responsibility, 665 Presidential Records Act of 1978, 686 Presidents see individual presidents President’s Commission on Economy and Efficiency, 11, 165, 167 President’s Committee on Administrative Management, 1147 President’s Private Sector Survey (PPSS), 841 Pressure on subjects, 905–906 Primary supply chain activities, 322 Principal–agent frameworks, 298–299 Principle beneficiaries, 238–239 Priorities in program effectiveness, 87 Prisoner’s dilemma, 1106 Privacy Act of 1974, 678 Private records research, 889–894 Private sector ICT management, 799, 814–817 Private Sector survey on Cost Control, 386 Privatization, 89–90, 585–588 Probes in interviews, 881–883 Problem identification, 317–318 Problem-oriented perspectives, 511–513, 554–558 Procedural rigidity, 89–90 Procedural rules, 669–671 Process for case research, 862–863 Process methods in strategic planning and management, 336, 337–338 Productivity bargaining, 322 DK3636—INDEX——5/10/2006—09:01—IRSHATH—13778—XML MODEL C – pp 1221–1243 1238 program effectiveness, 80–81 public personnel management, 388–389 Product safety, 652 Professional activity domains, 1134–1137 Professional education see Pedagogy Professional organization development, 827–828 Professional standards, 191 Professions/professionalism, 1126–1195, 1205–1217 1880–1910, 1138–1142 1910–1930, 1142–1145 1930’s, 1145–1148 1940–1960, 1148–1150 1960’s, 1155–1156 administration community, 1126–1195 administrators, 396–398 anti-administration, 1212–1215 associations/organizations, 179–180 budgeting, 1162–1167 concept, 1126–1128 Department of Defense, 1163–1164, 1174–1175 employment, 1130–1133 ethics, 1183–1191, 1215–1216 evolution, 1133–1183 government, 1129–1133 hermeneutics, 1210–1212 historical overviews, 1138–1150, 1155–1156 identity, 1206–1208 innovative management, 1162–1167 intergovernmental public policy, 1167–1171 judicial administration, 1001, 1005, 1040–1044 justice, 1215–1216 legal concerns, 1183–1191 management paradigms, 1167–1171 management reforms, 1171–1183 military establishments, 1163–1164, 1174–1175 morality, 1183–1191 New Public Administration, 1156–1159 New Public Management, 1171–1183, 1194 paradigms, 1134–1138, 1155–1156, 1167–1183 planning and programming, 1162–1167 professional activity domains, 1134–1137 public choice, 1159–1162 public sector, 1128–1133, 1155–1156 radical imagination, 1208–1210 reform, 1171–1183 Simon, 1151–1154 Program effectiveness, 59, 77–91 Programmed decisions, 316 Programming, 1165 see also Planning, programming Progressive Era, 724–726 Progressive Movement, 277, 659–661, 1141 Propaganda, 787–788 Property tax limitations, 193–194, 195 Proposition 13, 193–194, 195 Prospect theory, 295–296 Prototype perfecting, 181–217 Handbook of Public Administration Public Access to Court Electronic Records (PACER), 1051–1052 Public Administration Clearing House (PACH), 14, 728, 729 Public Administration Network, 27 Public Administration Review (PAR), 853–855 Publications archival research, 889, 893–894 budgeting and finance, 180 conduct of inquiry, 834–835 intergovernmental management, 448–449 intergovernmental relations, 430–434, 439, 441 see also Literature Public beneficiaries, 238–239 Public budgeting 1789–2004, 153–217 accountability, 188–197 Articles of Confederation, 159–161 bibliographic criteria, 153, 158–159 Budget Enforcement Acts of 1990 and 1997, 207–209 budget surplus, 213–216 budget theory, 227–244 chronology, 153, 154–158 classic budgeting theories, 228–239 Congressional Budget Act of 1974, 197–203 Constitution, 153, 154–158, 159–161 control, 188–197 documentation, 172–180 dynamism, 159 economy, 188–197 elusive balanced budgets, 209–213 federal government, 153 Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act of 1985, 203–207 Hamilton, Alexander, 159–160 historical overviews, 159–163 information industry, 172–180 intelligent suboptimization, 233–239 legislative budgeting, 161–163 modern era emergence, 163–180 new comparative administration, 582–584 nineteenth century legislative budgeting, 161–163 performance measurement, 233–240 prototype perfecting, 181–217 reform, 167–172, 185–188, 197–199, 203–204 stability, 159 Public choice decision making, 293–294 economic-based budgeting, 231–232 new comparative administration, 572–576 political economy, 1064–1065, 1072–1081, 1101–1102, 1108–1114 professionalism, 1159–1162 Public employee discretion, 806–808 Public expectations, 544–545 Public Finance Act of 1989, 1178–1179 Public goods, 1160 Public interest (PI), 6–9, 12–13, 69, 179 DK3636—INDEX——5/10/2006—09:01—IRSHATH—13778—XML MODEL C – pp 1221–1243 Index Publicity, 786–788 Public law administration legal foundations, 698–703 administrative law and regulation, 636–693 administrative practice, 712–714 cases, 715 cost-benefit analysis, 333 Courts, role, 703–707 extent of regulation, 710–712 five great issues, 698–715 regulation extent, 710–712 role of the Courts, 703–707 Public management, 527–529, 575, 582, 1175–1183 see also Public personnel management Public Management Service (PUMA), 575, 582 Public officers, 679–680 Public organization theories, 140–141 Public participation, 125, 811–812 Public participation GIS (PPGIS), 811–812 Public personnel management, 345–370 1990’s, 366–369 administrators, 396–398 big government, 357–362 bilateralism growth, 394–396 civil service, 350–357, 382–387 downsizing, 366–369 human relations, 387–394 merit principle, 382–387, 392–393 public service development, 345–350 quality movements, 387, 390–391 reengineering, 366–369 reform, 349–350, 351–355, 362–366, 382–387 reinvention, 366–369 representativeness, 391–394 retrenchment, 362–366 turn-of-the-century perspective, 381–398 workplace quality movements, 387, 390–391 Public policy authority legislative sources, 700–702 pedagogy, 735 policy sciences, 504–534, 541–559 public management, 527–529 Public records research, 887–889 Public sector bilateralism growth, 394–396 e-Government, 776–779 information and communication technology, 797–818 information technology, 769–779, 783–785, 797–818 Internet, 797–818 private sector ICT management, 799, 814–817 professions/professionalism, 1128–1133, 1155–1156 public personnel management, 394–396 strategically managing information technology, 783–785 Public service development, 345–350 education, 744, 749–750 PUMA see Public Management Service 1239 Q Qualitative research, 845–846 Quality assurance, 323 commitment, 916 control, 323 information technology, 775–776 movements, 387, 390–391 Quantitative research, 859–860, 865 Question-and-answer methods, 864 Questionnaires, 872 Question types, 881–883 Quinn’s classification, 52–53 R Race issues, 875–876 Radical imagination, 1208–1210 Railroads, 264, 648–649, 656–657, 663 Rapport, 879–881, 906–908 RARG see Regulatory Analysis Review Group Rational-choice, 297–299, 1065, 1102–1104 Rationalism, 72, 185–188, 284–290, 297–299, 319 Reagan, Ronald, 386, 492–494, 495–496 Realism, 1066–1067 Reconstruction in decision making, 262–267 Recording data, 908 Recording interviews, 886 Redirection in Intergovernmental Relations, 442, 443–444 Red tape, 711–712, 1173 Reengineering, 366–369 Reflection, 296, 916 Reform administrative reform era, 265–283 civil service, 351–355, 382–387, 580–582, 658–661 Congressional Budget Act of 1974, 197–199 financial management, 167–172, 185–188, 197–199, 203–204 Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act of 1985, 203–204 historical overviews, 9, 11–13, 22–24 honest and businesslike government, 60–64 judicial administration, 984–1021 non-partisan government, 60–64 pedagogy, 724 professionalism, 1142–1145, 1171–1183 public budgeting, 167–172, 185–188, 197–199, 203–204 public personnel management, 349–350, 351–355, 362–366, 384–386 Reform Agenda, 991–992 Reformers, conduct of inquiry, 826–827 Reform resistance, 209 Refounding, 1990’s, 29–31 Regional government, conduct of inquiry, 837 Regionalism, intergovernmental relations, 439–441 Regulation administrative law, 636–693 extent in public law, 710–712 DK3636—INDEX——5/10/2006—09:01—IRSHATH—13778—XML MODEL C – pp 1221–1243 1240 intergovernmental relations, 442–443 see also Law Regulatory administration, 644–651 Regulatory Analysis Review Group (RARG), 332 Regulatory Flexibility Act, 680 Reinventing Government, 138–139 Reinvention issues, 138–139, 366–369, 590–592, 1172–1175 Reliability of data, 897 Reliability in participant observation, 909 Renewal, pedagogy, 735–739 Rent-seeking, 1078–1079 Reorganization factors, 279–283, 590–592 Reorientation factors, 240–243, 439–441 Representativeness factors, 295, 391–394, 896 Republican governance, 5–8, 32–34 Republicans, 261 Research bureaus, 726, 799, 826–827 comparative and international administration, 622–623 judicial administration, 995–996, 1014–1017 organizations, 179 policy sciences, 554–558 see also Conduct of inquiry Resistance in budget reform, 209 Resolving disputes, 301–302, 683, 707, 1009, 1018–1020 Resources archival research, 887–894 federalism emergence, 418–419 federalism maturity, 423–427 Respondent populations, 926 Responsiveness, 123, 124, 252–305 Results Act, 178, 683–684 Retrenchment, 193, 362–366, 442–444 Revenue floods, 273 Revenue sharing, 363 Revere, Paul, 188 Rhetoric, anti-administration, 1214 Rights issues civil rights movements, 22–24, 674 retrenchment and reform, 365–366 States’ rights federalism, 482, 484–486 Voting Rights Acts of 1965, 799 Risk-aversion, 1085–1086 Roadmaps, 568–571 Robust administration, 713–714 ROF see Rule of factions Role of the Courts, 703–707 Roles of observers, 904 Roosevelt, Franklin, 355–356 Roosevelt, Theodore, 352–353, 661 Root, Senator Elihu, 662–663 Rotation, 261–262 Rule of factions (ROF), 6–8, Rules Administrative Procedure Act of 1946, 668–671 agency rules, 686 Chevron rule, 688 Handbook of Public Administration evaluation, 711 fellow servant rule, 647–648 interpretative rules, 669 legislative rules, 668–669 Negotiated Rulemaking Act of 1990, 683 procedural rules, 669–671 substantive rules, 668–669 usage, 711 Ruling classes, 268 Rural reformers, 826–827 S Sacred cows, 212–213 Safety, 652–653, 674, 676, 1069 Sales, supply chain management, 324 Salience, survey research, 926–927, 928 SAQ (Self-administered questionnaires), 872 SBREFA see Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act Schedule of cases, 691–693, 715 Scholarly success, 845 School of Citizenship and Public Administration, 726–728, 759 Science, 19–21, 1210–1211 see also Policy sciences Scientific management, 1143 Scope expansion in policy sciences, 516–519 SCOPMA (Study Committee on Policy Management Assistance), 440 Second American revolution, 181 Secondary analysis, 918–919 Secondary research sources, 893–894 Section on Public Administration Education (SPAE), 764 Security global security states, 32–34 Homeland Security, 32, 215–216, 457–458, 686 public personnel management, 357–361 Self-administered questionnaires (SAQ), 872 Self-awareness, 17–19 Sensitivity factors, 885, 909–910 Separated powers, 256–260 Sequestration, 204, 205–206 Servant rule, 647–648 Service administrative law, 652 conduct of inquiry, 838 supply chain management, 324 Settlement house government model, 274 Sexual harassment, 365, 368 Shared functions in Intergovernmental Relations, 434–436 Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890, 9, 264, 657–658 Signature dichotomy, 1206–1208 Simon, Herbert A bureaucracy and democracy, 127 decision making, 284–285 legitimacy, 28–29 organization theory, 130, 135 DK3636—INDEX——5/10/2006—09:01—IRSHATH—13778—XML MODEL C – pp 1221–1243 Index professionalism, 1151–1154 Simple and sovereign structure (SSS), 106–107 Single-tier courts, 1036–1037 SJI see State Justice Institute Slow motion executive budgeting, 164–167 Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 (SBREFA), 683, 684 Social-constructionist methods, 299–300 Social equity, 362 Social events, 435 Social factors in program effectiveness, 84–86 Socially relevant knowledge, 504–509 Social network analysis, 532–533 Social process insights, 552–554 Social science, 507–509, 828–829, 1020 Social Science Research Council (SSRC), 828–829 SOE see State-owned enterprises Solution selection, 319–320 Sources of error, 884, 911–912 Sovereignty, 106–107, 1113 SPAE (Section on Public Administration Education), 764 Span-of-control, 1109 Specialized interviews, 870, 881 Speedy Trial Act Accounting and Reporting System (STARS), 1034, 1054 Spending cuts, 213 Spending patterns, 193 Spoils system, 6, 348–349 Sponsorship, 925–926 SSRC see Social Science Research Council SSS (Simple and sovereign structure), 106–107 Stability in public budgeting, 159 Stages approach in policy sciences, 542–552 Stakeholders, 323, 325 Standards accounting and audit, 181 external referents, 236–237 Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board, 192 Governmental Accounting Standards Board, 178 judicial administration, 1003–1004, 1009 STARS see Speedy Trial Act Accounting and Reporting System State information producers, 179 State Justice Institute (SJI), 1033 State-local employment, 1131–1132 State Owned Enterprises Act of 1986, 1177 State-owned enterprises (SOE), 571, 587–588, 1180–1181 State reorganization movement, 271 State responses, 995 States intergovernmental relations, 436–438 rights, 482, 484–486 State Sector Act of 1988, 1177 Statistical treatments, 112–113 Statutory administrative law, 683–684 Stewart, Richard B., 642–643 1241 Stories, conduct of inquiry, 845–846 Strategically managed e-Government, 781–795 Strategically managed information technology, 781–795 Strategy planning and management, 237, 334–338 structure contingencies, 109–111 Stress, 910 Strong-executive tradition, 54 Structure contingencies, 106–107, 109–116 Structured interviews, 881, 919 Structured observation, 917–918 Structure in intergovernmental relations, 434–436 Structuring organizations, 114–116 Study Committee on Policy Management Assistance (SCOPMA), 440 Subnational debt limits, 161–162 Substantive rules, 668–669 Supply chain management, 320–325 Supreme Court administrative law, 637–638, 643, 645, 648–650, 690–691 1880’s, 656 1890’s, 658 1920’s, 663 1930’s, 664–665 1940’s, 665–666, 670–671 1950’s, 672–673 1960’s, 674 1970’s, 678 1990’s, 684–685 2000’s, 686–688 Surrogate markers, 651–652 Surveys interviews, 870 judicial administration, 1015 research, 832, 870, 919–936 Symbols, anti-administration, 1214 Synergy, 321 Synoptic rationality, 287, 288 Synthetic treatments in structure contingencies, 112 Syracuse University, 726–728, 759 Systems analysis, 576–578, 834 Systems perspectives, 336 T Tacit knowledge, 326 Taft Commission, 11, 165, 167 Taft, William Howard, 992–994 Tailored design method (TD), 924–925 TANF (Temporary Assistance to Needy Families), 450–451 Taxation, Internet taxation, 458–460 Tax elasticity, 1168 Tax and expenditure limitations (TEL), 194, 1007 Taylor, Frederick W., 1143 Taylor’s classical management model, 66 TD see Tailored design method DK3636—INDEX——5/10/2006—09:01—IRSHATH—13778—XML MODEL C – pp 1221–1243 1242 Teaching see Pedagogy Team learning, 134 Technical efficiency, 1067–1069 Technocratic decision making, 285–286 Technocratic power, 800–802 Technological contingencies, 107–109 Technology 1960’s, 19–21 coalition convergence, 279 decision models, 285–286, 302–304 information technology, 775–776 judicial administration, 1049–1054 program effectiveness, 87–88 safety regulation, 653 transfer, 87 TEL see Tax and expenditure limitations Telephones, 870, 919, 925 Television, 1053 Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF), 450–451 Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), 13 Ten Step Model of information sharing, 82–83 Termination, policy sciences, 518–519 Textbooks, 834–835 Theories action theory, 118, 123, 136 critical social theory, 137 federalism, 482–497 political economy, 1115–1116 see also Budget theory; Organization theory Therapeutic justice, 1019–1020 Third Branch, 984–1021 TIGER (Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing), 759 Time horizons, 181 Title II – The Budget, 170–171 Title IV of the Legislative Reorganization Act, 666 Top-down methods, 54, 449–451, 545–546 Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (TIGER), 799 Tort Claims Act, 666 Tort law, 688–689 Total quality management (TQM), 67–68, 88–89, 196–197, 301, 390 Traditional judicial administration, 1014–1017 Traditional politics-administration frameworks, 1208–1217 Training, 872–874, 912, 1044–1049 see also Pedagogy Training School for Public Service, 725 Transaction costs, 297–299, 1087–1090, 1106–1107, 1111 Transportation Equity Act, 454–455 Treasury department, 161 Trends conduct of inquiry, 842–844 organization theory, 105–118 Trial courts, 704, 1036–1037, 1041–1042 Handbook of Public Administration Triangulation, 916–917 Truman, Harry, 357–359 Turn-of-the-century perspectives, 381–398 TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority), 13 U Uncertainty in decision making, 254 Unification, 984–1020, 1036–1040 Union, nature of, 416–417 Universities judicial administration, 1044 pedagogy, 725–731, 734, 759–764 programs, 14–15, 16–17 University of California at Irvine, 734 University of Chicago, 728, 729 University of Southern California (USC), 726–728, 759 Unobtrusive measures, 886–899 Urban affairs (urbanization), 436–438, 837, 838 Urwick’s Ten Principles, 66 U.S Agency for International Development (USAID), 567–568 USC see University of Southern California V Validity factors, 236–237, 865–866, 897–898 Value chains, 1087–1090 Values and ethics, 525–527 Value systems, 322–324 Vanderbilt, Arthur T., 997–1001 Vendor roles, 786, 790–791 Verification methods, 551–552 Vertical integration, 1088 Veteran’s, 353, 363 Vietnam War, 520–521 Violence and personnel management, 368–369 Virginia Resolutions, 484–486 Visibility in e-Government, 786–788 Vision and radical imagination, 1210 Volcker Commission, 79, 366–367, 741, 742 Voting Rights Acts of 1965, 799 W Waldo, Dwight, 135, 140 War on Poverty, 519–520 Wars Civil War, 7, 9, 262–265, 266–267 Cold War, 524 Korean War, 359 policy sciences, 520–523–4 Vietnam War, 520–521 World War I, 264, 354, 828 see also World War II Wartime intergovernmental relations, 428–429 Wartime needs in public personnel management, 357–359 DK3636—INDEX——5/10/2006—09:01—IRSHATH—13778—XML MODEL C – pp 1221–1243 Index Wartime pedagogy, 730–731 Watergate, 521–522 Weak-executive tradition, 54 Weberian bureaucracy, 127, 805 Weber, Max, 127, 805 Weber’s classical management models, 65–66 Websites, 893, 1055 Weighting in survey research, 934 Welfare factors, 450–451, 456–459, 1169 Western civilization, 505–506 Western Electric experiments, 387–388 White, Leonard D., 1144 Willoughby, W F., 1144 Wilson, Woodrow, 54, 60–61, 724, 1139–1140, 1206–1208 Winter Commission, 79, 742 Workforce–management cooperation, 85–86 Workplace quality movements, 387, 390–391 1243 World Bank, 574–575, 581–582, 583 World system transformations, 609, 618–620 World Trade Organization (WTO), 574 World War I, 264, 354, 828 World War II administrative state, 15 conduct of inquiry, 831–832 decision making, 283–301 professionalism, 1154 program effectiveness, 78 public budgeting, 153, 154–158 WTO (World Trade Organization), 574 Wyman, Bruce, 638–642, 651 Z Zero-based budgeting (ZBB), 187 DK3636—INDEX——5/10/2006—09:01—IRSHATH—13778—XML MODEL C – pp 1221–1243 ... or coeditor of 25 books, including the Handbook of Public Budgeting, the Handbook of Public Personnel Administration, the Handbook of Public Sector Labor Relations, Politics and Administration,. .. coauthor of the State and Local Government Budgeting Practices Handbook and Public Budgeting Laboratory, Second Edition as well as coeditor of the Handbook of Public Personnel Administration, the Handbook. .. He is the editor of the Handbook of Debt Management and coeditor of the Handbook of Public Policy Analysis (with Frank Fischer and Mara Sidney), Handbook of Research Methods in Public Administration