_^^ KHOA HOC VA CtiNG NGHE MO ^NGUVCN TAC T H I € T K C ' M O T VU NO M I N THAN THIEN VQfl MOI TRUONG GS.TS NHUT VAN BACH Hgi Ky thuat No Vigt Nam l pha vd dit da Id khau ddu tifn phuc vy cho khai thdc md, xdy dyng, thuy lyi, thuy dien, giao thdng vfn tai Khi nd min, mdt ihan nang luyng chit nO sinh cdc dang cOng cO ch thyc hien muc tieu de ra, phdn eOn lai cua ndng jyng (tuyng doi Idn) sinh cdc dang eOng vd ich ac dung xiu dfn mdi trudng nhu ehdn dOng, sOng lap khdng khi, dd vdng, dpe va bui Vi dg: 10 phd vd ddt dd d md, phin nang luang ed ch chf chilm 20-^25 %, cdn phdn nang luyng vO ch chifm 75-^80 %, nd vang xa, phdn ndng jyng cO ich ehilm td 5-^-7 %, eOn phin ndng jyng vO ich chilm 93-^95 % Nhu vdy, vln d l dft la phai thilt k l cho ang phdn ndng luyng cua chdt nd d l phd vd dit Id theo yeu cdu (cd (ch) vd giam phin nang luyng d ich d l giam ddng k l tdc ddng xdu din mdi rudng, phuc vu cho sy phat triln bin vung eua lln kinh t l ndi chung vd nen cdng nghiep md ndi ifng Mdt vu no ddp dng duyc muc tifu ndi trfn Id u nd than thifn vdi mdi trudng Muln ed mdt vg 11 nhu vay, thilt k l ta phai "chd y td khdu san ;ult va lya ehpn chit n l , lya chpn nhung phuang ihap nd, tinh todn cdc thdng so n l hyp ly, din ;dc bifn phap k? thuft, t l chdc dp dung df ndng ;ao hifu qua phd vd dit da va giam thilu tac dung id h?i, bao vf mdi trudng vd dam bao an toan 'ong san xult NghTa Id thilt k l mdt vg nd than lien vdi mdi trudng can tap trung vdo nhung vln If sau ddy; 1, Lira chpn chdt no phu ho'p, dam bao than hien vdi moi tru'dng a nude ta, vdi sy phdt triln manh me cua cde igdnh cOng nghifp ndi chung va cdng nghifp md Oi rifng, nhu cau chit _nO edng nghiep ngdy mOt Sng Khdi luyng ehdt nd da sd dyng nhdng am gin day nhu sau: • Ndm 2010: 122.726 tin; • Nam 2011:136.319 tin; • Nam 2012: 120.926 tin; M • Nam 2013:127.598 tan Theo dy bao nhung nam tilp theo nhu eau s§ tang Ifn: • Nam 2015:160.822-^184.582 tin; • Nam 2020:191.084-^229.183 tin; • Ndm 2030: 226.205-^265.493 tin Vdi nhu cdu nhy trfn, chOng ta hodn todn ed thl ddp dng duyc bang ede logi chit nd san xudt nudc, thdm chi ed t h l xuat khdu nude ngodi Hifn nay, hai dyn vj: Ting Cdng ty CN hda chit md thude TKV va Tong cgc Cdng nghifp Bd Qudc Phdng san xult duyc nhilu chung loai chit n l , phu hyp vdi dieu kifn sd dung thyc t l va dam bao thdn thien vdi mOi trudng DO Id cdc loai: • Sd dgng dllu kifn khd rdo (Id khoan khdng cd nudc): ANFO, Amdnit phd da ADI, SdfanitAFST,Zecno 79/21 ; • Sy dgng dilu kifn I m udt: Watergel TNP-1, TFD-15, nhu tuang rdi NTR-06 ; • Sd dgng dilu kifn l l khoan cO nude: Nhu tuang EE-31, NT-13, NT-14WR, nhu tuang rdi NTR-05, NTR-07 Tdt ca cac loai tren da eO cde tieu chudn ky thuat QuOc Gia quy djnh vf chi tifu ky thudt va phuang phdp thd nghifm d l dam bao hieu qua vd an toan su dyng Mdc df thdn thifn vdi mOi trudng cija chit no duac danh gid bing phuang phdp thyc nghiem d l dam bao hifu qua vd an todn su dgng vd san xult Muc dp thdn thien vdi mOi trudng duyc danh gid ehu ylu bdng luyng dOc sinh nd Luyng dde dd duyc quylt djnh bdi dde tinh cdn bang dxy cua ehdt nd Cdn bdng Oxy cua ehdt no la ti sO thda hodc thilu Oxy thdnh phin ehdt nO so vdi luyng Oxy can thilt d l Oxy hoa hodn toan cdc nguyen t l ehdy cd tron^ phin chit nd Nfu hai luyng Oxy dd can bang thi chit nd cd edn bang dxy bdng khdng (ko=0), dd san phdm n l cO thdnh phin HaO, CO2 vd N2 Nlu luyng dxy thdnh phin nhd ban luyng dxy eln thiet thi chit n l cd cdn bing dxy dm CONG NGHllP MO, $64-2015 ^^_ KHOA HOC VA CfiNG NGHt HO De phdt huy hifu qua va tinh chat thdn thifn vfi mOI trudng cua phuang phap nd vi sai, can lya chpn sa phO hyp vd xdc dinh thdi gian dan each hyp IJ Trude ddy phuong tifn khOng ciie vi sai eOn ban c h l v l tinh ndng tdc dgng va dp tin cdy, vi vgy cde sa d l vi sai eOn khd dan gian Ngdy nay, phuang tifn khong c h l vi sai rit da dang, c6 tinh linh boat vd df tin cay cao, vi vdy cho phep khing c h l vi sai theo rdt nhilu sy dO vd phdt huy t l i da tdc dgng n l vi sai nlu ta sd dung dung v l sa dO nd vi sai, t i t nhat la nhung sy c i , Trong dd: KR- He s6 thl hifn tinh chit tgo cua s l lln dat tai toi da (n =4), tfn dgng trift d l ylu t | chit nd; C, Co - Thl tich ddc hai tao nO kg giao thoa cua sdng dng suit vd tgo mgt ty phg! Dieu dd dgt duyc sd dgng phuang tifn nd phi chit n l sd dung vd chit nO cd can bdng dxy Kof Da s l cdc chit n l Viet Nam san xult hien difn df mdc n l i mang no ddp dng duyc tieu chi than thifn vdi mdi Nhu vdy, cho d i n phuyng phdp nd \ri trudng Nhu vdy, trudc hit ta phai chpn chit nd ed sai phi difn la phuong phdp cd hifu qua nhit, d6 can bing dxy bdng hoac gin bing 0, phu hyp Id phuang phdp n l vi sai toan phin, cd chit lupng vdi tinh chit ca ly cua dit da, df ndt ne va dp t i t vf dap vd dit dd, giam thilu ddng k l v l tae ngdm nudc cCia nd, dap dng duac nhifm vu ky dyng chin dpng, sdng dap khOng vd dd vang thugt yeu clu, dam bao an todn vd giam thilu tdc Cd t h l ndi ddy la phuang phdp n l rit thdn dpng mdi trudng n l thifn vdi mdi trudng Khi thilt k l cdc vg n l eln ap Trong dit dd cdng, hyp ly Id sd dung chdt nd dgng trift d l phuang phdp cO t i c dp kich n l cao, nhiet luyng n l ldn Trong Xac djnh cac thong s6 nO hyp 1;^ ddt da ylu, ndt ne, dp dinh kit nhd thudng sd dyng chit nd cdng suit nhd, t i c dp kich nd thip, D l dam bao giam thilu tdc ddng mOi trudng, nhift luyng thip, nhung t h l tich n l ldn tang tinh than thifn vdi mdi trudng, sau da lifa NghTa la tinh chpn loai chit nd eln can cd chpn phu hyp ciilt no, phuang tifn n l , phuang vao dp cdng truyin am cua chit nd va dit dd, phdp vd sy dd n l , can thilt phai xdc djnh ck ti sd: [(ecn.pcn)/CCd-Pd)]=1 tM he s l chuyin thdng s l n l hyp ly ,^ ndng luyng cua luyng thulc n l thdnh sdng dng Cae thdng s l nd duae phdn lam nhdm ^ suit edng cao (Ccn, Ca- Toe dp sdng dpc • Cde thdng s l mang l5 khoan; chit n l vd dit da; pen, pa- Mat dp chit nd • Cac thdng sd elu true luyng thulc no vd mdt dd dit da) Cae thdng s l mang io khoan la: W, a, b, LM NhO'ng thdng sd cin chd J tlnh toan td ldp h6 Lya chpn phu-ang phdp no va sa dd chilu khoan O l tinh todn cde thdng s l mgng io n l hyp ly khoan hyp ly cdn can cd vdo tinh chit ca ly cua dat Nhu ta da bilt, cdc phuang phdp n l duyc da, dp mdt ne eua nd, ioai chit nd sd dgng ya phuang phdp n l lya chpn Mang 10 khoan ( ^ phan logi chu yfu nhy sau: • Theo trinh ty vd thdi gian nO phdn thdnh: md rpng tli da nhung vdn dam bao chit luang d^p phuang phap nO tdc thdi (ddng thdi), phuang vd vd giam thilu tdc dpng cO hai din mdi trudng Cac thOng s l clu true luyng tinulc bao gdm: chilu ddi CQI phap n l vi sai vd phuang phap n l ehdm; • Theo clu true luang thuoc io khoan, thudc Lt, chilu ddi cpt bua Lb, chilu ddi luyng thuoc phdn thanh' phuang phdp n l vdi luang thulc ehinh U luyng thuoc phg Lf, chilu ddi cpt bua (ho?c lien tuc va luyng thulc phdn dogn (phan dogn cdt nudc, cdt khdng khi) phdn doan Lp^ Nhung thdng s l ndy duyc xdc ldp trfn ca sd tinh chdt ca ly cua flat bing bua edng, bing nudc vd bdng khdng khi) Hien nay, da s l eae mo diu thyc hifn phuang phdp da, dp ndt ne cua nd, chilu eao edt nude trong^ khoan vd cdc thdng s l mgng Id khoan * nd vi sai vdi nhung phuang tifn nd khdc nhau: • Su dyng nd difn vdi nhung kip dien n l vi sai; Luyng thulc ngp lo khoan phy thu$| • Sd dung day n l vdi kip difn vi sai; nhilu vdo chi tifu thuoc nd q (kg/m^) - Chi tiS| • Sd dgng ddy n l vdi rale vi sai; thudc n l quylt djnh nhilu din mdc dp than thiSl • Sd dung phuang tien n l phi difn; vdi mdi trudng Xdc dinh chl tidu thulc nd can xua • Sd dgng phuang tien nd phi difn kit hyp vdi phdt td tinh chit co ly vd dp ndt ne cua da vd mifi dp dap vd ydu cau ddy n l (k|,0), phin nd co NO (dpc h?i gip 6,5 lan CO) va nhiet lupng nd giam dang k4 Tinh chit tao cua chM no co the danh gia bing he s6: CANGNGHl|PM0,Sti4-2015 _^^ KHOA HOC VA CfiNG NGHE MO Nhu vdy cac thOng s l no hyp ly vda dam bao chdt luyng dgp vd dit dd, hifu qua n l min, vda dam bao giam thilu nhung tae dpng xiu din mOi trudng, eO nghta Id tang cudng mde dp thdn thifn vdi mdi trudng Ap dung nhtrng bien phap tang mdc than thien vdi moi tru-dng n l Ta da bilt, no mdt phin ndng luang cua chit n l sinh cdng ca hpc phd vd ddt da phuc vg eho mgc dich khai thac, cdn phan Idn nang lyyng • hao phi dudi dgng tdn thit hda hpc, t i n thit nhift I du cua san phdm nd, t i n thdt ddt ndng mOi trudng ' xung quanh, dac biet nhift luyng sinh cdc dgng edng ca hpc khong cd lyi nhy chin ddng, sdng ! dfp khdng khi, dd vang vd bui Nhdng bien phdp ^ gidm tdc dyng cd hai din mOi trudng ehinh la I nhung bifn phdp tang mde dp thdn thien vdi mOi ^ trudng n l I Khi tiln hdnh mdt vy nO eln dp dung nhung I b i f n phap sau day: 4.1 Nhifng bien phap giam tac dung nguy hpi vi Chan dgng • D i l u k h i f n dao dpng vung tdm ehdn dpng; • Dilu chinh cdc thdng so eua sOng chin dpng ^ tren dudng lan truyfn; ' • Phdn b l tuang ho giug cdc d l i tuyng duyc Trong dO: N - SO mdc chfm kht n l vi sai (kh luyng thuoc n l mdi nhdm phai nhu nhau) va th gian chgm t£50 ms Hifn hifu qua nhdt la sd dgng phuai phdp n l vi sai phi dien, hudng khdi nO phia cdng trinh cdn bao vf phdt triln xa cOi trinh Khi quy mO mpt dyt n l ldn vdi bdi n l d thi tdt nhdt ta phdn nhdm (luyng thulc n l m nhdm Id nhu nhau) nhdm nd vi sai vd Ci nhdm no ehdm so vdi (t>1 s) Khi nichar cdc nhdm tdc ddng dpc lap dd ed thf tai quy md mpt dyt nd vd giam tdc dgng ehan dpi nO 4.2 Nhifng bien phap giam song dap khdi khi no D I giam tde dung eua sdng dgp khOng Vhi ' tdng m d c dp than t h i f n v d i mdi t r u d n g , cdn ; dgng n h d n g b i f n phap sau: • Chpn logi chdt n l phu h y p ; • Xdc djnh khii lyyng thudc nd vd hudi truyfn nd hyp ly; • S d dgng vdt lifu bua vd c h i l u eao e f t bua hyp • Xdc djnh cdc thdng s l n l phu h y p ; • Tgo man c h i n sdng dap d l bao v f cdng trinh 4.3 Nhifng bien phap giam thiiu da vang k no * Khi n l cd t h l dp dyng nhung b i f n phdp s; day d l giam t h i l u tae dgng cua dd vdng: • Chpn thulc n l , f r u o n g l i f n nd, sa d l n l phCi ha\ • Tinh todn cdc thdng s l n l h y p ly; II nhi>ng bien phdp: chpn logi t h u l c n l phCi h a p , • Thilt k l bai nd mtn phiJ hyp vdi dilu kifn c hinh va sa d l khii n l thich hyp d l dilu khifn vang theo hudng nhit djnh 4.4 Nhirng bien phap giam Uiieu dgc bui no ok tang mdc dp thdn thifn vdi mdi trudng, g\i thilu ddc va bgi sinh n l min, cin dp dg nhdng bifn phdp sau day: * bao ve va tdm phdt chdn dpng; • Giam mue dp truyin sOng chin ddng vdo nfn cdng trinh cdn bao ve; t • Ap dgng trift df nhunp bifn phdp td chde-ky thuft tiln hanh mpt vg nd Nhung bifn phdp cg t h l : S [ • Sd dung hyp ly ndng luyng n l , bao gom u thilt k l bai n l cd nhilu mat ty do, su dgng kit i elu luyng thuoc cd hieu qua vdi sa dd khdi n l M hyp ly; , , , U • Dinh vj tdc dyng no bdng no tgo bien, ^ phdt triin hyp \)f cdng tdc md, sd dung mdn chin n sdng chin dfng df bao ve mOi trudng, ,: • Ap dyng trift d l ()huang phdp n l chdm, no vi ,1 sai vdi quy md vd sa dd n l hyp \)f Jl Khi n l dong thdi, quy mO mpt dot nd duyc xdc djnh theo cdng thdc: I Q=tR/(kca)f, kg ^ (2) J Trong dd: Kc - Hf sd phu thupc vdo tinh chat ddt dd d nen cdng trinh can bao vf; a - Hf s l phg thudc, , vdo chi so tdc tdc dgng nd; R - Khoang each td vj • tri nd din cdng trinh can bao vf ^ I Khi nd vi sai khii luyng thulc nO sd dgng eho ' mli bai nd duyc tang Ifn: Q ^ , = i Q N ,kg (3) • Chpn logi t h u l c n l ed can bang Oxy bdnc hodc g i n bdng 0; • T u d i n u d c Idm d m b l mat bdi t r u d c I n l {sau da ngp xong); • Chpn vft lifu bua thieh hyp: bua nude ho bua kabenlis K i t luan • Khi nd mft phin nang luyng cua ehdt phd vd ddt dd theo yfu cdu, phin Idn na lyyng sinh cae dgng cdng vd ich tdc dfng > din mOi trydng nhu chin dpng, sdng dgp khd khi, dd vdng vd bgi ; • Mpt vg nO s d dgng toi da ndng l u y n g c d d l ddp v d dat d d , hgn c h l toi da n h d n g tdc dc CONG NGHIEP MO sfi 4-2015 KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE MO ^^_ c6 h^i cho moi t r u d n g , nhung t4c ddng x i u d u p c kh5ng c h l nam giffi h^n cho phep theo quy c h u i n la vu n l thSn thi#n vpi moi t r u a n g ; • Khi tiiilt ke mOt vu n l than thipn vpi moi tordng can chon loai chat n l "sach' cd_c4n b i n g oxy b i n g khong hoac x i p x! b i n g khong d§ khdng sinh dgc, ap dgng triet de mgi bipn phap de giam t h i l u t l i da nhCrng tac dgng c6 hgi d i n mdi t r u d n g n TAI L I | U T H A M K H A O N h u Van Bach Nang cao hipu qua pha vb d i t da bang n l khai th4o mo Nha x u l t ban Giao thdng Van tai Ha Ngi 2008 N h u Van B4ch va nnk Nghien ciiu hoan thien cong nghe k h o a n - n l 16 khoan d u p n g kinh ian ap dung cho mo da 16 thien g i n khu vuc dan c u a Viet Nam tai d p nha nuac, ma s6 OT.01-11/BMCNK H a N o i 2013 Du thao: Quy hoach phat then nganh vat lieu n l cong nghiep Viet Nam d i n nam 2030 Vien Nghien ciiu Chiln iuCTC Chinh sach cong nghiep Ha Npi 2014 SirDUNGTHltTBjCOOONG.' (Tiep tiieo trang 12) TAI L I ^ U T H A M K H A O C d m nang "Cdng nghe va t h i l t bj md" Quy! Nxb Khoa hpc v d K J t h u f t 2006 HO ST Giao, Nguyen ST Hdi, T r i n Mgnh Khai thde m d v f t l i f u xdy dyng, Nxb Gido dgc 1! Trdn Manh X u d n Cac qud trinh san x u l t trfin md I f thien Nxb Khoa hpe vd Ky t h u d t 2011 C ^ n.M ToruiaKOB, U.K Haywioa TexHonorHn, MexaHMsauMfl M opraHMaauiin oTKpbiTbix ropHbix paOoT MFM MocKBa 1993 B.B P>KeBCKMii TexHonorMn M KOwnneKCHaH MexaHM3auHn OTKpbiTbix ropHbix paOoT M "HeApa" 1980 Ngwdi bien tap: Ho SJGiao Ngw&i bien tap: Ho St Giao i W h e n design a blast to the environmental ' friendly, should select the type of explosives have oxygen balance to zero or close lo zero, applied thoroughly all measures to minimize the impacts o n the environment and increasing degree of environmental friendship DIEU CHINH Dir AN SAT (Tiep theo trang 16) an Khai thac va Tuydn quang sdt md Thach Khe vdi thyc t l vd cung khd khan v l t y nhien va kmh t l ky thuat cua VN l l n nua k h i n g dinh s y Idn manh ve chat cua cac can bd KHKT va ky s u hoat d f n g Nganh khai thac md lp thien.D TAI LIEU T H A M K H A O Bao cao Tien kha thi D y an Khai thac, t u y i n va x u ly quang s i t md Thach Khe, Ha TTnh Tdng Cty Thep Viet Nam 12/2004 Dy an d i u tu khat thac, tuyin quang s i t md Thgch Khe Ha Tinh Cty CP Giproruda (LB Nga) 2007 D y an d i l u chinh Khai thac vd T u y i n qugng s i t md Thgch K h f , Ha TTnh Tdp dodn ThanKhodng san V N 9/2012 CONG NGHIEP MO, SO - Recently, t h e loading m a c h i n e was used in the mining industry with large bucket capacity and flexibility It c a n compete witii the excavators a n d trucks synchronous certain extent d e p e n d s o n the distance of transport a n d mining output This paper propose to use loading m a c h i n e as portable devices and flexible technology to exploit the limestone with complex ten-ain and limited size Ngwdi bien tap: Tran Van Trpch A c h i e v e m e n t s in science a n d technology helped o p e n pit minings to solve many complex p r o b l e m s s u c h as the drainage bottom self flow, improving work-shore angle, selective cutting, blasting in rock hydrated, transport in d e e p mines, The adjusted successfully to complete and feasible T h a c h Khe Iron Mining project with extremely difficult reality of nature and economic, that reaffirms the g r o w t h in quality of Scientific staff of e n g i n e e r s and operations in surface mining industry