[...]... 4.1 Suspended-Growth Models .556 4.2 Fixed-Growth Models .557 5 Biological Nitrification and Denitrification Processes 557 5.1 Nitrification Processes .558 5.2 Biological Denitrification Process 562 6 Commercialized Nitrogen Removal Processes 566 7 New Biology for Nitrogen Removal 568 7.1 Nitrite Route... population balance, and waste disposal This chapter introduces biological concepts for environmental control processes The specific topics covered include: cellular interactions, biochemistry, photosynthesis, chemosynthesis, respiration, microbiology, ecology, ecosystem, waste treatment, pollution indices, and biological interactions Key Words Biological process r cell r biochemistry r photosynthesis r... for breakdown of many types From: Handbook of Environmental Engineering, Volume 8: Biological Treatment Processes Edited by: L K Wang et al c The Humana Press, Totowa, NJ 1 2 M L Bungay and H R Bungay of organic wastes Concepts from biochemistry and biology that are introduced in this chapter apply to specific treatment processes covered in subsequent chapters Living cells consume organic material and... consume oxygen; thus fish could suffocate Biological waste treatment usually strives to produce a minimal amount of cellular material that is easily collectible for disposal Proper regard for basic scientific principles provides a basis for achieving high efficiency for treatment processes Although understanding is incomplete because of the great complexity of bioprocesses containing ill-defined nutrients... Sedimentation Clarification .460 1.3 Aerobic-Anoxic Biological SBR Process Involving Sedimentation Clarification 460 1.4 Aerobic-Anoxic Biological DAF-SBR Process Involving Flotation Clarification 461 1.5 Physicochemical DAF-SBR Process Involving Flotation Clarification .462 1.6 Biological Membrane-Bioreactor-(MBR-SBR) Process 462 1.7 Biological Anaerobic SBR Process ... microbiology r ecology r waste treatment r ecosystems 1 INTRODUCTION Sound foundations with understanding of reactions and processes are essential to environmental scientists and engineers for determining the fate of pollutants that reach natural systems and for the improvement of waste treatment Most of the economically effective methods for destroying wastes use normal cellular processes for breakdown of... Process .463 1.9 Solid Waste SBR Digestion Process 463 1.10 Ion Exchange-SBR Process 464 1.11 GAC-SBR Processes .464 1.12 PAC-SBR and PACT-SBR Processes .465 1.13 VSB-SBR and VSD-SBR Processes 465 1.14 Physicochemical Membrane-SBR Process 466 1.15 Biosolids SBR Digestion Process 466 2... Examples 728 7 Future Development and Direction 729 References .729 18 Biological Odor and VOC Control Process Gregory T Kleinheinz and Phillip C Wright 733 1 Introduction 733 2 Types of Biological Air Treatment Systems 735 2.1 General Descriptions 735 2.2 Novel or Emerging Designs ... 678 4.4 Nutrient Concentration 678 4.5 Oxygen Supply 678 5 Design Criteria and Procedures 678 5.1 Compost Processes with no External Bulking Agent 681 5.2 Compost Processes Using External Bulking Agent 683 6 Windrow Process .684 6.1 Methodology and Design 684 6.2 Energy Requirements... 196 Nomenclature .201 References 203 6 Activated Sludge Processes Lawrence K Wang, Zucheng Wu, and Nazih K Shammas 207 1 Concepts and Physical Behavior 208 1.1 Definition of Process 208 1.2 Principles of Biological Oxidation 209 1.3 Energy Flow 214 1.4 Synthesis and Respiration . series. This particular book Volume 8, Biological Treatment Processes, is a sister book to Volume 9, Advanced Biological Treatment Processes. Both books have been. recovery, physicochemical treatment processes, biological treat- ment processes, biosolids management, water resources, natural control processes, radioactive