- [ , -,l,- I ^: I -; I ,•: 1., , - ••• •, , Sir P H ^ M T P H O CHI MINH /^i- wni rvnOA HOC HO CHl MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION JOURNAL OF SCIENCE ISSN' KHOA HOC XA HQi VA N H A N VAN SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES 1859-3100 T?p 16, 56 5(2019): 121-130 Vol 16, No (2019)-121-130 Email tapchikhoahoc@hcmue.edu.vn: Website http://tckh hcmue.edu.vn NGUON V N VAT CHAT VA XA H O I CUA CAC H O GIA DINH d XA THOa BINH (HUYEN THOI BINH, TINH CA MAU) Huynh Pham DungPhdt'', Kim Hdi Van^ Khoa Dia li- Tiirdiig Bai hoc Su pham Thdnh Ho Chi Minh THPT chuyen Hodng Le Kha - Tdy Ninh * Tdc gid lien he: Huynh Pham Diing Phdt - Email: hpdphat@hcmue edu.vn Ngaynh$nb^i 27-02-2019 nhan bai su-a-11-3-2019, ng^y duyet dang 1B-4-2019 TOM TAT Trong giai doan 2000-2015, nguon von vdt chdt vd vdn xd hoi cua cdc ho gia dinh a xd Thai Binh (huyen Thdi Binh, tinh Cd Mau) da cd sy: thay ddi theo hudng tich cue Ti le hg cd nhd a Men CO, bdn kien co, cd phuang tien di lgi chinh bdng xe mdy, d to; cd cdc dung ldu ben deu tang Moi quan he giira cdc ho vdi ho hdng, hdng xdm ngdy cdng phdt trien vd sd ngudi tham gia cdc td chuc chinh tri - xa hgi cUng duac ndng cao Bdi viet gidi thieu ve su bien ddi ngudn vdn vdt chdt vd vdn xd hgi ciia cdc hg gia dinh dxd Thdi Binh giai dogn 2000-2015 dua trin kit qud khdo sdt 125 chu hg vd phong vdn 20 chii hg, tit- de xudt mdt sd gidi phdp phdt trien hai ngudn von ndy thdi gian tdi Tie khda: hg gia dinh, nguon von vat chat, nguon von xa hgi, xa Thdi Binh Dat van de Nguon von sinh kg la phan quan trgng sinh kg Nguon von sinh kg gom to la ngudi, tu nhien, tai chinh, vat chat va xa hgi; do, von vat chat va xa hgi la hai nguon von phan anh ddi song vat chat va mang ludi xa hgi, chuan muc, sy tin cay xa hgi cua hg gia dinh Theo dinh nghia cua Bg Phat trign Quoc te Vuong quoc Anh: "Von vat chat bao gom ca sd tang ca ban va hang hoa vat chat nham ho trg viec thyc hien cac boat dgng sinh kg Ngudn von vat chat the hien d ca cap ca sd cong dong hay cap hg gia dinh Trgn goc egng dong, chinh la co sd tang nham ho trg cho sinh kg ciia cong dong hay ca nhan gom he thong dien, dudng, trudng tram, he thong cap nude va ve sinh moi trudng, he thong tudi tieu va he thong chg goc hg gia dinh, von vat chat la trang thiet bi san xuat nhu may moc, dung cu san xuat, nha xudng hay cac tai san nham phuc vu nhu cau cugc song hang nhu nha cira va thiet bi sinh boat gia dinh" (DFID, 2001) Vg von xa hgi, theo Coleman (1990): "Von xa hgi gom nhirng dac tnmg ddi song xa hgi nhu sau: cac mang ludi xa hgi, cac chuan myc va sy tin cay xa hgi - la nhirng cai giiip cho vien co the hanh dgng chung vdi mgt each co hieu qua nham dat dgn muc tieu chung" Xa Thdi Binh nam d phia Tay Nam huyen Thdi Binh, tinh Ca Mau, tigp giap vdi th; b-an Thdi Binh, la mgt nhirng xa co vi tri dac biet quan trgng phat trign kinh te 121 TAP CHi KHOA HOC - Tru-dng DHSP TPHCM - xa hgi cua huyen Nam 2015, dien tich bJ nhien ciia toan xa la 10.109,4 vdi 4035 hg gia dinh va 17.374 nhan khdu Hoat dgng kinh tg chinh cua hdu hgt cac hg gia dinh d dia phucmg la nong nghiep Gia tri san xudt xudt nong nghiep cua xa vao nam 2015 la 7651, / ti ddng (Chi cyc Th6ng kg huyen Thdi Binh, 2016) Hien nay, ciing vdi sy phat trien kmh tg - xa hgi cua dia phuang thi ngudn v6n vat chdt va xa hgi co sy thay doi theo hudng cang tang Viec nghign ciiu ngu6n v6n vat chdt va xa hgi co y nghia quan trgng dinh hudng phat trien hai nguon von noi rieng ciing nhu dinh hudng phat trign kinh te - xa hgi noi chung d dia phuang Bai viet chi tap tmng phan tich mgt so ngi dung chinh ve von vat chat va von xa hgi phd bign co d xa Thdi Binh Vg v6n vat chdt la nha d, phucmg tien di lai va diing lau bgn; vg von xa hgi la moi quan he cua hg vdi hg hang, lang xora va vdi cac to ehiic chmh tri - xa hgi giai doan 2000-2015 Tong quan nghien curu, cc sd dir lieu va phirong phap nghien eiiu 2.1 Tong quan nghien ciru Cac nghien ciiu ve von vat chat dign hmh co the kg: Vdn vgt chdt vd phdt triin kinh ti d Viet Nam (Eric & Tam, 2012), nghign ciiu da su dyng so lieu tir cac nganh kinh te de phan tich tac dgng ciia von vat chat doi vdi tang trudng kinh tg d Viet Nam Sustainable livelihoods guidance sheets (DFID, 2001) da gidi thieu khung phan tich sinh ke ben vimg, dua khai niem dong thdi phan tich vai tro eua timg ngudn von sinh ke, co nguon von xa hgi va chi phuong thiic khai thac va phat trien sinh kg ben vdng Cae nghign cim ve von xa hgi, dien hinh co the ke den la Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital (Coleman, 1988), bai bao da trinh bay kha cu thg cac ngi dung: khai niem von xa hgi va nguon nhan lyc, cac hinh thiic ciia von xa hgi, vai trd eiia von xa hgi viec tao nguon nhan lyc Bai bao Tim hieu khdi niem vdn xd hoi (Tran Hiru Quang, 2006) ciing da he thong boa cac khai niem ve nguon von xa hgi, phan tich cac kich thudc van hoa va dinh chg cua von xa hgi Bai bao Vdn xd hdi, mgng luai xa hoi vd nhirng phi tdn (Hoang Ba Thinh, 2009) ciing da gidi thieu mgt so quan niem vg von xa hgi ciia mgt so to chirc, ca nhan: Pierre Bourdieu, Jame Coleman, Ngan hang The gidi, Putnam va Fukuyama; qua do, tae gia da dua quan niem vg mang ludi xa hgi; phan tich cdu tnic, chiic nang cua von xa hgi, nhimg phi ton dg tri von xa hgi va mang ludi xa hgi Cac nghien cim noi trgn da cung cap cho chimg toi mgt so vdn de li luan vg v6n vat chat va von xa hgi: cae khai niem ea ban, tinh chat, dac diem, ngi dung va vai tro ciia v6n vat chat va von xa hgi doi vdi sinh ke ciia cac hg noi rigng va doi vdi phat trign kinh tg - xa hgi noi chung 2.2 Ca sd du lieu vd phuang phdp nghien cuu Chimg toi tien hanh khao sat thong tin ve nguon von vat chat va von xa hgi cua cac hg gia dinh d xa Thdi Binh vdi hai moc thdi gian nam 2000 va 2015 de co cir lieu so sanh sy thay ddi ciia hai ngudn von d hai thdi digra khac cimg mgt hg Thong tin 122 "-rLFdng DHSP TPHCM Huynh Phdm Dung Phdt va tgk chinh chu hg cung cdp thong qua hinh thiic dieu tra bang bang hoi va phong van sau Trong do, bang hoi dugc xay dyng co ngi dung lien quan den nghien ciiu doi vdi 125 chu hg dai dien cho 3% tdng so hg d xa (125 4035 hg), phdng van sau 20 chii hg So hg dugc dieu tra trgn dia ban II ap (tic ap dgn ap 11) Ket qua nghien ciiu 3.L Nguon von vat chdt Nhd dt Giai doan 2000-2015, tinh trang nha d cua cac hg gia dinh dugc khao sat d xa Thdi Binh CO sy thay doi theo hudng tich cyc Chi vong nam, nha kien co tang 24 can; nha ban kien co tang 26 can; nha thieu kien co giam 14 can va nha dcm so giam 36 can (xem Bang 1) Day la tin hieu dang mimg, thg hien sy cai thien ddi song vat chat cua cac hg d dia phuang Bang Tinh trgng nhd a phdn theo logi nhd cua cdc ho gia dinh a xd Thdi Binh (huyen Thai Binh, tinh Cd Mau) giai dogn 2000-2015 Loai nha cf 2000 2015 So lucmg (ho) Ti le (%) So lucmg (ho) Ti le (%) Tong so Nha kien co Nha ban Iden CO Nha thieu kien co Nha don so' 125 100 125 100 16 12,8 40 32 18 14,4 44 35,2 41 32,8 27 21,6 50 40 14 11,2 (Kit qud khdo sdt cua nhdm tdc gid) Theo phong van, nha d duge cai thien la thu nhap cua ngudi dan tang, sd tign tich liiy cang nhigu Nam 2000, thu nhap binh quan dau ngudi d xa Thdi Binh la 10,9 trieu dong/nam, den nam 2015 la 25,6 trieu dong/nam, tang 14,7 trieu dong (Chi cue Thong ke huyen Thdi Binh, 2016) Ngoai ra, cac hg vay tien tu hg hang, hang xom, ngan hang, to chiic chinh tri - xa hgi de xay mdi hoac sira chira nha Ben canh do, nhung nam gan day, huyen Thdi Binh luon quan tam dgn cong tac ho trg cac hg gia dinh, dac biet la eac hg chinh sach, hg ngheo Theo Chi cue Thdng ke huyen Thdi Binh, nam 2015, huyen da huy dgng Quy den an dap nghia xay dyng dugc 35 can nha tinh nghia (Chi cue Thong ke huyen Thdi Binh, 2016) Phuang tien di lai: Bang cho thay phuong tien di lai ciia ngirdi dan co sy thay doi kha dang ke giai doan 2000-2015 Cac phuong tien tmygn thong, gian don dugc thay the bdi cac phuang tien co gia hi, tien lgi hon, nhanh hon Nam 2000, cac hg chii yeu di lai bang xu6ng/v6 lai vdi 101/125 hg, chigm den 87,8%, nhung den nam 2015 phuong tien giam xudng chi 16 hg vdi 13,1% Ti trgng xe dap giam tir 3,5% xuong 1,6%, giam 1,9% Xe may la phuang tien di lai co gia tri, bien va tien lgi nen ti trgng tang dang ke - tir 8,7% nam 2000 len 81,1% nam 2015 Trong cac phuang tien dl lai, xe to co so lugng 123 TAP CHl KHOA HOC - Trifgng BHSP TPHCM hp sir dung thap - vong muoi lam nam chi tang ho (tir ho len ho) (xem Bang 2) Nguyen nhan gia xe to dit, chii yiu la cac hp kinh doanh sit diing; he th6ng cac duong giao thong a cac huyen, xa chua thuan tien cho phuang tien Imt thong Bang Phumig tien di lai chinh cita cdc hq gia dinh & xd Thai Binh (Jmyen Th&i Binh linh Cd Mau giai doan 2000-2015 Phirong tien di lai 2000 S6to™g(h6) Ca cau (%) 2015 ^° '""'"^ '''^' Co cau {%) TSng so * 125 100 125 100 "°"^ Xe dap , Xe to Volai may 10 101 8,7 87,8 3,5 99 16 81,1 13,1 1,6 (Kit qud khdo sdt cua nhdm tdc gid) Do diing ldu bin: Giai doan 2000-2015, ti le dd diing lau bgn d cac hg dugc khao sat tang dang kg Trong do, heu bieu la may vi tinh/may tinh xach tay tang tir 1,6% Ign 36,8%, tang 23 lan, may giat ciing tang hon 15 lan Ngoai ra, eac dd diing nhu tivi, hi lanh, sofa/bg ban ghg, tii (til thd, tii tivi ) ciing idn lugt tang 2,5 lan, 6,8 idn, 2,1 idn va 2,3 idn Nguyen nhan lam cho ti le eac diing tang la thu nhap tang, cac thiet bi ngu trgn la rat can thiet de phuc vu nhu cau sinh boat gia dinh va mgt phan la gia re ban so vdi trudc day Bang cho thay eac dimg ti le tang cao nhung so lugng van chua nhigu: so hg CO may vi tinh/may tinh xach tay, may giat van thap Nam 2015, may giat la 17/125 hg va may vi tinh/may tinh xach tay 46/125 hg Nguygn nhan la may vi tinh/may tinh xach tay chu yeu duge mua sam d cac hg co em hgc tmng cap, eao dang trd Ign hoae lam nhan vign van phong; da so hg d khu vuc nong thon van thoi quen giat bang tay, mgt so it hg khong mua may giat vi chua co digu kien Tii lanh dugc cac hg dau tu nhieu thigt bi giiip sinh boat hang thuan lgi hem Bdng Dd diing ldu bin cua cdc ho gia dinh dxd Thdi Binh (liuyen Thdi Binh, tinh Cd Man) giai dogn 2000-2015 D dung lau bSn Tivi ^ \ lanh '"*'' giat Bo soWho lofa/ho ^, ghe _^\ ban Tii (tii t'hfr'iii thiy, tii ^ tivi ) So lucmg (ho) Tile(%) S61umig(h6) 50 40 125 17 13,6 116 0,8 17 44 35,2 92 52 41,6 120 100 92,8 13,6 2000 2015 ov ' Tile(%) May vi "'"'"•"*>' tinh xach tay 1,6 46 to 73,6 96 36,8 (Kei qud Ichdo sdt ciia nhom tdc eid) "ru-dng DHSP TPHCM Huynh Pham Ddng Phdt vd tgk Ti le cac dd diing ISu ben tang nhd sy thay doi cong nghe san xuat, gia ca hgp li va xu hudng tieu diing cua ngudi dan Thdi diem nam 2000, ngudi dan mua sam theo hudng an chac mac bgn, nhung dgn chu yeu mua nhirng san pham co mau ma va cdng nghe san xuat mdi Bgn canh do, sy phat trien cua hinh thiic mua hang tra gop ciing gop phan lam tang ti le cac diing lau bgn 3.2 Nguon von xd hpi Doi vdi nguon von xa hgi, viec xay dyng cac moi quan he xa hgi rat can thiet, giiip cac vign hg co thg tim dugc viec lam, tao co hgi cho hg hgc tap cac mo hinh mdi san xuat kinh doanh va dugc ho trg nguon von Mdi quan he giira cdc ho voi hp hdng: Giai doan 2000-2015, so hg gia dinh cd hg hang sinh song d cimg dia phuang tang tii' 95 hg len 113 hg, tang 18 hg Quan he ciia cac hg vdi hg hang khong chi gan bo san xuat ma cdn cugc song sinh boat hang vdi nhigu hinh thirc khac Day la dieu rat tich cyc, mang lai y nghia cho ca hg va hg hang + Cac hinh thiic the hien moi lign he xa hgi giira hg va hg hang thong qua eac boat dgng: phu dam cudi, dam gio, tang ma; thara hoi dm dau va phu giir, cham soc Hinh thiic co ti le tang nhigu nhat la phu dam cudi, dam gio, tang ma tang tic 33,9% Ign 55,3%, tang 21,4% Khi cac hg co dara cudi, dam gio hay dam tang thi hg hang thudng den phu giiip mgt so cong viec nhu dung rap, lam heo, nau an, rira chen va chay ban Sau ket thiic dam tiec, chu hg thudng dgn timg nha hg hang de gici ldi cam on va qua banh Hinh thirc tham hoi 6m dau cd xu hudng tang nhe vdi 1,8% Moi co vign hg bi 6m dau, hg hang hay sang nha hoac den benh vien de tham hoi ve tinh hinh sire khoe va giiip dd, ho trg, nhu: trdng coi nha, cho mugn hoac vay tign de chira benh Hinh thiic nhd hg hang phu giir, cham soc con, giam tir 50,8% xuong 27,6%, giam 23,2% Hien nay, d khu vyc nong thon, he thong giao due mam non phat trien nen cac hg gia dinh gui dgn nha tre, trudng mau giao cang tang Bdng Mdi liin he xd hdi giua cdc hd gia dinh vd ho hdng d xa Thdi Binh (huyen Thdi Binh, tinh Cd Mau) giai dogn 2000-2015 Niiii 2000 2015 Phu dam cudi, dam gio, dam tang Tham hoi 6m dau Phu gm, cham soc Tong s6 So lucmg (hp) Co cau (%) So lupng (hp) Co cau (%) So luong (ho) Co cau (%) So lu-ffng (hp) Co- cau (%) 15,3 20 33,9 30 50,8 59 100 13 17,1 42 55,3 21 27,6 76 100 (Ket qud khdo sdt cua nhom tdc gid) 125 TAP CHi KHOA HOC - Tru'dng DHSP TPHCM + Tuong tu nhu mdi lien he xa hgi, sd hg co lien he vdi hg hang vg mat kinh tg cung tang 18 hg, hr 52 hg Ign 70 hg Cac hg va hg hang lien kgt vdi vg mat kinh tg the hien bang nhigu hinh thiic khac nhu: eho vay mugn ti8n, hgp tac san xuat nong nghiep, tigu thii cong nghiep, kmh doanh dich vu va thug lam lao dgng Moi lien he ve khoh tg giiia hg va hg hang d dia phuang thigu su bgn chat ngn ngoai trir hinh thiic cho vay mugn tign co ti trgng cao va tang nhigu (gdn 30%), xu hudng chung eua cac hinh thuc hgp tae san xuat tai dia phuong la giam Cy th8, hgp tac san xuat nong nghiep giam hi 7,7% nam 2000 xudng 1,4% nam 2015, giam 6,3%; san xudt tigu thu cong nghiep giam 1,9%; kinh doanh dich vu giam 2,4% (hr 3,8% xudng 1,4%); thug lao dgng giam 18,9% (hr 34,6% xudng 15,7%) (xem Bang 5) Nguyen nhan la di cu lao dgng dgn cac tinh khac, khdng can von lara an, phan chia lgi nhuan hgp tac Tign vay mugn tir hg hang dugc cac hg su dung vao myc dich dau tu san xuat nong nghiep, xay mdi hoac siia chira nha, cho di hgc va chi eac viec phat sinh gia dinh So tign cac hg vay mugn thudng thap va phai tra sdm vi tign hg hang eho hg vay mugn chii yeu la tien von dung de dau tu tai san xuat Ve lai suat, hg hang cho hg vay vdi lai suat rat thap hoac tham chi khong lay lai Trong san xuat nong nghiep, hg hgp tac vdi hg hang thdng qua viec him vdn thue trdng Ilia; nudi tdm, cua va ca; trao doi cong d cac khau cua Iiia nhu lam dat, gieo ma, cay va gat liia de hoan cac cong viec va giam chi phi Ngoai ra, hg hgp tac vdi hg hang san xuat tieu thu cong nghiep nhung chiem ti trgng rat thap, nam 2015 la 0% cac hg san xuat chieu cang bi thu hep thi tmdng dan den khong thg ton tai Ti le hg va hg hang hgp tac kinh doanh dich vu giam la cac hg co dii ngudn von de dau tu hoac gap rac rdi viec phan chia lgi nhuan, quyen quygt dinh cac van de phat sinh ngn nen muon kinh doanh rigng Ddi vdi viec thug hg hang lam lao dgng, ciing vdi xu hudng di cu cua huyen Thdi Binh noi chung, lao dgng cua cac gia dinh dugc khao sat d xa Thdi Binh ciing di cu dgn cac tinh khac dg lam viec (Thanh phd H6 Chi Minh 36,7%, Binh Duong 26,6% ); vi vay, viee thug lao dgng d dia phuong la dieu rdt kho khan Cae hg thug Iao dgng la gia dinh khong co nhan lyc hoac lao dgng la cong chirc, vien chiic (3 xa Thdi Binh, cac hg chii yeu thue hg hang lam viec d ITnh vyc ndng nghiep, tigu thii cdng nghiep va dich vu Trong nong nghiep, hg thue lam cae cong viec dao dat, xdi dat, nhd ma, cdy lua va gat liia la ehii yeu rydng DHSP TPHCM Huynh Phdm Ddng Phdt vd tgk Bdng Moi liin hi kinh ti giira cdc ho gia dinh vd ho hdng dxd Thdi Binh (huyen Thai Binh, tinh Cd Mau) giai dogn 2000-2015 Niiii Hgp tac san xuat nong nghiep Hgp tac san xuat tieu thii cong nghiep 2000 2015 So luang (hp) Co cau (%) So lupng (hp) 7,7 1,4 Co cau (%) 1,9 So lupng (hp) Hgp tac kinh doanh dich vu Co cau (%) 3,8 1,4 So lupng (hp) 18 11 Thue lam lao dgng Co cau (%) 15,7 34,6 So lupng (hp) 27 57 Cho vay mugn tien Co cau (%) 81,4 51,9 52 So lupng (ho) 70 Tong so 100 100 Co- can (%) \^u tau \~, (Kit qud khdo sdt cda nhdm tdc gid) + Mice tiep xiic la mgt nhirng tieu chi quan trgng dg danh gia moi quan he giiia cac hg va hg hang Giai doan 2000-2015, muc tigp xuc co sy bien ddi theo hudng tich cue, tang ti trgng mice rat thudng xuyen, thucmg xuygn, dong giam eac miic binh thudng, it tigp xiic va rat It tigp xiic Trong do, muc rat thucmg xuygn tang 12% va thudng xuygn 8% (xem Bang 6) Dieu eho thay, su tin cay giua hg vdi cac moi quan he xa hgi cang nang cao Mac dil giam nhung den nam 2015 van hg rat it tigp xiic vdi hg hang co nhiing mau thuan, xich mich tic nhung viec nho nhat cugc sdng nhu: tranh chap ldi di, vat nudi quay pha, nhd tranh cai dan den mat di tinh than thigt Bdng Muc dp tiep xuc giira cdc hd gia dinh vdi hdng xdm a xd Thdi Binh (liuyen Thai Binh, tinh Cd Mau) giai dogn 2000-2015 Miic tilp xuc 2000 2015 16 31 Rat thuang xuyen So lugng (hg) 12,8 24,8 (12-14 idn/mdn) Co cdu (%) 59 69 Thudng xuyen Sd lugng(hg) 47,2 55,2 (tir -11 idn/Uidn) Co cdu (%) 30 18 Binh thudng So lugng (hg) 14,4 24 (6-8 idn/tudn) Co cdu (%) 13 It tiep xiic So lugng (hg) 10,4 4,0 (3-5 lan/tuan) Co cau (%) Rat it tiep xiic So lugng (hg) 5,6 1,6 (0-2 idn/tudn) Co cdu (%) (Kit qud khdo sdt ciia nhom tdc gid) 127 TAP CHi KHOA HOC - Tru-dng DHSP TPHCM Moi quan hi cua cdc ho vdi cdc td chuc chinh tri - xd hpi Trong raudi lara nara, sd hg tham gia vao cac td chiic chinh tri - xa hgi co xu huoTig tang cao Nam 2000 cd 35 hg, dgn nam 2015 tang Ign 75 hg, tang 40 hg Cac hg ddng thdi tham gia vao nhieu to chiic khae va tmng binh mdi hg tham gia td chuc Trong do, chu ygu cac hg tham gia vao Hgi Lign hiep Phu nir vdi 53,1% Ti frgng ciia cac to chirc Hgi Ndng dan, Hgi Cyu chign binh va cac td chuc khac idn lugt la 27,9%, 4,8%, 14,2% Khi tham gia vao cac to chuc chinh tri - xa hgi, ngoai viec dugc hge tap cac md hinh san xuat, kinh doanh mdi, hgc hoi kinh nghiera, cac hg dugc ho trg tign von de dau tu san xuat, kinh doanh Nam 2015, khao sat cho thdy tdng sd 27 bo vay v6n tin dung, cd hg vay vdn tir cac to chuc chinh tri - xa hgi, chiem gan 15% Khao sat thyc te tai dia phuong cho thay, cac to chuc chinh tri - xa hgi da chii trgng quan tam nhieu mat cbo cac hd tham gia: Hgi Lien hiep Phu nii huyen ludn quan tam, giup hgi vien ca ddi sdng va san xuat: Nhigu phu nii d dia phuang vucm len thoat ngheo thdng qua cac chucmg trinh hu gao tinh thucmg; khdng, sach; mua bao hiem cho hgi vign; nudi heo dat Hgi Ndng dan huyen ludn tao digu kien de hdi vien cd co hgi tim hieu, tap huan va chuygn giao cac ki thuat mdi san xuat ndng nghiep Hgi da mdi cac cac kl su chuygn nganh ndng nghiep ciia Tm'cmg Dai hgc Can Tho ve tap huan kT thuat nudi tdm, ca; mdi kT su Tmng tam Khuyen ndng tinh Ca Mau dgn tap huan va chuyen giao kl thuat trdng liia, trdng hoa mau Ngoai ra, hang nam cdn td chii'c bdi dudng kT thuat khuygn ndng, khuygn ngu cho nong dan Ddi vdi cac cyu chien binh, hg ludn dugc Hdi Cyu chign binh huyen Thdi Binh hd trg de phat trien kinh te, giam ngheo bgn vung, nang eao ddi sdng vat chat va tinh than Hgi thudng xuygn phoi hgp vdi cac cap nganh td chirc boi dudng, tap huan chuyen giao kT thuat, khuygn nong, khuygn lam, khuygn ngu; phat ddng phong trao cyu chien binh tiet kiem, ddng gdp xay dyng quy ho trg "Xda nha dot nat" cho cyu chign binh cd hoan canh kho khan Hgi cung da xay dimg va nhan rgng nhigu md hinh san xuat cd hieu qua nhu md hinh liia - tdm, lua - tdm cang xanh; md hinh nudi le le, ran ri tugng Ket luan va de xuat 4.1 Kit luan Giai doan 2000-2015, ngudn vdn vat chat ciia cac hg gia dinh d xa Thdi Binh co sy thay ddi theo hudng tich cue, tdc van chara Tl le nha d kign cd va ban kien ed nang len mice kha Sd hg co phucmg tien di lai la xe may, xe td tang, song xe d td vin ban chg Da sd cac diing lau ben deu tang ti le, tang nhanh nhdt la may vi tinh/may tinh xach tay Vg ngudn vdn xa bgi, ti le hd co mdi lien he vdi hg bang vg xa hdi va kinh tg kha dn dinh Mice tigp xiic giira cae hd dien thudng xuyen, tinh cd ket cdng ddng cao- nhign van xay mau thuan vdi hg hang d mgt sd it hg Sd hg thara gia vao cac td chirc "'ru-dng DHSP TPHCM Huynh Phdm Dung Phdt vd tgk chinh t r i - x a hdi d miic tuang ddi Cac td chiic kinh te - xa hdi cd nhigu hinh thiic khac giiip dd cac hg gia dinh dn dinh kinh tg, nang cao ddi sdng Co thg thdy, ngudn vdn vat chat va ngudn vdn xa hdi cila cac hg gia dinh d xa Thdi Binh cd xu hudng phat tridn, nhien chua thuc sy manh me, nhat la lien ket kinh tg giiia hg vdi hg hang Digu cd tac ddng ddn nguon vdn tai chinh hong sinh kg thdng qua co hdi tiep c$n viec lam ciia cac vien hd, vay von tir cac mdi quan he xa hdi 4.2 Di xudt mpt so giai phdp phdt triin nguon von vat chat vd xa hpi & xa Thdi Binh (huyen Th&i Binh, tinh Cd Mau) Tir ket qua khao sat, bai vidt dg xuat mdt sd giai phap de gdp phan phat tridn ngudn vdn vat chat va xa hdi d xa Thdi Binh nhu sau: Ve tiep can nguon von, huyen Thdi Binh nen khuygn khieh tao didu kien cho cac hd gia dinh dugc tiep can vdi ngudn vdn vay uu dai dg dau tu phat trign ngudn vdn vat chdt nhu xay dung nha d kien cd, ban kign co, mua sam phuang tien di lai phuc vu san xudt, qua dd gop phan phat trien dn dinh ddi sdng vat chat cho ngudi dan Vi phdt triin giao thdng ndng thdn, nganh giao thdng va chinh quyen tinh Ca Mau can day manh dau tu xay dyng cac tuygn dudng giao thdng dap iing phuong tien d td d luu thdng cac huyen, xa de thuan tien cho viec van chuygn cua ngudi dan, tir thiic day sd hg sd hiiu d td phyc vu san xuat, kinh doanh Ve day mgnh chuang trinh ndng thdn mdi, chinh quyen xa Thdi Binh can sdm to chiic hoa giai cho cac hd cd xay mau thuan vol nhau, ddng thdi day manh cdng tac to chiic cac hoat dgng giao luu van hda, van nghe, the due, the thao giCca cac ap nham cung cd mdi quan he lang gigng, tang tinh doan kgt cho ngudi dan va xay dyng mdi tmdng van hda lanh manh d dia phuang Vi viec khuyin khieh hap tdc sdn xudt de tang ndng luc sdn xudt cua cdc hd vd cdng ddng, nganh ndng nghiep va chinh quyen tinh Ca Mau ndn khuyen khieh eac hd gia dinh d cac huyen, xa hgp tac xay dyng cac hgp tac xa, dau tu phat tridn the manh eiia dia phuong nhu nudi trdng thuy san, trdng hoa mau, tien den xay dyng thuang hieu cd chi dan dia li; tir do, giiip cac hd nang cao thu nhap va phat trien mdi quan he hgp tac ve kinh te Vi viec phdt trien hoi vien cdc td chirc tgi dia phuang, cae td chiie chinh tri - xa hdi can phdi hgp vdi chinh quyen dia phuang day manh cdng tac tuygn truygn cho ngudi dan biet quygn lgi va nghia vy tham gia cac td chiic chinh tri - xa hdi, nang cao sd lugng, chat lugng hdi vign tham gia • Tuyen b6 vk quy^ Igi: Cdc tac gi^ xSc nh$n ho^n toin khdng c6 xung dQt v4 quy^n lg 129 TAP CHi KHOA HOC - Tru'dng DHSP TPHCM TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Coleman, James S (1988) Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital The American Journal of Sociology, 94, 95-120 Coleman, James S (1990) Foundations of Social Theory Massachusetts: Harvard University Press Chi cue Thdng ke huyen Thai Binh (2016) Nien gidm thong ke liuyen Thdi Binh ndm 2015 Thai Binh DFID (Department for International Development) (2001) Sustainable Livelihoods Guidance Sheets London Eric Iksoon Im, Vii Bang Tam (2012) Von vat chdt va phat tri6n kinh tS d Viet Nam Tgp chi Phdt triin Kinh ti, 261,30-35 Hoang Ba Thinh (2009) V6n xa hgi, mang ludi xa hgi va nhung phi tdn Tgp chi xa hdi hgc, 1,4251 Trdn Huu Quang (2006) Tim hieu khai niem von xa hgi Tgp chi Khoa hgc xd hgi (TPHCM) 7(95), 74-81 THE PHYSICAL CAPITAL AI^JD THE SOCIAL CAPITAL OF HOUSEHOLDS IN THOI BINH COMMUNE (THOI BINH DISTRICT, CA MAU PROVINCE) Huynh Pham DungPhat^\ Kim Hai Van^ 'HO Chi Minh City University ofEducation 'Hoang Le Kha High School Jor the Gifted ' Corresponding autlior: Huynh Pham Dung Phat - Email: hpdphat@hcmue.edit.vn Received: 27/02/2019; Revised-11/3/2019; Accepted: 18/4/2019 ABSTRACT During the period 2000-2015, in Thoi Binh comune (Thoi Binh district, Ca Mau province), the physical capital and the social capiat of households have changed positively The percentage of households with solid house, semi - solid house; main means of transportation by motorcycles, cars; durable goods increased The relationship between households with relatives, neighbours is increasingly developed and the number of people participating in socio — political organizations has improved This article introduces the transformation of physical capital and social capital of households in Thoi Binh commune (Thoi Binh district, Ca Mau province) during the period 20002015 based on survey results of 125 householders and interviewed 20 householders Thereby, the authors propose some measures to develop these two capita! in the next time Keywords: household, physical capital, social capital, Thoi Binh commune 130 ... giir, cham soc con, giam tir 50,8% xuong 27,6%, giam 23,2% Hien nay, d khu vyc nong thon, he thong giao due mam non phat trien nen cac hg gia dinh gui dgn nha tre, trudng mau giao cang tang Bdng... tai dia phuong la giam Cy th8, hgp tac san xuat nong nghiep giam hi 7,7% nam 2000 xudng 1,4% nam 2015, giam 6,3%; san xudt tigu thu cong nghiep giam 1,9%; kinh doanh dich vu giam 2,4% (hr 3,8%... 87,8%, nhung den nam 2015 phuong tien giam xudng chi 16 hg vdi 13,1% Ti trgng xe dap giam tir 3,5% xuong 1,6%, giam 1,9% Xe may la phuang tien di lai co gia tri, bien va tien lgi nen ti trgng